Hydrogeology of Burkina Faso: Difference between revisions
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||Quaternary | ||Quaternary | ||
|| | ||Detrital deposits. | ||
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!colspan="4"|Continental Terminal | !colspan="4"|Continental Terminal | ||
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| | |Continental Terminal of Gondo | ||
||Cenozoic | ||Cenozoic - Tertiary | ||
|| | ||Mainly sandstones, with interbedded mudstones. | ||
|| | ||Unconformable overlie Consolidated Sedimentary dolomites and other formations. | ||
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!colspan="4"| Consolidated Sedimentary | !colspan="4"| Consolidated Sedimentary | ||
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| | |Gobinangou Sandstone, Gourma, Gres (calcaire) | ||
||Proterozoic to Palaeozoic | ||late Precambrian (Proterozoic) to Palaeozoic | ||
|| | ||These are consolidated, indurated sedimentary rocks, including sandstone-quartzites and conglomerates at the base, which are overlain by largely sandstone formations, interbedded with schists and rare dolomitic limestones in the west of the country. At the top of the sequence are mixed formations including argillaceous schists; quartzitic sandstones; interbedded limestones and dolomites; breccias; and marbled conglomerates. In the southeast are sandstone facies (eg the Gobinangau Sandstone) with pelitic schists and calcareous and phosphated strata. | ||
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|| | ||Precambrian | ||
|| | ||Granites, gneisses, schists, quartzites and green rocks. | ||
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|| | ||This aquifer has variable lithology and irregular structure, with non-continuous layers. Unconfined. Typically 10 m thick at its edges, ranging up to 100 m thick in the centre of the aquifer in the plain of Gondo. | ||
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The water table can range from 10 m to more than 90 m below the ground surface. Borehole depths typically range from 40 m to 120 m. | |||
||This aquifer is generally used for rural water supplies. | |||
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==== Sedimentary - Fracture Flow==== | ==== Sedimentary - Fracture Flow==== | ||
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|| | ||Upper sandstone is unconfined. Lower formations can be confined if overlain by dolerite intrusion or a clayey layer. | ||
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||The aquifer is used for water supply in rural and urban areas (70% of abstraction from the aquifer); and also for mineral water and other commercial/industrial use (25%) and other uses. | |||
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====Basement==== | ====Crystalline Basement==== | ||
{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
|Named Aquifers||General Description||Water quantity issues||Water quality issues||Recharge | |Named Aquifers||General Description||Water quantity issues||Water quality issues||Recharge | ||
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|| | ||The upper part of the aquifer is weathered, and can be in hydraulic continuity with overlyilng alluvial aquifers (see Unconsolidated, above). The weathered zone can be 10 m to 80 m thick. The water table in the weathered zone can lie between 5 m and 30 m below the ground surface. Boreholes are typically from 40 m to 80 m deep. Groundwater in the weathered zone aquifer is typically unconfined. | ||
In some areas, fractured zones form aquifers, sometimes underlying, and associated with, weathered zones. These fractured aquifer zones can range from 10 m to 80 m thick, and the water table can range from 20 m to 60 m below the ground surface. Boreholes abstracting from this aquifer are between 40 and 150 m deep. | |||
||Groundwater from crystalline basement aquifers is dominantly used for rural water supplies (70%), with other uses being for mineral water and other commercial/industrial use (25%) and a small amount of abstraction for agriculture (2%). | |||
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Revision as of 16:14, 30 June 2015
Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Hydrogeology by country >> Hydrogeology of Burkina Faso
Authors
Author 1, Affiliation
Author 2, Affiliation
Geographical Setting
General
Estimated Population in 2013* | XXX |
Rural Population (% of total) (2013)* | XXX% |
Total Surface Area* | XXX sq km |
Agricultural Land (% of total area) (2012)* | XXX% |
Capital City | XXX |
Region | XXX |
Border Countries | XXX |
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal (2013)* | XXX Million cubic metres |
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Agriculture (2013)* | XXX% |
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Domestic Use (2013)* | XXX% |
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Industry (2013)* | XXX% |
Rural Population with Access to Improved Water Source (2012)* | XXX% |
Urban Population with Access to Improved Water Source (2012)* | XXX% |
* Source: World Bank
Climate
-
Koppen Geiger Climate Zones
-
Average Annual Precipitation
-
Average Temperature
Rainfall time-series and graphs of monthly average rainfall and temperature for each individual climate zone can be found on the Burkino Faso Climate Page.
For further detail on the climate datasets used see the climate resources section.
Surface water
|
Soil
Land cover
Geology
This section provides a summary of the geology of Burkina Faso. More detail can be found in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the Africa Groundwater Literature Archive. The geology map on this page shows a simplified version of the geology at a national scale (see the Geology resources page for more details). The map is available to download as a shapefile (.shp) for use in GIS packages.
Key Formations | Period | Lithology | Structure |
Unconsolidated | |||
---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Detrital deposits. | ||
Continental Terminal | |||
Continental Terminal of Gondo | Cenozoic - Tertiary | Mainly sandstones, with interbedded mudstones. | Unconformable overlie Consolidated Sedimentary dolomites and other formations. |
Consolidated Sedimentary | |||
Gobinangou Sandstone, Gourma, Gres (calcaire) | late Precambrian (Proterozoic) to Palaeozoic | These are consolidated, indurated sedimentary rocks, including sandstone-quartzites and conglomerates at the base, which are overlain by largely sandstone formations, interbedded with schists and rare dolomitic limestones in the west of the country. At the top of the sequence are mixed formations including argillaceous schists; quartzitic sandstones; interbedded limestones and dolomites; breccias; and marbled conglomerates. In the southeast are sandstone facies (eg the Gobinangau Sandstone) with pelitic schists and calcareous and phosphated strata. | |
Crystalline Basement | |||
Precambrian | Granites, gneisses, schists, quartzites and green rocks. | ||
Hydrogeology
This section provides a summary of the hydrogeology of the main aquifers in Burkina Faso. More information is available in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the Africa Groundwater Literature Archive. The hydrogeology map on this page shows a simplified version of the type and productivity of the main aquifers at a national scale (see the Aquifer properties resource page for more details). The map is available to download as a shapefile (.shp) for use in GIS packages.
Unconsolidated
Named Aquifers | General Description | Water quantity issues | Water quality issues | Recharge |
Sedimentary - Intergranular Flow
Named Aquifers | General Description | Water quantity issues | Water quality issues | Recharge |
This aquifer has variable lithology and irregular structure, with non-continuous layers. Unconfined. Typically 10 m thick at its edges, ranging up to 100 m thick in the centre of the aquifer in the plain of Gondo.
The water table can range from 10 m to more than 90 m below the ground surface. Borehole depths typically range from 40 m to 120 m. |
This aquifer is generally used for rural water supplies. |
Sedimentary - Fracture Flow
Named Aquifers | General Description | Water quantity issues | Water quality issues | Recharge |
Upper sandstone is unconfined. Lower formations can be confined if overlain by dolerite intrusion or a clayey layer.
|
The aquifer is used for water supply in rural and urban areas (70% of abstraction from the aquifer); and also for mineral water and other commercial/industrial use (25%) and other uses. |
Crystalline Basement
Named Aquifers | General Description | Water quantity issues | Water quality issues | Recharge |
The upper part of the aquifer is weathered, and can be in hydraulic continuity with overlyilng alluvial aquifers (see Unconsolidated, above). The weathered zone can be 10 m to 80 m thick. The water table in the weathered zone can lie between 5 m and 30 m below the ground surface. Boreholes are typically from 40 m to 80 m deep. Groundwater in the weathered zone aquifer is typically unconfined.
In some areas, fractured zones form aquifers, sometimes underlying, and associated with, weathered zones. These fractured aquifer zones can range from 10 m to 80 m thick, and the water table can range from 20 m to 60 m below the ground surface. Boreholes abstracting from this aquifer are between 40 and 150 m deep. |
Groundwater from crystalline basement aquifers is dominantly used for rural water supplies (70%), with other uses being for mineral water and other commercial/industrial use (25%) and a small amount of abstraction for agriculture (2%). |
Groundwater Status
Groundwater quantity
Groundwater quality
Groundwater use and management
Groundwater use
Groundwater management
Groundwater monitoring
Transboundary aquifers
For further information about transboundary aquifers, please see the Transboundary aquifers resources page
References
The following references provide more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Burkina Faso. These, and others, can be accessed through the Africa Groundwater Literature Archive.
Geology: key references
Castaing C, Billa M, Milési J P, Thieblemont D, Le Metour J, Egal F, Donzeau M et al. 2003. Notice explicative de la carte géologique et minière à 1/1 000 000ème du Burkina Faso. Proj. SYSMIN 7
Hottin G et Ouédraogo OF. 1975. Notice explicative de la carte géologique à 1/1 000 000 de la - IWACO ·1989· Etude du bilan du Burkina Faso. Rapport intermédiaire de la deuxième phase 1987-1990. Tome 2 : inventaire des ressources en eau
Sattran V et Wenmenga U. 2002. Géologie du Burkina Faso (Czech Edition), 10 dec 2002, République de Haute-Volta, Edition BRGM, 56p
Hydrogeology: key references
Ministère de l'eau. 1993. Notice explicative de la carte hydrogéologique du Burkina Faso échelle 1:5OO.OOO, feuille Ouagadougou - DEP du Ministètre de l'eau, Assistance technique : IWACO B.V., Financement: Burkina FasolPays-Bas, 4Sp. + cartes
Ministère de l'eau. 1988. Rapport de fin de projet : travaux et résultats hydrogéologiques - projet d'hydraulique villageoise Yatenga II, CCE, FED, Convention n034981BF, 48 p+annexes
Ministère de l'eau. 1990. Etude des ressources en eau souterraine du Yatenga - CIEH, série hydrogéologie, 138p.
Ministère de l'environnement et de l'eau. 1998. Politique et stratégies en matière d'eau 126p.
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