Geology of the Llanidloes area: Geological description - Ordovician: Difference between revisions

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===Ashgill slope-apron succession===
===Ashgill slope-apron succession===
The Ordovician rocks of the Llanidloes district are entirely of Ashgill age, and crop out within a series of named inliers in the central, western and northern parts of the district ([[Media:P930911_Figure1.jpg |'''Figure P930911''']]).  The inliers form a series of second-order periclinal folds (‘domes’) within the larger Teifi Anticlinorium and Central Wales Syncline (Jones, 1912<ref name="Jones 1912">Jones, O T. 1912. The geological structure of Central Wales and the adjoining regions. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol.&nbsp;68, 328–344.</ref>), two of the dominant structural features of mid Wales.  The oldest Ashgill strata are a succession of predominantly turbiditic slope-apron sediments at least 200&nbsp;m thick, represented by the '''Nant-y-Môch Formation (NF)''' and '''Dolhir Formation (Dolh)'''.  The Nant‑y‑Môch Formation is composed of thinly interbedded bioturbated mudstone, siltstone and sandstone, with units of hemipelagic mudstone, exposed within the Plynlimon Inlier in the westernmost part of the district.  The corresponding Dolhir Formation, which crops out within the Carno Inlier in the north, is a more proximal slope facies comprising sandy, burrow-mottled mudstones with locally abundant shelly detritus.  Although the boundary between the two formations is thought to be transitional, it is obscured by later strata and its nature cannot be determined with certainty.
The Ordovician rocks of the Llanidloes district are entirely of Ashgill age, and crop out within a series of named inliers in the central, western and northern parts of the district ([[Media:P930911.jpg |'''Figure P930911''']]).  The inliers form a series of second-order periclinal folds (‘domes’) within the larger Teifi Anticlinorium and Central Wales Syncline (Jones, 1912<ref name="Jones 1912">Jones, O T. 1912. The geological structure of Central Wales and the adjoining regions. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol.&nbsp;68, 328–344.</ref>), two of the dominant structural features of mid Wales.  The oldest Ashgill strata are a succession of predominantly turbiditic slope-apron sediments at least 200&nbsp;m thick, represented by the '''Nant-y-Môch Formation (NF)''' and '''Dolhir Formation (Dolh)'''.  The Nant‑y‑Môch Formation is composed of thinly interbedded bioturbated mudstone, siltstone and sandstone, with units of hemipelagic mudstone, exposed within the Plynlimon Inlier in the westernmost part of the district.  The corresponding Dolhir Formation, which crops out within the Carno Inlier in the north, is a more proximal slope facies comprising sandy, burrow-mottled mudstones with locally abundant shelly detritus.  Although the boundary between the two formations is thought to be transitional, it is obscured by later strata and its nature cannot be determined with certainty.


For the succeeding stratigraphy, the term ‘Yr Allt Formation’, widely used on BGS maps throughout central Wales, has been abandoned and the equivalent rocks included in the Drosgol and Brynglas formations (see Davies et al., 2009<ref name="Davies 2009">Davies, J R, Waters, R A, Williams, M, Wilson, D, Schofield, D I, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 2009. Sedimentary and faunal events as revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in the Welsh Basin, UK. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;44, 322–340.</ref>; Cave and Hains, 1986<ref name="Cave 1986">Cave, R, and Hains, B A. 1986. Geology of the country between Aberystwyth and Machynlleth. Memoir of the British Geological Survey. Sheet 163 (England and Wales).</ref>). The Nant‑y‑Môch and Dolhir formations are both succeeded by the '''Drosgol Formation (DF)''', a thick unit (up to 450&nbsp;m) of slumped and destratified mudstone and sandstone (‘disturbed beds’), generated by multiple slope failures due to the rapid build-up and concomitant oversteepening of a prograding sediment pile.  The high rates of sedimentation that accompanied slope progradation were a result of glacioeustatic regression during the late Ashgill Hirnantian stage (Brenchley et al., 2006<ref name="Brenchley 2006">Brenchley, P J, Marshall, J D, Harper, D A T, Buttler, C J, and Underwood, C J. 2006. A late Ordovician (Hirnantian) karstic surface in a submarine channel, recording glacio-eustatic sea-level changes: Meifod, central Wales. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;41, 1–22.</ref>; Davies et al., 1997<ref name="Davies 1997">Davies, J R, Fletcher, C J N, Waters, R A, Wilson, D, Woodhall, D G, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 1997. Geology of the country around Llanilar and Rhayader. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 178 and 179 (England and Wales).</ref>.  The uppermost part of the Drosgol Formation is represented by the '''Pencerrigtewion Member (PtM)''', a series of amalgamated submarine channel-fill deposits and turbidite lobes (Cave and Hains, 1986<ref name="Cave 1986"></ref>; James, 1983<ref name="James 1983">James, D M D. 1983. Sedimentation of deep-water slope-base and inner-fan deposits&nbsp;—&nbsp;the Drosgol Formation (Ashgill), west central Wales. Sedimentary Geology, Vol.&nbsp;34, 21–40.</ref>), comprising up to 180&nbsp;m of thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic sandstone, massive high-matrix sandstone and subordinate mudstone with much evidence of slumping and dewatering. The Pencerrigtewion Member crops out mainly in the Plynlimon and Van inliers, and represents the maximum glacial lowstand when the shelf and slope were effectively bypassed, and coarse sediment was delivered directly to the basin floor (Davies et al., 2009<ref name="Davies 2009">Davies, J R, Waters, R A, Williams, M, Wilson, D, Schofield, D I, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 2009. Sedimentary and faunal events as revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in the Welsh Basin, UK. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;44, 322–340.</ref>).
For the succeeding stratigraphy, the term ‘Yr Allt Formation’, widely used on BGS maps throughout central Wales, has been abandoned and the equivalent rocks included in the Drosgol and Brynglas formations (see Davies et al., 2009<ref name="Davies 2009">Davies, J R, Waters, R A, Williams, M, Wilson, D, Schofield, D I, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 2009. Sedimentary and faunal events as revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in the Welsh Basin, UK. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;44, 322–340.</ref>; Cave and Hains, 1986<ref name="Cave 1986">Cave, R, and Hains, B A. 1986. Geology of the country between Aberystwyth and Machynlleth. Memoir of the British Geological Survey. Sheet 163 (England and Wales).</ref>). The Nant‑y‑Môch and Dolhir formations are both succeeded by the '''Drosgol Formation (DF)''', a thick unit (up to 450&nbsp;m) of slumped and destratified mudstone and sandstone (‘disturbed beds’), generated by multiple slope failures due to the rapid build-up and concomitant oversteepening of a prograding sediment pile.  The high rates of sedimentation that accompanied slope progradation were a result of glacioeustatic regression during the late Ashgill Hirnantian stage (Brenchley et al., 2006<ref name="Brenchley 2006">Brenchley, P J, Marshall, J D, Harper, D A T, Buttler, C J, and Underwood, C J. 2006. A late Ordovician (Hirnantian) karstic surface in a submarine channel, recording glacio-eustatic sea-level changes: Meifod, central Wales. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;41, 1–22.</ref>; Davies et al., 1997<ref name="Davies 1997">Davies, J R, Fletcher, C J N, Waters, R A, Wilson, D, Woodhall, D G, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 1997. Geology of the country around Llanilar and Rhayader. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 178 and 179 (England and Wales).</ref>.  The uppermost part of the Drosgol Formation is represented by the '''Pencerrigtewion Member (PtM)''', a series of amalgamated submarine channel-fill deposits and turbidite lobes (Cave and Hains, 1986<ref name="Cave 1986"></ref>; James, 1983<ref name="James 1983">James, D M D. 1983. Sedimentation of deep-water slope-base and inner-fan deposits&nbsp;—&nbsp;the Drosgol Formation (Ashgill), west central Wales. Sedimentary Geology, Vol.&nbsp;34, 21–40.</ref>), comprising up to 180&nbsp;m of thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic sandstone, massive high-matrix sandstone and subordinate mudstone with much evidence of slumping and dewatering. The Pencerrigtewion Member crops out mainly in the Plynlimon and Van inliers, and represents the maximum glacial lowstand when the shelf and slope were effectively bypassed, and coarse sediment was delivered directly to the basin floor (Davies et al., 2009<ref name="Davies 2009">Davies, J R, Waters, R A, Williams, M, Wilson, D, Schofield, D I, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 2009. Sedimentary and faunal events as revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in the Welsh Basin, UK. Geological Journal, Vol.&nbsp;44, 322–340.</ref>).

Revision as of 08:24, 21 June 2016

This page is part of a category of pages providing a summary of the geology of the Llanidloes district (British Geological Survey Sheet 164).
Links to other pages in this category can be found at the foot of the page.

Authors: Wilson, D, Burt, C E, Davies, J R, Hall, M, Jones, N S, Leslie, A B, Lusty, P A J, Wilby, P R, and Aspden, J A.

Ashgill slope-apron succession

The Ordovician rocks of the Llanidloes district are entirely of Ashgill age, and crop out within a series of named inliers in the central, western and northern parts of the district (Figure P930911). The inliers form a series of second-order periclinal folds (‘domes’) within the larger Teifi Anticlinorium and Central Wales Syncline (Jones, 1912[1]), two of the dominant structural features of mid Wales. The oldest Ashgill strata are a succession of predominantly turbiditic slope-apron sediments at least 200 m thick, represented by the Nant-y-Môch Formation (NF) and Dolhir Formation (Dolh). The Nant‑y‑Môch Formation is composed of thinly interbedded bioturbated mudstone, siltstone and sandstone, with units of hemipelagic mudstone, exposed within the Plynlimon Inlier in the westernmost part of the district. The corresponding Dolhir Formation, which crops out within the Carno Inlier in the north, is a more proximal slope facies comprising sandy, burrow-mottled mudstones with locally abundant shelly detritus. Although the boundary between the two formations is thought to be transitional, it is obscured by later strata and its nature cannot be determined with certainty.

For the succeeding stratigraphy, the term ‘Yr Allt Formation’, widely used on BGS maps throughout central Wales, has been abandoned and the equivalent rocks included in the Drosgol and Brynglas formations (see Davies et al., 2009[2]; Cave and Hains, 1986[3]). The Nant‑y‑Môch and Dolhir formations are both succeeded by the Drosgol Formation (DF), a thick unit (up to 450 m) of slumped and destratified mudstone and sandstone (‘disturbed beds’), generated by multiple slope failures due to the rapid build-up and concomitant oversteepening of a prograding sediment pile. The high rates of sedimentation that accompanied slope progradation were a result of glacioeustatic regression during the late Ashgill Hirnantian stage (Brenchley et al., 2006[4]; Davies et al., 1997[5]. The uppermost part of the Drosgol Formation is represented by the Pencerrigtewion Member (PtM), a series of amalgamated submarine channel-fill deposits and turbidite lobes (Cave and Hains, 1986[3]; James, 1983[6]), comprising up to 180 m of thick-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic sandstone, massive high-matrix sandstone and subordinate mudstone with much evidence of slumping and dewatering. The Pencerrigtewion Member crops out mainly in the Plynlimon and Van inliers, and represents the maximum glacial lowstand when the shelf and slope were effectively bypassed, and coarse sediment was delivered directly to the basin floor (Davies et al., 2009[2]).

References

  1. Jones, O T. 1912. The geological structure of Central Wales and the adjoining regions. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, Vol. 68, 328–344.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Davies, J R, Waters, R A, Williams, M, Wilson, D, Schofield, D I, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 2009. Sedimentary and faunal events as revealed by a revised correlation of postglacial Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) strata in the Welsh Basin, UK. Geological Journal, Vol. 44, 322–340.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Cave, R, and Hains, B A. 1986. Geology of the country between Aberystwyth and Machynlleth. Memoir of the British Geological Survey. Sheet 163 (England and Wales).
  4. Brenchley, P J, Marshall, J D, Harper, D A T, Buttler, C J, and Underwood, C J. 2006. A late Ordovician (Hirnantian) karstic surface in a submarine channel, recording glacio-eustatic sea-level changes: Meifod, central Wales. Geological Journal, Vol. 41, 1–22.
  5. Davies, J R, Fletcher, C J N, Waters, R A, Wilson, D, Woodhall, D G, and Zalasiewicz, J A. 1997. Geology of the country around Llanilar and Rhayader. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheets 178 and 179 (England and Wales).
  6. James, D M D. 1983. Sedimentation of deep-water slope-base and inner-fan deposits — the Drosgol Formation (Ashgill), west central Wales. Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 34, 21–40.

Geology of the Llanidloes area - contents