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[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources | Additional resources]] >> Groundwater Use
[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources | Additional resources]] >> Groundwater Use


Many attempts have been made at local, national and international scales in Africa to estimate how much groundwater is being used, how many people depend on groundwater, and the kinds of activities which groundwater is used for - domestic water supply, small-scale irrigation, industry, etc. Because groundwater use is so varied and dispersed, and because of problems collecting, recording, managing and accessing relevant information on groundwater use, these estimates are done in different ways, based on different information, and give different results. However, they are all useful towards increasing understanding of the role of groundwater in Africa and how it could be better developed and used in future. This page describes some ways of addressing the issue of groundwater use. It is not a comprehensive assessment; more information can be obtained by following the links to other organisations below.
== Estimating Groundwater Use==


Several attempts have been made at local, national and international scales in Africa to estimate how much groundwater is being used, how many people depend on groundwater, and the kinds of activities which groundwater supports. However, because groundwater use is so varied and dispersed, and because of problems collecting, recording, managing and accessing relevant information on groundwater use, these estimates are difficult, and can be unreliable. The most widely used source of information on groundwater use is the [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm  FAO AQUASTAT] website. Other estimates have been done, for example of groundwater used for irrigation (Seibert et al., 2010), and groundwater use for drinking water from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme.


== Using population data to estimate groundwater use ==
 
done in different ways, based on different information, and give different results. However, they are all useful towards increasing understanding of the role of groundwater in Africa and how it could be better developed and used in future. This page describes some ways of addressing the issue of groundwater use. It is not a comprehensive assessment; more information can be obtained by following the links to other organisations below.
 
 
===African population data===


[[File: GroundwaterUse.png | 510x200px | right]]
[[File: GroundwaterUse.png | 510x200px | right]]
An indication of groundwater use across Africa has been developed using rural and urban population data. Gridded datasets of population and urban extent across Africa were processed to provide an estimate of the number of people living on each main aquifer type, and what proportion of this population lives in rural and urban areas.  
An indication of groundwater use across Africa has been developed using rural and urban population data. Gridded datasets of population and urban extent across Africa were processed to provide an estimate of the number of people living on each main aquifer type, and what proportion of this population lives in rural and urban areas.  


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The gridded rural-urban data (Balk et al., 2006) are derived from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) Urban Extents Grid (v1). This dataset is produced by the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). The dataset is based on a combination of population counts, settlement points, and the presence of night-time lights as observed by a series of US Department of Defence meteorological satellites over several decades.  
The gridded rural-urban data (Balk et al., 2006) are derived from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) Urban Extents Grid (v1). This dataset is produced by the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). The dataset is based on a combination of population counts, settlement points, and the presence of night-time lights as observed by a series of US Department of Defence meteorological satellites over several decades.  




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Nelson, A. 2004. African Population Database Documentation, UNEP GRID Sioux Falls. Retrieved 29th October 2014 (see External links below).
Nelson, A. 2004. African Population Database Documentation, UNEP GRID Sioux Falls. Retrieved 29th October 2014 (see External links below).


   
   
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==WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation==
==WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation==


The [https://www.wssinfo.org/ WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation] is ongoing, and is providing summary statistics for water supply and sanitation coverage.
The [https://www.wssinfo.org/ WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation] is ongoing, and is providing summary statistics for water supply and sanitation coverage.
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The GRUMP Urban Extents Grid can be accessed via [https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/grump-v1 NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Centre (SEDAC)]
The GRUMP Urban Extents Grid can be accessed via [https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/grump-v1 NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Centre (SEDAC)]


===Citations and Further Information===


==Further sources of information==
Seibert S, Burke J, Faures JM, Frenken K, Hoogeveen J, Doll P & Portmann FT. 2010. [https://www.fao.org/docrep/013/al816e/al816e00.pdf Groundwater use for irrigation - a global inventory]. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 14, 1863-1880. doi: 10.5194/hess-14-1863-2010


AQUASTAT is the FAO’s global water information system, providing data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean.


Each country profile contains general information on the geographical and economic situation of the country, and more detailed information on water resources (major sources of surface water and groundwater), water use (with a particular focus on irrigation), and water management.  
[https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm  '''FAO AQUASTAT''']. This is is the FAO’s global water information system, providing data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Each country profile contains general information on the geographical and economic situation of the country, and more detailed information on water resources (major sources of surface water and groundwater), water use (with a particular focus on irrigation), and water management.  


AQUASTAT country profiles and other useful information can be accessed via the [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm  AQUASTAT website]





Revision as of 16:09, 21 March 2016

Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Additional resources >> Groundwater Use

Estimating Groundwater Use

Several attempts have been made at local, national and international scales in Africa to estimate how much groundwater is being used, how many people depend on groundwater, and the kinds of activities which groundwater supports. However, because groundwater use is so varied and dispersed, and because of problems collecting, recording, managing and accessing relevant information on groundwater use, these estimates are difficult, and can be unreliable. The most widely used source of information on groundwater use is the FAO AQUASTAT website. Other estimates have been done, for example of groundwater used for irrigation (Seibert et al., 2010), and groundwater use for drinking water from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme.


done in different ways, based on different information, and give different results. However, they are all useful towards increasing understanding of the role of groundwater in Africa and how it could be better developed and used in future. This page describes some ways of addressing the issue of groundwater use. It is not a comprehensive assessment; more information can be obtained by following the links to other organisations below.


African population data

An indication of groundwater use across Africa has been developed using rural and urban population data. Gridded datasets of population and urban extent across Africa were processed to provide an estimate of the number of people living on each main aquifer type, and what proportion of this population lives in rural and urban areas.

The gridded population data are derived from the United Nations Environment Programme/Global Resource Information Database (UNEP/GRID) Africa Population Distribution Database (4th edition). This dataset uses population data from 109 000 administrative units across Africa, the most recent of which were compiled for the year 2000. The regional data are gridded using an interpolation method based on settlement locations and transport infrastructure, which helps to distribute the population across an administrative area. The gridding approach and the key sources of uncertainty in the dataset are discussed in detail in the data documentation (Nelson, 2004).

The gridded rural-urban data (Balk et al., 2006) are derived from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) Urban Extents Grid (v1). This dataset is produced by the Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). The dataset is based on a combination of population counts, settlement points, and the presence of night-time lights as observed by a series of US Department of Defence meteorological satellites over several decades.


Balk, D L, Deichmann, U, Yetman, G, Pozzi, F, Hay, S I, and Nelson, A. 2006. Determining Global Population Distribution: Methods, Applications and Data. Advances in Parasitology, Vol. 62, 119-156. (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(05)62004-0)

CIESEN, IFPRI, The World Bank and CIAT. 2011. Global Rural-Urban Mapping Projectm Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Urban Extents Grid. Palisades, NY: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Centre. Accessed 30th October 2014.

Nelson, A. 2004. African Population Database, UNEP GRID Sioux Falls. Retrieved 29th October 2014 (see Links to other data, below).

Nelson, A. 2004. African Population Database Documentation, UNEP GRID Sioux Falls. Retrieved 29th October 2014 (see External links below).



WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation

The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation is ongoing, and is providing summary statistics for water supply and sanitation coverage.

Links to other data

The UNEP/GRID Africa Population Distribution Database can be accessed via the UNEP website

The GRUMP Urban Extents Grid can be accessed via NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Centre (SEDAC)

Citations and Further Information

Seibert S, Burke J, Faures JM, Frenken K, Hoogeveen J, Doll P & Portmann FT. 2010. Groundwater use for irrigation - a global inventory. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 14, 1863-1880. doi: 10.5194/hess-14-1863-2010


FAO AQUASTAT. This is is the FAO’s global water information system, providing data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Each country profile contains general information on the geographical and economic situation of the country, and more detailed information on water resources (major sources of surface water and groundwater), water use (with a particular focus on irrigation), and water management.



Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Additional resources >> Groundwater Use