https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/api.php?hidebots=1&hideminor=1&urlversion=1&days=30&limit=50&action=feedrecentchanges&feedformat=atomMediaWiki - Recent changes [en-gb]2024-03-28T09:05:41ZTrack the most recent changes to the wiki in this feed.MediaWiki 1.41.0https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Categories:UKGravelBarriersCategories:UKGravelBarriers2024-03-22T11:54:55Z<p><a href="/index.php?title=User:Agarcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Agarcia (page does not exist)"><bdi>Agarcia</bdi></a> deleted page <a href="/index.php?title=Categories:UKGravelBarriers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categories:UKGravelBarriers (page does not exist)">Categories:UKGravelBarriers</a> Author request: content was: "Delete this site", and the only contributor was "<a href="/index.php/Special:Contributions/Agarcia" title="Special:Contributions/Agarcia">Agarcia</a>" (<a href="/index.php?title=User_talk:Agarcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Agarcia (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</p>
Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate&diff=59479&oldid=59471Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate2024-03-22T08:35:11Z<p></p>
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</tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en-GB">(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questions ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questions ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> |'''RQ#1'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>How do decadal-scale morphodynamics of gravel barriers respond to changes in sea level, storminess and sediment supply, and influence coastal evolution? How will this impact the ecosystems they support?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Future response and ecosystems impacts</ins>|'''RQ#1'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>How do decadal-scale morphodynamics of gravel barriers respond to changes in sea level, storminess and sediment supply, and influence coastal evolution? How will this impact the ecosystems they support?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#2'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>Under future climate change, will the coastal protection role of gravel barriers be compromised, potentially triggering management interventions?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Potential triggering management interventions|</ins>'''RQ#2'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>Under future climate change, will the coastal protection role of gravel barriers be compromised, potentially triggering management interventions?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#3'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>When and how does sediment transport on gravel barriers differ from more well studied sand cases?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Differences with sand cases|</ins>'''RQ#3'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>When and how does sediment transport on gravel barriers differ from more well studied sand cases?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#4'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>What is the internal structure and composition of gravel beaches and how do variations in composition influence beach morphology and dynamics?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Role of internal structure|</ins>'''RQ#4'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>What is the internal structure and composition of gravel beaches and how do variations in composition influence beach morphology and dynamics?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#5'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>What is the role of hydraulic conductivity in influencing barrier behaviour?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Role of hydraulic conductivity|</ins>'''RQ#5'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>What is the role of hydraulic conductivity in influencing barrier behaviour?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#6'''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">: </del>Can we quantify the critical interactions between gravel barriers and the back-barrier environment (marsh, lagoon, estuary), as well as the interplay between gravel barriers and coastal structures?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Interactions natural and built environment|</ins>'''RQ#6'''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]| </ins>Can we quantify the critical interactions between gravel barriers and the back-barrier environment (marsh, lagoon, estuary), as well as the interplay between gravel barriers and coastal structures?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Approaches ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Approaches ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The different outputs of these research projects can be found via:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The different outputs of these research projects can be found via:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* New "Gravel Resource" at the National Network of Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes website</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* New "Gravel Resource" at the National Network of Regional Coastal Monitoring Programmes website</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dedicated wiki site for the BGS led [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Categories:UKGravelBarriers|</del>UKGravelBarriers]] project </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Dedicated wiki site for the BGS led [[UKGravelBarriers]] project </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== History ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== History ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Interactions_natural_and_built_environment&diff=59476&oldid=0Interactions natural and built environment2024-03-21T15:24:09Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Role_of_hydraulic_conductivity&diff=59475&oldid=0Role of hydraulic conductivity2024-03-21T15:23:59Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Role_of_internal_structure&diff=59474&oldid=0Role of internal structure2024-03-21T15:23:48Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Differences_with_sand_cases&diff=59473&oldid=0Differences with sand cases2024-03-21T15:23:23Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Future_response_and_ecosystems_impacts&diff=59472&oldid=0Future response and ecosystems impacts2024-03-21T15:23:07Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate&diff=59471&oldid=59467Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate2024-03-21T15:14:49Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:14, 21 March 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questions ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Questions ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#1''': How do decadal-scale morphodynamics of gravel barriers respond to changes in sea level, storminess and sediment supply, and influence coastal evolution? How will this impact the ecosystems they support?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</ins>'''RQ#1''': How do decadal-scale morphodynamics of gravel barriers respond to changes in sea level, storminess and sediment supply, and influence coastal evolution? How will this impact the ecosystems they support?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#2''': Under future climate change, will the coastal protection role of gravel barriers be compromised, potentially triggering management interventions?</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> '''RQ#2''': Under future climate change, will the coastal protection role of gravel barriers be compromised, potentially triggering management interventions?</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Approaches ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Approaches ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web-dr.tis.plymouth.ac.uk/research/coastal-processes/gravel-beach #gravelbeach] project led by [https://noc.ac.uk/n/Jennifer+Brown Dr Jenny Brown] at the National Oceanographic Centre (NOC)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://web-dr.tis.plymouth.ac.uk/research/coastal-processes/gravel-beach #gravelbeach] project led by [https://noc.ac.uk/n/Jennifer+Brown Dr Jenny Brown] at the National Oceanographic Centre (NOC)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:Categories:UKGravelBarriers|</del>UKGravelBarriers]] project led by [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/people/payo-garcia-andres/ Dr Andres Payo]at the British Geological Survey (BGS)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[UKGravelBarriers]] project led by [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/people/payo-garcia-andres/ Dr Andres Payo]at the British Geological Survey (BGS)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Outputs ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Outputs ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=UKGravelBarriers&diff=59469&oldid=0UKGravelBarriers2024-03-21T15:13:33Z<p>Created page with "=== Team === This research project is possible thanks to the close collaboration between '''researchers''' from the British Geological Survey [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ (BGS)], UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [https://www.ceh.ac.uk/ (UKCEH)], and the University of Nottingham [https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ (UoN)], '''coastal engineering practitioners''' from Kenneth Pye Associates [https://www.kpal.co.uk/ (KPAL)], Moffat and Nichols [https://www.moffattnichol.com/ (M&N)]..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>=== Team ===<br />
This research project is possible thanks to the close collaboration between '''researchers''' from the British Geological Survey [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ (BGS)], UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [https://www.ceh.ac.uk/ (UKCEH)], and the University of Nottingham [https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ (UoN)], '''coastal engineering practitioners''' from Kenneth Pye Associates [https://www.kpal.co.uk/ (KPAL)], Moffat and Nichols [https://www.moffattnichol.com/ (M&N)], '''professional Earth Observation providers''' from [https://www.argans.co.uk/ ARGANS Ltd] and [https://www.isardsat.cat/ isardSAT], with the '''in kind support''' of professionals from the Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture [https://www.cefas.co.uk/ (CEFAS)], the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds [https://www.rspb.org.uk/ (RSPB)], the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Research Group of the University of Granada [https://gdfa.ugr.es/ (GDFA)], the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute [https://www.afbini.gov.uk/ (AFBI)], the Geological Survey of Northern Ireland [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/gsni/ (GSNI)], the Wales Coastal Monitoring Centre [https://www.wcmc.wales/ (WCMC)], and from '''government organizations''' such as Natural Resources Wales [https://naturalresourceswales.gov.uk/ (NRW)] and the Environment Agency [https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency (EA)]<br />
<br />
=== Research approach ===<br />
==== Hypothesis ====<br />
To answer the research questions, we have adopted two main research hypotheses.<br />
<blockquote><br />
'''H1:''' The topography and shallow-subsurface-structure of gravel barriers, including the backshore and nearshore areas control their short-term (overwash) to long-term (transgression) evolution in response to changes in sea level rise, storminess, and sediment supply.<br />
<br />
'''H2:''' The critical interactions between gravel barriers and the back-barrier environment as well as the interplay between gravel barriers and coastal structures can be quantified from both field and numerical simulations under the assumptions of space-for-time substitution <ref name = "Lopez2020">Muñoz López, P., Payo, A., Ellis, M.A., Criado-Aldeanueva, F. and Owen Jenkins, G., 2020. A method to extract measurable indicators of coastal cliff erosion from topographical cliff and beach profiles: Application to North Norfolk and suffolk, East England, UK. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(1), p.20. '''Open source paper''' [https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010020].</ref> and the use of appropriate complexity modelling <ref name = "Frecnh2016">French, J., Payo, A., Murray, B., Orford, J., Eliot, M. and Cowell, P., 2016. Appropriate complexity for the prediction of coastal and estuarine geomorphic behaviour at decadal to centennial scales. Geomorphology, 256, pp.3-16. '''Open source paper''' [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.005].</ref>.<br />
<br />
</blockquote><br />
==== Scope ====<br />
The spatial-scope of this research will cover all gravel beaches in the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland). The temporal-scope will cover their evolution over the last 20,000 thousand years (e.g. to explore both creation of gravel barrier and evolution under different sea level rise scenarios) and will explore how they might evolve in the future to 2150.<br />
<br />
Gravel beaches types may be categorised according to the mixture of sands and gravels present, which has a significant influence on the beach slope and the more general morphological response of the beach to wave action. Three categories are defined<ref name = "Anthony2008">Anthony, E. J. (2008). Chapter Six Gravel Beaches and Barriers. Developments in Marine Geology. E. J. Anthony, Elsevier. '''Book chapter''' [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5480(08)00406-5].</ref><ref name = "GravelBeachesType">'''CoastalWiki'''' [https://www.coastalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Gravel_Beaches&oldid=80049#Beach_types Gravel Beaches Types].</ref> as pure gravel (G), mixed sand and gravel (MSG) and composite sand and gravel (CSG).<br />
<br />
* Pure gravel beaches have steep slopes (tan &beta; = 0.08–0.24) and gravel extending from the storm berm to below the mean low water spring tide level. <br />
* MSG beaches have moderate slopes (tan &beta; = 0.04–0.13), with sand and gravel entirely mixed both across shore and at depth.<br />
* CSG beaches have a steep gravel berm fronted by a low-angle intertidal terrace, with over all beach slopes of tan &beta; = 0.05–0.14. On composite beaches, there is distinct hydrodynamic cross-shore sorting of the sand and gravel component.<br />
<br />
==== Objectives ====<br />
The objectives of this project are listed below, with the research questions that they address indicated;<br />
<br />
* '''O1''': Review the responses of gravel barriers to the relative sea level changes observed from 20,000 years to about 100 years ago, including periods when sea levels (see Fig 1) generally rose at different rates but also remained with little change over large periods (RQ#1, RQ#4).<br />
<br />
* '''O2''': Review the performance of gravel barriers over the last two decades where the Environment Agency discontinued a policy of managing sea defences by reshaping of gravel barrier profiles and we have access to more detailed observations (RQ#1).<br />
<br />
* '''O3''': Collect new field data to improve our understanding of sediment transport on gravel barriers, their shallow subsurface structure and effects of hydraulic conductivity on storm (individual) and decadal evolution (RQ#3, #5).<br />
<br />
* '''O4''': Develop a broad-scale simulator of the evolution of a selected coastal barrier and backshore habitat, that account for changes in climate change, sediment supply and management interventions extending to 2150 (RQ#2, #5, #6).<br />
<br />
* '''O5''': Quantify the critical interactions between gravel barriers and the back-barrier environment as well as the interplay between gravel barriers and coastal structures in representative field studies (RQ#2, RQ#6).<br />
<br />
* '''O6''': Curate the data and models produced in this project beyond the lifetime of the project to enable further research and support decision making.<br />
<br />
=== Program of work ===<br />
To deliver the project objectives we have organised the work in five work packages:<br />
<br />
[[File:GBCoast Approach WPs.png|800px|thumb|center|Diagram showing program of work of GBcoast project.]]<br />
<br />
'''WP 0''' is where all the activities related with project management and coordination are integrated. This includes one in person meeting per year with all project partners and embedded practitioners that will act as project steering group and expert group providing data, access to networks and know-how. The main activities, milestones and deliverables of the WP1 to WP4 are summarised in the table below.<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
Fundamental to our approach is that:<br />
# Successful prediction of long-term barrier behaviour requires broad representation of the coastal systems of which they are a single part, and that,<br />
# Modelling capability is improved in terms of prediction and relevance to coastal management decision making by integrating the expertise of successful and established practitioners in coastal geomorphology with numerical modellers of coastal processes.<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
Overall, through system analysis and numerical modelling, based on four work packages, we will map and quantify gravel barrier responses to individual, ‘violent’, events such as storms in the context of longer-term ‘progressive’ impacts such as sea level rise, changes in sediment sources, and human interventions. New process understanding will be achieved by seamlessly combining innovative field observational approaches of surface and subsurface processes with advanced numerical modelling. The long-term numerical simulations will be based on predicted scenarios of sea level rise, increased wave heights and changes in coastal orientation based on UKCP18 and other recent climate change studies. The results will support improved and sustainable coastal management based on the improved understanding of how gravel barriers evolve over longer time scales under different climate conditions and human intervention scenarios. They will be a significant advance from the new comprehensive and novel, multi-scale observations of key processes that drive long-term gravel beach morphodynamic evolution.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
<br />
|-<br />
! Work Package !! Activities !! Milestones !! Deliverables<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''WP1''': Spatial distribution and temporal evolution of UK gravel barriers and their back barrier ecosystems.<br />
|| <br />
* Creation of UK gravel barrier and back barrier environments research database<br />
* Apply state-of-the-art statistical methods to quantify joint and spatially coherent probabilities<br />
* Optimisation of machine learning to quantify habitat structure and extent<br />
<br />
|| <br />
* 1st sprint on geospatial platform development (Q1 2024)<br />
* End of collecting management intervention data from local authorities (Q3 2024)<br />
* Fast-track of statistical analysis for selected case studies (Q4 2024)<br />
||<br />
* Characterization of historical met-ocean drivers and topographical and shoreline metrics of change (Q1 2025)<br />
* Geospatial platform on current and future gravel barrier habitat extent (Q4 2024)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''WP2''': Field data collection at selected case study sites<br />
||<br />
* Expanding satellite derived shoreline proxies in time and space<br />
* Use [[:Category:Portable_streamer_traps_for_longshore_sediment_transport_measurement|DIST]] to create a unique field dataset of longshore sediment transport<br />
* Characterisation of gravel barriers and broader context structure<br />
* Field assessment and biophysical relationships between gravel barriers and vegetation<br />
||<br />
* Update requirements to produce satellite MSI and SAR historical shoreline database that will be used in this project (Q1 2024)<br />
* Planning and equipment acquisition and risk assessment for alongshore sediment transport campaigns (Q2 2024)<br />
* Planning and equipment acquisition and risk assessment for in the field hydraulic conductivity surveys (Q2 2024)<br />
* Quantification of biophysical and landscape characteristics (Q4 2026)<br />
||<br />
* Extended database for Northern Ireland of 38 years of historical MSI WL and MSL tideline (Q4 2024)<br />
* New database of historical SAR derived shorelines for designated case studies (Q4 2024)<br />
* Database of alongshore sediment transport, hydrodynamic and structure (Q3 2025)<br />
* Database of hydraulic conductivity before, during and after storms for selected case studies (Q4 2025)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''WP3''': Development of a broad-scale gravel barrier simulator<br />
||<br />
* The Coastal Modelling Environment ([[:Category:Coastal_Modeling_Environment|CoastalME]]) will be used to represent the shore between Overstrand and Blakeney.<br />
* Explore how groundwater flooding and hydraulic conductivity affects both the backshore physic-chemical properties and drivers of change of the habitats we will use the British Groundwater Model (BGWM) developed for the Hydro-JULES research programme.<br />
||<br />
* 3D model of the topography and superficial deposits of the study area (Q4 2024)<br />
* Cley Barrier groundwater simulator (Q4 2025)<br />
* Added groundwater module, habitats, gravel barrier module and human management interventions into CoastalME (Q4 2026)<br />
||<br />
* Ensemble simulations of plausible future Cley Barrier in response to changes in sea level and human interventions (Q4 2026)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
'''WP4''': Quantify interactions and management intervention thresholds<br />
||<br />
* Use the databases generated in WP1&2 and the new modelling capabilities described in WP3 to quantify the interactions and management interventions thresholds for both the Cley/Salthouse Barrier and a number of typologies representing gravel barriers around the UK.<br />
* Simulate the emergence and stability of barriers under variations in shoreface slope, rate of sea level rise and sedimentology.<br />
* Use the UKCP18, available at UK scale, and state of the art downscaling approaches and the methods used in WP1 to create an ensemble of plausible, hourly time series to force our simulations.<br />
* Use structural equation modelling (SEM) to build an overarching conceptual model will connect climate, geophysical and biogeographic drivers with landscape structure and ecosystem functioning. <br />
||<br />
* Co-development of future climate and management scenarios that will be explored (Q1 2027)<br />
* Ensemble simulations of plausible future evolutions until 2150 using hourly time series (Q1 2027) <br />
* Quantification of biophysical and landscape interactions (Q4 2027)<br />
||<br />
* Analysis on how interaction metrics might change in the future compared with historical evidence (Q4 2026);<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Outcomes ===<br />
Holistic understanding of the complex interactions and feedbacks between the sediment composition of the shallow subsurface, nearshore morphodynamics in response to both storms and sea level changes.<br />
<br />
[[File:P025917.jpg|500px|thumb|center|Coast erosion at Pakefield south of Lowestoft. The low cliffs along the coast here are composed of Glacial Sands and Gravels, a loosely-aggregated deposit that offers little resistance to the erosive action of the sea. An exceptionally high tide on November 30th 1936 enabled the waves to attack the cliffs on the north side of Beach Street, causing strips of cliff to fall and abandoned houses to collapse into the sea.]]<br />
<br />
A new community modelling system coupled with terrestrial, marine and groundwater sectors and produce numerical simulations which can be used to support multi-hazard analyses under present and future climate change scenarios. These deliverables will be combined with an assessment of the role of coastal habitats, resulting in national maps for protective services and vulnerabilities of coastal habitats to climate-driven multi-hazards. We will also provide tools to analyse the efficacy of future coastal management schemes.<br />
<br />
These will deliver a step change in the management of gravel coastlines in the UK.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
This project started in response to the NERC funding opportunity called "[https://Addressing%20environmental%20challenges:%20NERC%20highlight%20topics%202023 Addressing environmental challenges: NERC highlight topics 2023]" (Topic F: ‘Building understanding of natural coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate’). The call was considered to be well aligned with the British Geological Survey [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/strategy-2023-to-2028/ science strategy plan 2023-2028] and in particular with the strategic priority on '''living with geological hazards''': ''to mitigate and adapt to risk, we will monitor, characterise and forecast earth hazard events and their likely impacts by improving harmonisation in hazard and risk analysis, as well as focusing on hazardous climate change''. The team was officially notified on the reception of this award on the 31st of January 2024 and the project started the 1st of February of 2024. Lead Grant Reference: [https://gotw.nerc.ac.uk/list_split.asp?awardref=NE%2FY503265%2F1 NE/Y503265/1]<br />
<br />
== Media coverage ==<br />
* [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/bgs-to-lead-new-research-project-on-barrier-systems-to-support-more-sustainable-coastal-management/ BGS news 06/12/2023]<br />
<br />
* [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/andrespayo_the-ukgravelbarriers-project-in-person-kick-activity-7167813046994739200-ppV5?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop Andres Payo LinkedIn post 26/02/2024]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{author<br />
|AuthorURL=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/people/payo-garcia-andres/<br />
|AuthorFullName= Andres Payo<br />
|AuthorName= Agarcia }}<br />
<br />
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[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Potential_triggering_management_interventions&diff=59468&oldid=0Potential triggering management interventions2024-03-21T15:04:53Z<p>Created page with "== Background == <a href="/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate" title="Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate">Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate</a>"</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Background ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]]</div>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate&diff=59467&oldid=59455Category:Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate2024-03-21T14:48:54Z<p></p>
<a href="https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate&diff=59467&oldid=59455">Show changes</a>Agarciahttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Climate_Change_Projections&diff=59450&oldid=59427Climate Change Projections2024-03-18T10:10:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
<a href="https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Climate_Change_Projections&diff=59450&oldid=59427">Show changes</a>LaurenGileshttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Additional_resources&diff=59428&oldid=59413Additional resources2024-03-14T14:25:03Z<p>added climate change projections page</p>
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</table>LaurenGileshttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Climate_Change_Projections&diff=59427&oldid=0Climate Change Projections2024-03-14T14:24:11Z<p>started page</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources | Resource pages ]] >> Climate Change Projections<br />
<br />
Please cite page as: Africa Groundwater Atlas. 2023. Climate Change Projections. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ''https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Climate_Change_Projections''.<br />
<br />
==Climate Change Projections==</div>LaurenGileshttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Africa_Groundwater_Atlas_Home&diff=59426&oldid=59391Africa Groundwater Atlas Home2024-03-14T14:21:55Z<p>added climate change projections page</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===[[Solar Groundwater Pumping in Africa | Solar Groundwater Pumping in Africa]]===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===[[Solar Groundwater Pumping in Africa | Solar Groundwater Pumping in Africa]]===</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===[[Climate Change Projections | Climate Change Projections]]===</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>LaurenGileshttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Graptolites:_Ordovician_and_Silurian_biostratigraphy_-_an_excursion&diff=59425&oldid=23172Graptolites: Ordovician and Silurian biostratigraphy - an excursion2024-03-14T13:27:13Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Graptolites: Ordovician and Silurian biostratigraphy</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Graptolites: Ordovician and Silurian biostratigraphy ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Graptolites: Ordovician and Silurian biostratigraphy ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Introduction ===[[File:SWScotlandGraptolitesBiozones.jpg|thumbnail|Graptolite biozones recorded from: 1. Glenkiln Burn 2. Loup of Kilfeddar 3. Morroch Bay 4. Drumbreddan Bay and Grennan Bay 5. Clanyard Bay and Grennan Quarries (+) 6. Gillespie Burn.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Introduction ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:SWScotlandGraptolitesBiozones.jpg|thumbnail|Graptolite biozones recorded from: 1. Glenkiln Burn 2. Loup of Kilfeddar 3. Morroch Bay 4. Drumbreddan Bay and Grennan Bay 5. Clanyard Bay and Grennan Quarries (+) 6. Gillespie Burn.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By far the most commonly found fossils in the Lower Palaeozoic sequences of Southwest Scotland are graptolites. Unlike the Girvan area to the north, the region offers no localities where rich Shelly fossil assemblages can be found; but for the graptolite collector there is as wide a selection of fossiliferous horizons as anywhere in the British Isles, ranging in age from the Arenig to the Wenlock.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By far the most commonly found fossils in the Lower Palaeozoic sequences of Southwest Scotland are graptolites. Unlike the Girvan area to the north, the region offers no localities where rich Shelly fossil assemblages can be found; but for the graptolite collector there is as wide a selection of fossiliferous horizons as anywhere in the British Isles, ranging in age from the Arenig to the Wenlock.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Scotfothttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Rhins_of_Galloway_-_an_excursion&diff=59424&oldid=23169Rhins of Galloway - an excursion2024-03-13T23:08:15Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">10 West Tarbet: Hawick Group</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== 10 West Tarbet: Hawick Group ====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== 10 West Tarbet: Hawick Group ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RhinsOfGallowayWestTarbetExcursionMap.jpg|400px|thumbnail|Locality map and outline geology for the West Tarbet area (Locality 10).]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:RhinsOfGallowayWestTarbetExcursionMap.jpg|400px|thumbnail|Locality map and outline geology for the West Tarbet area (Locality 10).]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From Low Clanyard continue south and then east on the minor road to join the B7041 at Kirkmaiden. Drive south on the B7041 for 3 km and take the left-hand fork for the Mull of Galloway. On reaching the narrow isthmus at West Tarbet (Figure 52) turn right and park at the side of the road next to the track (142 309). This locality must be visited within three hours either side of low tide.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>From Low Clanyard continue south and then east on the minor road to join the B7041 at Kirkmaiden. Drive south on the B7041 for 3 km and take the left-hand fork for the Mull of Galloway. On reaching the narrow isthmus at West Tarbet (Figure 52) turn right and park at the side of the road next to the track (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NX </ins>142 309). This locality must be visited within three hours either side of low tide.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The platform between the bays at East and West Tarbet '''(10a '''in Figure 52) is covered by a layer of rounded pebbles and may be a late-glacial kame terrace. A small area of raised beach is visible in the bay below. The isthmus has formed by erosion along the major ENE trending Tarbet Fault. From the platform walk down to the northern foreshore of the bay at West Tarbet (NX 140 309). The position of the fault is indicated by a felsitic mass intruded along it and exposed in the centre of the bay '''(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1013</del>). '''The pale green Hawick Group lirhologies exposed both north and south of the fault are turbidites, but much finer grained than those of the Gala Group seen at the previous three localities, and with a calcareous matrix. They are part of the Carghidown Formation and north of the fault form the Leucarron Member of McCurry (1989). This is a sequence of fine-grained <sup>-</sup>T<sub>ace</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ade</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ee</sub>,<sub> </sub>and T<sub>de </sub>turbidites with thick mudstone interbeds intercalated with packets of coarser channelised T<sub>ade</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ace </sub>turbidites.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The platform between the bays at East and West Tarbet '''(10a '''in Figure 52) is covered by a layer of rounded pebbles and may be a late-glacial kame terrace. A small area of raised beach is visible in the bay below. The isthmus has formed by erosion along the major ENE trending Tarbet Fault. From the platform walk down to the northern foreshore of the bay at West Tarbet (NX 140 309). The position of the fault is indicated by a felsitic mass intruded along it and exposed in the centre of the bay '''(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10B</ins>). '''The pale green Hawick Group lirhologies exposed both north and south of the fault are turbidites, but much finer grained than those of the Gala Group seen at the previous three localities, and with a calcareous matrix. They are part of the Carghidown Formation and north of the fault form the Leucarron Member of McCurry (1989). This is a sequence of fine-grained <sup>-</sup>T<sub>ace</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ade</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ee</sub>,<sub> </sub>and T<sub>de </sub>turbidites with thick mudstone interbeds intercalated with packets of coarser channelised T<sub>ade</sub>,<sub> </sub>T<sub>ace </sub>turbidites.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For 120 m along the northern shore of the bay the strata are contorted into a series of unusual tight-to-open, post F1 folds '''(10c). '''With increased distance from the Tarbet Fault the folds develop a strong sinistral vergence and plunge moderately to steeply SE. They approach a parallel style, with little or no hinge thickening, and have a chevron geometry. Towards the fault they become increasingly brecciated, develop strong coaxial refolding and plunge moderately NE. Although they fold the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SI </del>cleavage, only a few hinges have developed a weak coaxial crenulation cleavage. [[File:P008512.jpg|350px|thumbnail|left|West Tarbet, Mull of Galloway. Steeply-plunging minor folds in greywackes of the Hawick Group, Silurian. P008512]]Examples of this planar crenulation can be seen in folds within the cliffs 30 m east of the prominent shallow cave (10d); since the cleavage is axial planar to the folds its orientation varies with the hinge orientation. Commonly both hinge and cleavage are coaxially refolded by later uncleaved folds of the same deformation, showing that this weak cleavage is an early-formed feature. These distinctive folds are probably linked with isomorphic folds seen elsewhere in the southern Rhins which are spatially associated with major late <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">D I </del>thrusts. The folds at West Tarbet are restricted to a 120 rn-wide zone between the Tarbet Fault and a major north—south-trending sinistral wrench fault. The latter structure has been eroded to form the prominent Mull Glen (NX 139 310) within which the folds are spectacularly exposed '''(10e).'''</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For 120 m along the northern shore of the bay the strata are contorted into a series of unusual tight-to-open, post F1 folds '''(10c). '''With increased distance from the Tarbet Fault the folds develop a strong sinistral vergence and plunge moderately to steeply SE. They approach a parallel style, with little or no hinge thickening, and have a chevron geometry. Towards the fault they become increasingly brecciated, develop strong coaxial refolding and plunge moderately NE. Although they fold the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">S1 </ins>cleavage, only a few hinges have developed a weak coaxial crenulation cleavage. [[File:P008512.jpg|350px|thumbnail|left|West Tarbet, Mull of Galloway. Steeply-plunging minor folds in greywackes of the Hawick Group, Silurian. P008512]]Examples of this planar crenulation can be seen in folds within the cliffs 30 m east of the prominent shallow cave (10d); since the cleavage is axial planar to the folds its orientation varies with the hinge orientation. Commonly both hinge and cleavage are coaxially refolded by later uncleaved folds of the same deformation, showing that this weak cleavage is an early-formed feature. These distinctive folds are probably linked with isomorphic folds seen elsewhere in the southern Rhins which are spatially associated with major late <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">D1 </ins>thrusts. The folds at West Tarbet are restricted to a 120 rn-wide zone between the Tarbet Fault and a major north—south-trending sinistral wrench fault. The latter structure has been eroded to form the prominent Mull Glen (NX 139 310) within which the folds are spectacularly exposed '''(10e).'''</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Proceed over the promontory on the west side of the glen, crossing overturned, south-younging beds on the steep limb of a major NW-verging F1 fold pair. On the far side of the promontory, a bedding sole is covered in large well-formed flute casts (10f).''' '''Like most sole current structures in the Leucarron Member these indicate palaeoflow from the SE. This contrasts with the NW- and NE-derived currents that typify the Hawick Group elsewhere in the Southern Uplands. Ripples on a bedding surface on the opposite side of a small bay (10g) indicate palaeoflow at a high angle to that of the flute casts. Thisstrong divergence in flow direction between sole markings and ripples is not uncommon.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Proceed over the promontory on the west side of the glen, crossing overturned, south-younging beds on the steep limb of a major NW-verging F1 fold pair. On the far side of the promontory, a bedding sole is covered in large well-formed flute casts (10f).''' '''Like most sole current structures in the Leucarron Member these indicate palaeoflow from the SE. This contrasts with the NW- and NE-derived currents that typify the Hawick Group elsewhere in the Southern Uplands. Ripples on a bedding surface on the opposite side of a small bay (10g) indicate palaeoflow at a high angle to that of the flute casts. Thisstrong divergence in flow direction between sole markings and ripples is not uncommon.</div></td></tr>
</table>Scotfothttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=M.S._Johnston_album_2_-_index,_GA_%27Carreck_Archive%27&diff=59423&oldid=59385M.S. Johnston album 2 - index, GA 'Carreck Archive'2024-03-02T15:01:52Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Page 71: </span> [User: Jenmbrz] poem finished</span></p>
<a href="https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=M.S._Johnston_album_2_-_index,_GA_%27Carreck_Archive%27&diff=59423&oldid=59385">Show changes</a>Jenmbrzhttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Kingsley_Charles_Dunham_Sir&diff=59416&oldid=49490Kingsley Charles Dunham Sir2024-02-29T15:56:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Biographies and obituaries</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sabine P. Dunham, Sir Kingsley Charles Oxford Dictionary of National Biography https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/75702</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Sabine P. Dunham, Sir Kingsley Charles Oxford Dictionary of National Biography https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/75702</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/About/History/Obituaries-2001-onwards/Obituaries-2001/Sir-Kingsley-Charles-Dunham-1910-2001 Sir Kingsley Charles Dunham, 1910 - 2001] Obituaries. Geological Society of London</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Publications ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Publications ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Scotfothttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=John_Graham_Comrie_Anderson&diff=59415&oldid=59414John Graham Comrie Anderson2024-02-29T15:41:42Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/017_070__anderson_1485103769.pdf Professor John Graham Comrie Anderson, 1910-2002]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/017_070__anderson_1485103769.pdf Professor John Graham Comrie Anderson, 1910-2002] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 114, 275-278.</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Scotfothttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=John_Graham_Comrie_Anderson&diff=59414&oldid=0John Graham Comrie Anderson2024-02-29T15:23:20Z<p>Created page with "== Timeline == {| class="wikitable" ! Date !! Details |- | 1910 || Born |- | 1935-1937|| Glasgow University |- | 1935|| PhD |- | 1936-1937|| Temporary lecturer, St. Andrews |- | 1937|| Appointed to the Geological Survey in Edinburgh |- | 1945|| D.Sc. Glasgow |- | 1949|| Chair of Geology, University College, Cardiff |- | 2002|| Died |} == Biographies and obituaries == [https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/017_070__anderson_1485103769.pdf Professor J..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Timeline ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! Date !! Details<br />
|-<br />
| 1910 || Born<br />
|-<br />
| 1935-1937|| Glasgow University<br />
|-<br />
| 1935|| PhD<br />
|-<br />
| 1936-1937|| Temporary lecturer, St. Andrews<br />
|-<br />
| 1937|| Appointed to the Geological Survey in Edinburgh<br />
|-<br />
| 1945|| D.Sc. Glasgow<br />
|-<br />
| 1949|| Chair of Geology, University College, Cardiff<br />
|-<br />
| 2002|| Died<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Biographies and obituaries ==<br />
<br />
[https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/017_070__anderson_1485103769.pdf Professor John Graham Comrie Anderson, 1910-2002]<br />
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[[Category:Pioneers of the British Geological Survey]]</div>Scotfothttps://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Additional_resources&diff=59413&oldid=59395Additional resources2024-02-28T14:54:44Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Information resources on groundwater in Africa</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:54, 28 February 2024</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:- [[Groundwater quality in Africa | Groundwater quality in Africa]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:- [[Groundwater quality in Africa | Groundwater quality in Africa]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===[[Hydrogeology Maps Of Africa | Overview of groundwater and hydrogeological maps of Africa]]===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===[[Hydrogeology Maps Of Africa | Overview of groundwater and hydrogeological maps of Africa]]===</div></td></tr>
</table>LaurenGiles