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'''From: McMillan, A.A., Gillanders, R.J. and Fairhurst, J.A. 1999 Building stones of Edinburgh. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Geological Society.'''
The contents of this guidebook have been converted for [[Main Page|Earthwise<sup>TM</sup>]]
Contents
Contents
Foreword
Foreword
Contents
Contents
Preface to the 2nd Edition
Preface to the 2nd Edition
Preface to the 3rd Edition
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh - introduction|Chapter 1 the City of Edinburgh and its geological backdrop]]
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: geological characteristics of building stones|Chapter 2 the geological characteristics of building stones]]
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh - introduction|Chapter 1 the City of Edinburgh and its geological backdrop]] ==
Introduction
=== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings]] ===
Sedimentary rocks
 
Sandstones
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: geological characteristics of building stones|Chapter 2 the geological characteristics of building stones]] ==
Bedding characteristics
 
Sedimentary structures in sandstones
:Introduction
Joints
 
Classification of sandstones: mineralogy, grain and cement composition and colour
:Sedimentary rocks
Weathering
 
Limestones
::Sandstones
Igneous rocks
 
Metamorphic rocks
:::Bedding characteristics
Slate
 
Marble
:::Sedimentary structures in sandstones
References
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: stratigraphy and origin of sandstones|Chapter 3 Stratigraphy and origin of sandstones used in Edinburgh]]
:::Joints
Geological setting
 
Scottish Devonian sandstone ('Old Red Sandstone')
:::Classification of sandstones: mineralogy, grain and cement composition and colour
Sandstones of Angus
 
Caithness Flagstones
:::Weathering
Carboniferous sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland
 
Inyerclyde Group
::Limestones
Kinnesswood Formation
 
Ballagan Formation
:Igneous rocks
Strathclyde Group
 
Arthur's Seat Volcanic Formation and Gullane Formation
:Metamorphic rocks
West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation
 
Clackmannan Group
::Slate
Lower Limestone Formation
 
Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations
::Marble
Passage Formation
 
Coal Measures
:References
 
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: stratigraphy and origin of sandstones|Chapter 3 Stratigraphy and origin of sandstones used in Edinburgh]] ==
 
:Geological setting
 
:Scottish Devonian sandstone ('Old Red Sandstone')
 
::Sandstones of Angus
 
:Caithness Flagstones
 
:Carboniferous sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland
 
::Inyerclyde Group
 
:::Kinnesswood Formation
 
:::Ballagan Formation
 
::Strathclyde Group
 
:::Arthur's Seat Volcanic Formation and Gullane Formation
 
:::West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation
 
::Clackmannan Group
 
:::Lower Limestone Formation
 
:::Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations
 
:::Passage Formation
 
:Coal Measures
 
Permian and Triassic Sandstone ('New Red Sandstone') of Dumfries & Galloway and Ayrshire
Permian and Triassic Sandstone ('New Red Sandstone') of Dumfries & Galloway and Ayrshire
Appleby Group
 
Locharbriggs Sandstone Formation
::Appleby Group
Thornhill Sandstone Formation
 
Corncockle Sandstone Formation
:::Locharbriggs Sandstone Formation
Mauchline Sandstone Formation
 
Sherwood Sandstone Group
:::Thornhill Sandstone Formation
St Bees Sandstone Formation
 
Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of Moray
:::Corncockle Sandstone Formation
Carboniferous sandstone from the Scottish Borders and England Lower Carboniferous
 
Cementstone Group
:::Mauchline Sandstone Formation
Fell Sandstone Group
 
Scremerston Coal Group
::Sherwood Sandstone Group
Lower and Middle Limestone Groups
 
Millstone Grit
:::St Bees Sandstone Formation
Coal Measures
 
Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of England
:Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of Moray
References
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Chapter 4 Tests on building stones]]
:Carboniferous sandstone from the Scottish Borders and England
History
 
Current methods of testing
::Lower Carboniferous
Tests used as indicators of durability
 
Porosity
:::Cementstone Group
Water absorption
 
Saturation coefficient
:::Fell Sandstone Group
Acid immersion test
 
Sodium sulphate crystallisation test
:::Scremerston Coal Group
The mechanical properties of stone
 
Strength tests
:::Lower and Middle Limestone Groups
Uniaxial or unconfined compression test
 
The point-load test
::Millstone Grit
Hardness
 
References
::Coal Measures
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: quarrying methods|Chapter 5 Quarrying methods]]
 
Working of the stone
:Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of England
Organisation of work
 
The workmen
:References
References
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: use and availability of sandstones|Chapter 6 The use and availability of sandstone in Edinburgh]]
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Chapter 4 Tests on building stones]] ==
Methods of walling
 
Surface finishes
:History
Smoothed ashlar
 
Droved (boasted) work
:Current methods of testing
Tooled work
 
Stugged (punched) work
:Tests used as indicators of durability
Broached work
 
Rock-faced (bull-faced, pitch-faced, rusticated) work
::Porosity
Vermiculated work
 
Cladding
::Water absorption
Use of different stone in the same building
 
Availability of stone: an historical perspective
::Saturation coefficient
References
 
Chapter 7 Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: Part 1. Edinburgh's Quarries and their Building Stone Products
::Acid immersion test
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Kinnesswood Formation|Stone from the Kinnesswood Formation]]
 
::Sodium sulphate crystallisation test
 
:The mechanical properties of stone
 
::Strength tests
 
::Uniaxial or unconfined compression test
 
::The point-load test
 
::Hardness
 
:References
 
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: quarrying methods|Chapter 5 Quarrying methods]] ==
 
:Working of the stone
 
:Organisation of work
 
:The workmen
 
:References
 
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: use and availability of sandstones|Chapter 6 The use and availability of sandstone in Edinburgh]] ==
 
:Methods of walling
 
:Surface finishes
 
::Smoothed ashlar
 
::Droved (boasted) work
 
::Tooled work
 
::Stugged (punched) work
 
::Broached work
 
::Rock-faced (bull-faced, pitch-faced, rusticated) work
 
::Vermiculated work
 
:Cladding
 
:Use of different stone in the same building
 
:Availability of stone: an historical perspective
 
:References
 
== Chapter 7 Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: Part 1. Edinburgh's quarries and their building stone products ==
 
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Kinnesswood Formation|Stone from the Kinnesswood Formation]]
 
Burgh Muir (Meadows and Bruntsheld) and Grange Quarries
Burgh Muir (Meadows and Bruntsheld) and Grange Quarries
Craigmillar and Hawkhill Wood Quarries
Craigmillar and Hawkhill Wood Quarries
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Ballagan Formation|Stone from the Ballagan Formation]]
 
The 'Salisbury' Quarries (Camstone and Dumbiedykes)
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Ballagan Formation|Stone from the Ballagan Formation]]
Salisbury Crags Quarries
 
Greyfriar's Port Quarries
::The 'Salisbury' Quarries (Camstone and Dumbiedykes)
Other Old Town Quarries
 
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Gullane Formation|Stone from the Gullane Formation]]
::Salisbury Crags Quarries
Craigleith
 
Maidencraig
::Greyfriar's Port Quarries
Barnton Park
 
Ravelston
::Other Old Town Quarries
Craigcrook
 
Granton Quarries
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Gullane Formation|Stone from the Gullane Formation]]
Bearford's Quarries
 
Upper Quarry Holes (London Road Quarries) and Lower (Nether) Quarry Holes
::Craigleith
Quarries In the West End of the New Town
 
Broughton Quarries
::Maidencraig
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation|Stone from the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation]]
 
Ravelston No. 2 and Ravelston Black
::Barnton Park
Leith Hill
 
Wardie
::Ravelston
Hailes
 
Redhall
::Craigcrook
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations|Stone from the Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations]]
 
Joppa Quarries
::Granton Quarries
Niddrie
 
Chapter 8. Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: part .2 Scottish and English quarries and their building stone products
::Bearford's Quarries
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness|Stone from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness]]
 
Carmyllie and Leoch
::Upper Quarry Holes (London Road Quarries) and Lower (Nether) Quarry Holes
Caithness
 
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of West Lothian|Stone from the Carboniferous of West Lothian]]
::Quarries In the West End of the New Town
Binny
 
Hermand
::Broughton Quarries
Dalmeny
 
Humble
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation|Stone from the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation]]
Craigton
 
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of Fife|Stone from the Carboniferous of Fife]]
::Ravelston No. 2 and Ravelston Black
Grange
 
Newbigging
::Leith Hill
Cuhalo
 
Clunevar
::Wardie
Fordell
 
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas]]
::Hailes
Bishopbriggs Quarries
 
Kenmure and Huntershill
::Redhall
Plean
 
Dullatur
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations|Stone from the Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations]]
Polmaise
 
Dunmore
::Joppa Quarries
Giffnock
 
Braehead
::Niddrie
Auchintea
 
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England]]
== Chapter 8. Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: part .2 Scottish and English quarries and their building stone products ==
Swinton and Whitsome Newton
 
Fairloans
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness|Stone from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness]]
Doddington
 
Craggo
::Carmyllie and Leoch
Blaxter
 
Darney
::Caithness
Prudham
 
Gunnerton
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of West Lothian|Stone from the Carboniferous of West Lothian]]
Dunhouse
 
Stainton
::Binny
Catcastle
 
Wewield
::Hermand
Stoke Hall
 
Stanton Moor
::Dalmeny
Stancliffe
 
Springwell
::Humbie
Woodkirk
 
Heworthburn
::Craigton
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Permian and Triassic New Red Sandstone of Dumfries & Galloway and Cumbria|Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Dumfries & Galloway and Cumbria]]
 
Locharbriggs
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of Fife|Stone from the Carboniferous of Fife]]
Corncockle
 
Gatetawbridge
::Grange
Closeburn
 
Corsehill
::Newbigging
Lazonby
 
Moat
::Cuhalo
[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Permian and Triassic New Red Sandstone of Moray|Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Moray]]
 
Clashach
::Clunevar
Spynie
 
References
::Fordell
Appendix 1 Glossary
 
[[Sandstone quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings - locations and stratigraphy|Appendix 2 Sandstone quarries: locations and stratigraphy]]
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas]]
[[Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings - alphabetical list by building|Appendix 3 Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings]]
 
Appendix 4 dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries appendix properties of building stones:
::Bishopbriggs Quarries
A. Comparative table of data
 
[[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Appendix 5 Properties of building stones]]
::Kenmure and Huntershill
B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones
 
C. Bibliography
::Plean
Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries
 
::Dullatur
 
::Polmaise
 
::Dunmore
 
::Giffnock
 
::Braehead
 
::Auchintea
 
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England|Stone from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England]]
 
::Swinton and Whitsome Newton
 
::Fairloans
 
::Doddington
 
::Craggo
 
::Blaxter
 
::Darney
 
::Prudham
 
::Gunnerton
 
::Dunhouse
 
::Stainton
 
::Catcastle
 
::Wewield
 
::Stoke Hall
 
::Stanton Moor
 
::Stancliffe
 
::Springwell
 
::Woodkirk
 
::Heworthburn
 
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Permian and Triassic New Red Sandstone of Dumfries & Galloway and Cumbria|Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Dumfries & Galloway and Cumbria]]
 
::Locharbriggs
 
::Corncockle
 
::Gatetawbridge
 
::Closeburn
 
::Corsehill
 
::Lazonby
 
::Moat
 
:[[Building stones in Edinburgh from the Permian and Triassic New Red Sandstone of Moray|Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Moray]]
 
::Clashach
 
::Spynie
 
:References
 
== [[Glossary of terms relating to building stones of Edinburgh|Appendix 1 Glossary]] ==
 
== [[Sandstone quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings - locations and stratigraphy|Appendix 2 Sandstone quarries: locations and stratigraphy]] ==
 
== [[Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings - alphabetical list by building|Appendix 3 Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings]] ==
 
== [[Dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected Edinburgh sandstone quarries|Appendix 4 Dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries]] ==
 
== [[Building stones of Edinburgh: tests and properties|Appendix 5 Properties of building stones]] ==
 
:B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones
 
:C. Bibliography
 
== Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries ==
 
Index
Index
[[Category:Edinburgh Geological Society]]
[[category:Building stones]]

Latest revision as of 14:48, 8 November 2015

From: McMillan, A.A., Gillanders, R.J. and Fairhurst, J.A. 1999 Building stones of Edinburgh. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Geological Society.

The contents of this guidebook have been converted for EarthwiseTM


Contents

Foreword

Contents

Preface to the 2nd Edition


Chapter 1 the City of Edinburgh and its geological backdrop

Building stones of Edinburgh: Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings

Chapter 2 the geological characteristics of building stones

Introduction
Sedimentary rocks
Sandstones
Bedding characteristics
Sedimentary structures in sandstones
Joints
Classification of sandstones: mineralogy, grain and cement composition and colour
Weathering
Limestones
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Slate
Marble
References

Chapter 3 Stratigraphy and origin of sandstones used in Edinburgh

Geological setting
Scottish Devonian sandstone ('Old Red Sandstone')
Sandstones of Angus
Caithness Flagstones
Carboniferous sandstone of the Midland Valley of Scotland
Inyerclyde Group
Kinnesswood Formation
Ballagan Formation
Strathclyde Group
Arthur's Seat Volcanic Formation and Gullane Formation
West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation
Clackmannan Group
Lower Limestone Formation
Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations
Passage Formation
Coal Measures

Permian and Triassic Sandstone ('New Red Sandstone') of Dumfries & Galloway and Ayrshire

Appleby Group
Locharbriggs Sandstone Formation
Thornhill Sandstone Formation
Corncockle Sandstone Formation
Mauchline Sandstone Formation
Sherwood Sandstone Group
St Bees Sandstone Formation
Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of Moray
Carboniferous sandstone from the Scottish Borders and England
Lower Carboniferous
Cementstone Group
Fell Sandstone Group
Scremerston Coal Group
Lower and Middle Limestone Groups
Millstone Grit
Coal Measures
Permian and Triassic Sandstone New Red Sandstone of England
References

Chapter 4 Tests on building stones

History
Current methods of testing
Tests used as indicators of durability
Porosity
Water absorption
Saturation coefficient
Acid immersion test
Sodium sulphate crystallisation test
The mechanical properties of stone
Strength tests
Uniaxial or unconfined compression test
The point-load test
Hardness
References

Chapter 5 Quarrying methods

Working of the stone
Organisation of work
The workmen
References

Chapter 6 The use and availability of sandstone in Edinburgh

Methods of walling
Surface finishes
Smoothed ashlar
Droved (boasted) work
Tooled work
Stugged (punched) work
Broached work
Rock-faced (bull-faced, pitch-faced, rusticated) work
Vermiculated work
Cladding
Use of different stone in the same building
Availability of stone: an historical perspective
References

Chapter 7 Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: Part 1. Edinburgh's quarries and their building stone products

Stone from the Kinnesswood Formation

Burgh Muir (Meadows and Bruntsheld) and Grange Quarries

Craigmillar and Hawkhill Wood Quarries

Stone from the Ballagan Formation
The 'Salisbury' Quarries (Camstone and Dumbiedykes)
Salisbury Crags Quarries
Greyfriar's Port Quarries
Other Old Town Quarries
Stone from the Gullane Formation
Craigleith
Maidencraig
Barnton Park
Ravelston
Craigcrook
Granton Quarries
Bearford's Quarries
Upper Quarry Holes (London Road Quarries) and Lower (Nether) Quarry Holes
Quarries In the West End of the New Town
Broughton Quarries
Stone from the West Lothian Oil-Shale Formation
Ravelston No. 2 and Ravelston Black
Leith Hill
Wardie
Hailes
Redhall
Stone from the Limestone Coal and Upper Limestone Formations
Joppa Quarries
Niddrie

Chapter 8. Where to see sandstones in Edinburgh's buildings: part .2 Scottish and English quarries and their building stone products

Stone from the Devonian of Angus and Caithness
Carmyllie and Leoch
Caithness
Stone from the Carboniferous of West Lothian
Binny
Hermand
Dalmeny
Humbie
Craigton
Stone from the Carboniferous of Fife
Grange
Newbigging
Cuhalo
Clunevar
Fordell
Stone from the Carboniferous of the Stirling and Glasgow areas
Bishopbriggs Quarries
Kenmure and Huntershill
Plean
Dullatur
Polmaise
Dunmore
Giffnock
Braehead
Auchintea
Stone from the Carboniferous of the Scottish Borders and England
Swinton and Whitsome Newton
Fairloans
Doddington
Craggo
Blaxter
Darney
Prudham
Gunnerton
Dunhouse
Stainton
Catcastle
Wewield
Stoke Hall
Stanton Moor
Stancliffe
Springwell
Woodkirk
Heworthburn
Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Dumfries & Galloway and Cumbria
Locharbriggs
Corncockle
Gatetawbridge
Closeburn
Corsehill
Lazonby
Moat
Stone from the Permian and Triassic (New Red Sandstone) of Moray
Clashach
Spynie
References

Appendix 1 Glossary

Appendix 2 Sandstone quarries: locations and stratigraphy

Appendix 3 Quarry sources for Edinburgh's buildings

Appendix 4 Dates of operation and peak numbers employed in selected sandstone quarries

Appendix 5 Properties of building stones

B. Localities, descriptions and properties of building stones
C. Bibliography

Appendix 6 fossil trees from Craigleith, Granton and Redhall quarries

Index

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