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[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources | Resource pages]] >> Hydrogeology Maps of Africa


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==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Continental Scale==
There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.
===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ British Geological Survey]: Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===
A series of quantitative groundwater maps for Africa was developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps for Africa'''] project (MacDonald et al., 2010, 2012). 
This project produced three new digital '''groundwater maps for Africa''', based on a [[Geology | '''geology''' map]] of Africa at 1:5 million scale (Persits et al., 2002, Furon and Lombard 1964). The three groundwater maps are:
; Groundwater (aquifer) productivity
; Groundwater storage
; Depth to groundwater
These three maps can be freely downloaded in digital form as a 5 km resolution grid (xyz tab-delimited text file), which can be used in GIS. They are also available as high resolution PDF files. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/mapsDownload.html '''Download the Africa groundwater maps here'''].
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[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg | center| 900px| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]
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More information on these maps can be found in these references:
MacDonald, A M, Bonsor, H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G. 2012. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2), 024009. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009
MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.
===[https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP]===
====WHYMAP global hydrogeological maps====
The World-wide Hydrogeological Mapping and Assessment Programme (WHYMAP) was launched in 2000 to provide summary information about global groundwater resources. Several global and continental scale maps related to groundwater resources, groundwater basins, large aquifer systems, and transboundary aquifers have been produced. These maps are available to freely download (as pdf or image files) from the [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Map_Applications/map_applications_node_en.html '''WHYMAP''' website]. They can also be viewed online in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/ggis/groundwater-resources-africa Groundwater Resources in Africa] portal.
====WHYMAP Africa hydrogeological map====
WHYMAP have also produced a [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Aktuelles/2018-11_whymap_aww_en.html hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:12,500,000, which provides a planning tool for groundwater resources. This map is available to freely download (as pdf or image files) as a poster that also shows hydrogeological sections of regional aquifers.
===[https://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM]: hydrogeological map of Africa===
In 2008, BRGM published a [https://www.brgm.eu/projects/hydrogeological-map-of-africa hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:10 Million, the first of its kind at this scale. It was developed by combining two categories of data: groundwater reservoir (or aquifer) type; and the proportion of precipitation available to recharge to aquifers. BRGM used extensive data to develop the map, which distinguishes eleven major hydrographic units. The map is produced as a hard copy available through [https://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM].
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|[[File:BRGM_HGMap-Screenshot.png|thumb| 400 px|  center | The BRGM [https://www.brgm.eu/project/hydrogeological-map-of-africa  hydrogeological map of Africa]]]
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===[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC]: Transboundary Aquifers of Africa===
In 2016 [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] produced a map of [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-africa-map-2016 Transboundary Aquifers of Africa], based on its 2015 [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-world-map-2015 Transboundary Aquifers of the World] map. This map is available to view online in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/ggis/groundwater-resources-africa Groundwater Resources in Africa] portal.
===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===
This map, at 1:5 million scale, is not available in any digital form. It is described in the report by Gilbrich and Struckmeier (2014).
Gilbrich, W H, and Struckmeier, W F. 2014. [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002310/231066e.pdf 50 Years of Hydro(geo)logical Mapping Activities]. German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP).
==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Regional Scale==
===SADC Hydrogeological Map===
A hydrogeological map of the SADC region, with an accompanying atlas, were developed in 2010 under the SADC Regional Groundwater Management Programme to provide an overview of the groundwater resources in the SADC region. The map is available to view in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://apps.geodan.nl/igrac/ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default SADC Groundwater Information Portal]. This portal also gives access to borehole data and other associated groundwater data for the region.
==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Country Scale==
Many countries in Africa, but not all, have national scale hydrogeological maps, but these are often relatively old and have not been updated with new information collected in recent years. For most countries, national hydrogeological maps are available only as hard copy/in paper form.
Many countries have national groundwater / hydrogeological mapping programmes, which are developing new or revised hydrogeological maps at higher resolution for selected areas within the country, with an ultimate aim to produce a complete national coverage - for example, [https://reseau-tchad.org/ Chad], [https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/atlases-maps Uganda] and [https://www.gse.gov.et/index.php/2016/09/03/ground-water-assessment/ Ethiopia]. This may also include the development of new national-scale hydrogeological maps. At present, few countries have digitally available hydrogeological maps
As part of this Atlas, we have developed new country-scale hydrogeology maps for each country in Africa that will be available to freely download as digital, GIS-enabled files.
===Africa Groundwater Atlas Country Hydrogeology maps===
This Atlas presents new hydrogeology maps for each of 48 countries in Africa, at 1:5 million scale. These maps have been developed from the Africa-wide [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html quantitative groundwater maps] developed by BGS in 2010. The new maps combine key hydrogeological information to show:
*'''aquifer type''' (based on the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type); and
*'''aquifer productivity''' (relative aquifer productivity, or groundwater potential).
The country maps also summarise national geology at the same scale.
More information about the country maps is on the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps | '''Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology maps''']] page.
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[[File: Hydrogeology.png | 500px|center| thumb| Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology map of Africa, 1:5 million scale]]
[[File: Hydrogeology_Key.png | center| thumb| Legend for Africa Groundwater Atlas hydrogeology map of Africa| 500x195px]]
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===WHYMIS - Hydrogeological maps at country scale===
[https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP] provides digital scans of '''national hydrogeological maps''' across Africa through its [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMIS] application. These national maps are also indexed in the [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].
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|[[File:WHYMAPScreenshot.jpg|thumb| 400 px|  center| The BGR [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMAP] viewer showing an example of a scanned national hydrogeological map available through WHYMIS]]
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[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources | Resource pages]] >> Africa Hydrogeology Maps
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Latest revision as of 10:15, 9 January 2019