https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&feed=atom&action=history
Hydrogeology of Chad - Revision history
2024-03-29T07:58:33Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58969&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* References */ Vassolo S link
2023-12-12T12:37:18Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> Vassolo S link</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:37, 12 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>United Nations. 1988. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060033 Chad: in Groundwater in North and West Africa]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa, Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>United Nations. 1988. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060033 Chad: in Groundwater in North and West Africa]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa, Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Vassolo S, Bila M, Hamit A. 2009. [https://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cblt</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">org</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sites</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">default</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">files</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">download_documents</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bgr_report_2_engl</del>.pdf A review of the groundwater situation in the Lake Chad Basin. Lake Chad Sustainable Water Management Project Activities - Report N° 2]. Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Vassolo S, Bila M, Hamit A. 2009. [https://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bgr</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bund.de/EN/Themen/Wasser</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Projekte</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abgeschlossen</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TZ</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tschad</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">report_2</ins>.pdf<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?__blob=publicationFile </ins>A review of the groundwater situation in the Lake Chad Basin. Lake Chad Sustainable Water Management Project Activities - Report N° 2]. Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>World Bank. 2019. [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/990891563355313917/pdf/Chad-Water-and-Sanitation-Sector-Note.pdf Tchad: Note sur le secteur de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement]. (c) World Bank.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>World Bank. 2019. [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/990891563355313917/pdf/Chad-Water-and-Sanitation-Sector-Note.pdf Tchad: Note sur le secteur de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement]. (c) World Bank.</div></td></tr>
</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58968&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* References */ PRACTICA links
2023-12-12T12:35:40Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> PRACTICA links</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:35, 12 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Permenter JL and Oppenheimer C. 2007. [https://pages.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Parmeter&OppChadBV.pdf Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa). Bull. Volcanol. 69, 609-626 . Doi: 10.1007/s00445-006-0098-x.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Permenter JL and Oppenheimer C. 2007. [https://pages.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Parmeter&OppChadBV.pdf Volcanoes of the Tibesti massif (Chad, northern Africa). Bull. Volcanol. 69, 609-626 . Doi: 10.1007/s00445-006-0098-x.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practica Foundation, UNICEF and Enterprise Works/VITA. 2009. [https://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unicef</del>.org/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">wash</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">files</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHAD_Case_Study_Aug14_lowRes</del>.pdf The impact of manual drilling for the construction of sustainable water-points in Chad]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practica Foundation, UNICEF and Enterprise Works/VITA. 2009. [https://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ri</ins>.org/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">content</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">uploads</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2019/08/The-impact-of-manual-drilling-for-the-construction-of-sustainable-water-points-in-Chad</ins>.pdf The impact of manual drilling for the construction of sustainable water-points in Chad]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practica Foundation, UNICEF and Enterprise Works/VITA. 2014. [https://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/2014/10</del>/Identification_des_Zones_Favorables_Pour_les_Forages_Manuels_FINAL.pdf Identification des zones favorables pour les forages manuels: rapport final sur la methodologie utilise et les resultas obtenus]. Practica/Enterprise Works/VITA/UNICEF</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Practica Foundation, UNICEF and Enterprise Works/VITA. 2014. [https://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/Identification_des_Zones_Favorables_Pour_les_Forages_Manuels_FINAL.pdf Identification des zones favorables pour les forages manuels: rapport final sur la methodologie utilise et les resultas obtenus]. Practica/Enterprise Works/VITA/UNICEF</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Scheider JL and Wolff JP. 1969. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA300006 Carte Hydrogeologique de la Republique du Tchad; Scale 1:500 000]. Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM), Orleans. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Scheider JL and Wolff JP. 1969. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA300006 Carte Hydrogeologique de la Republique du Tchad; Scale 1:500 000]. Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM), Orleans. </div></td></tr>
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LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58967&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* References */ GWP link
2023-12-12T12:34:04Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> GWP link</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:34, 12 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>GWP (Global Water Partnership). 2013. [https://www.gwp.org/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Global</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ToolBox</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">References</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Lake_Chad_fact_sheet</del>.pdf The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System]. Global Water Partnership Transboundary Groundwater Fact Sheet, compiled by F Bontemps.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>GWP (Global Water Partnership). 2013. [https://www.gwp.org/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">globalassets</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">global</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">toolbox</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">references/lake_chad_fact_sheet</ins>.pdf The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System]. Global Water Partnership Transboundary Groundwater Fact Sheet, compiled by F Bontemps.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ngatcha BN, Mudry J and Leduc C. 2008. [https://www.inweb.gr/twm4/abs/NGOUNOU%20Ngatcha%20Benjamin.pdf The state of understanding on groundwater recharge for the sustainable management of transboundary aquifer in the Lake Chad Basin]. Presentation at 4th International Symposium on Transboundary Water Management, Thessaloniki, Greece, 15-18 October 2008.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ngatcha BN, Mudry J and Leduc C. 2008. [https://www.inweb.gr/twm4/abs/NGOUNOU%20Ngatcha%20Benjamin.pdf The state of understanding on groundwater recharge for the sustainable management of transboundary aquifer in the Lake Chad Basin]. Presentation at 4th International Symposium on Transboundary Water Management, Thessaloniki, Greece, 15-18 October 2008.</div></td></tr>
</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58966&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* References */ deleted duplicate BGR link (which didn't work anyway)
2023-12-12T12:33:16Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> deleted duplicate BGR link (which didn't work anyway)</span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alker M. 2008. The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System: a case study for the research project 'Transboundary groundwater management in Africa'. German Development Institute</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alker M. 2008. The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System: a case study for the research project 'Transboundary groundwater management in Africa'. German Development Institute</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). 2017. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb/Projekte/Laufend/Afrika/1073_2010-2274-8_Tschad_Grundwasserberatung_Tschadseebeckenkommission_en.html Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. Project website, 11 April 2017.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). Undated. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb/Projekte/Abgeschlossen/Archiv/Afrika/1007_2007-2015-1_Tschad_Wassermanagement_Tschadsee_en.html;jsessionid=44FCE02B666C115413FA09026D8C04BD.internet982?nn=1546392 Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. N.D. Project website: BGR: TC Lake Chad Basin: Groundwater Management </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). Undated. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb/Projekte/Abgeschlossen/Archiv/Afrika/1007_2007-2015-1_Tschad_Wassermanagement_Tschadsee_en.html;jsessionid=44FCE02B666C115413FA09026D8C04BD.internet982?nn=1546392 Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. N.D. Project website: BGR: TC Lake Chad Basin: Groundwater Management </div></td></tr>
</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58965&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* References */ supraregional africa: groundwater management of lake chad basin link
2023-12-12T12:30:30Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References: </span> supraregional africa: groundwater management of lake chad basin link</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:30, 12 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). 2017. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb/Projekte/Laufend/Afrika/1073_2010-2274-8_Tschad_Grundwasserberatung_Tschadseebeckenkommission_en.html Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. Project website, 11 April 2017.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). 2017. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb/Projekte/Laufend/Afrika/1073_2010-2274-8_Tschad_Grundwasserberatung_Tschadseebeckenkommission_en.html Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. Project website, 11 April 2017.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). Undated. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wasser</del>/Projekte/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">laufend</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TZ</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tschad</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tschad</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">II_fb_en</del>.html Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. N.D. Project website: BGR: TC Lake Chad Basin: Groundwater Management </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>BGR (Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources). Undated. [https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Zusammenarbeit/TechnZusammenarb</ins>/Projekte/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Abgeschlossen</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Archiv</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Afrika</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1007_2007</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015-1_Tschad_Wassermanagement_Tschadsee_en</ins>.html<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">;jsessionid=44FCE02B666C115413FA09026D8C04BD.internet982?nn=1546392 </ins> Supraregional Africa: Groundwater Management of Lake Chad Basin]. N.D. Project website: BGR: TC Lake Chad Basin: Groundwater Management </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Danert K. 2015. [https://www.rural-water-supply.net/_ressources/documents/default/1-656-34-1425638967.pdf Professionalising Manual Drilling: Chad’s Growing Manual Drilling Industry]. RWSN, UNICEF, Skat Foundation. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Danert K. 2015. [https://www.rural-water-supply.net/_ressources/documents/default/1-656-34-1425638967.pdf Professionalising Manual Drilling: Chad’s Growing Manual Drilling Industry]. RWSN, UNICEF, Skat Foundation. </div></td></tr>
</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58964&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* Other hydrogeological maps */ WHYMAP link
2023-12-12T12:28:35Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Other hydrogeological maps: </span> WHYMAP link</span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en-GB">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:28, 12 December 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A digital map of hydrogeological units is held by the Chad Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique (UNICEF 2010).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A digital map of hydrogeological units is held by the Chad Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique (UNICEF 2010).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A hydrogeological map at 1:500,000 scale was published in 1969 by BRGM and a scanned copy can be viewed on the [https://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bgr</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">de</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">app</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fishy</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whymis</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">index</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">php?&type=country&id=TCD </del>WHYMAP] site. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* A hydrogeological map at 1:500,000 scale was published in 1969 by BRGM and a scanned copy can be viewed on the [https://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whymap</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">org</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whymap</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">EN</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Home</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whymap_node</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">html </ins>WHYMAP] site. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ '''ResEau''']. The ongoing [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ ResEau] program is collecting detailed new hydrogeological information and producing new hydrogeological maps for Chad. Eventually, the whole country will be covered at 1:500,000 scale, and already these scale maps are available for the north and east of the country. More detailed hydrogeological maps at 1:200,000 scale are being produced for specific important areas. Digital versions of all of these new maps can be viewed in the ResEau geoportal [https://reseau-tchad.org/cdig/ '''CDIG (Centre de Documentation et d'Information Géographique)''']. Pdf versions of the maps, with accompanying hydrogeological descriptions, can be freely downloaded from [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ ResEau]. These maps and descriptions are the key source for information on the hydrogeology of Chad. Many other useful publications and reports on hydrogeology, hydrology and hydrochemistry in Chad are also available to download from the [https://reseau-tchad.org/cdig/ ResEau CDIG]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ '''ResEau''']. The ongoing [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ ResEau] program is collecting detailed new hydrogeological information and producing new hydrogeological maps for Chad. Eventually, the whole country will be covered at 1:500,000 scale, and already these scale maps are available for the north and east of the country. More detailed hydrogeological maps at 1:200,000 scale are being produced for specific important areas. Digital versions of all of these new maps can be viewed in the ResEau geoportal [https://reseau-tchad.org/cdig/ '''CDIG (Centre de Documentation et d'Information Géographique)''']. Pdf versions of the maps, with accompanying hydrogeological descriptions, can be freely downloaded from [https://reseau-tchad.org/reseau/ ResEau]. These maps and descriptions are the key source for information on the hydrogeology of Chad. Many other useful publications and reports on hydrogeology, hydrology and hydrochemistry in Chad are also available to download from the [https://reseau-tchad.org/cdig/ ResEau CDIG]. </div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 248:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Lake Chad Basin in southern Chad is one of the largest sedimentary groundwater basins in Africa. It includes three main aquifers: an upper, unconsolidated Quaternary/Pliocene aquifer of lacustrine and deltaic deposits (the Chad Formation); a Tertiary sequence underlying this (the Continental Terminal formation); and a basal aquifer of Cretaceous age, which is less well understood. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Lake Chad Basin in southern Chad is one of the largest sedimentary groundwater basins in Africa. It includes three main aquifers: an upper, unconsolidated Quaternary/Pliocene aquifer of lacustrine and deltaic deposits (the Chad Formation); a Tertiary sequence underlying this (the Continental Terminal formation); and a basal aquifer of Cretaceous age, which is less well understood. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Away from the Lake Chad Basin, other aquifers in Chad are not as well studied or understood. Other aquifers include Quaternary valley alluvium and other unconsolidated sediments; Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks in the north, part of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System; Precambrian basement rocks; and smaller areas of volcanic rocks. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Away from the Lake Chad Basin, other aquifers in Chad are not as well studied or understood. Other aquifers include Quaternary valley alluvium and other unconsolidated sediments; Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks in the north, part of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System; Precambrian basement rocks; and smaller areas of volcanic rocks.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Unconsolidated====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Unconsolidated====</div></td></tr>
</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58894&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: /* Transboundary aquifers */ grammar in first paragragh - previously read 'resources uses'
2023-11-27T10:28:30Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Transboundary aquifers: </span> grammar in first paragragh - previously read 'resources uses'</span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:28, 27 November 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Transboundary aquifers==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Transboundary aquifers==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Lake Chad Basin aquifer''' is shared between eight countries, including Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. The Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), based on the “Convention Relating to the Development of the Chad Basin” signed in 1964, was created in order to regulate the management of transboundary natural resources. Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic are members of the LCBC, and Sudan was granted membership in 2000 but has not yet ratified the convention. The commission is responsible for regulating and controlling water and natural <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resources uses </del>in the basin, including groundwater management. To date, few groundwater programs have been implemented, but the LCBC has recognised groundwater importance and made efforts to fully include groundwater in its activities (GWP 2013).</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The '''Lake Chad Basin aquifer''' is shared between eight countries, including Chad, Niger, Nigeria and Cameroon. The Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), based on the “Convention Relating to the Development of the Chad Basin” signed in 1964, was created in order to regulate the management of transboundary natural resources. Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic are members of the LCBC, and Sudan was granted membership in 2000 but has not yet ratified the convention. The commission is responsible for regulating and controlling water and natural <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resource use </ins>in the basin, including groundwater management. To date, few groundwater programs have been implemented, but the LCBC has recognised groundwater importance and made efforts to fully include groundwater in its activities (GWP 2013).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
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</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=58893&oldid=prev
LaurenGiles: edits in opening summary for grammar and clarity
2023-11-27T10:26:50Z
<p>edits in opening summary for grammar and clarity</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:26, 27 November 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of Chad’s population depends on subsistence arable and livestock agriculture. Most of the population lives in the more humid south; the central and northern parts of the country are much drier and support only a sparse population. Cotton used to dominate industry and export earnings, and remains a primary export, but an oil industry has developed since 2000, with pipelines carrying oil exports to the Atlantic coast. GDP grew from 2003 to 2014, but global oil price falls led to recession in 2016. Chad also has gold and uranium deposits, but development of these is still very limited.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of Chad’s population depends on subsistence arable and livestock agriculture. Most of the population lives in the more humid south; the central and northern parts of the country are much drier and support only a sparse population. Cotton used to dominate industry and export earnings, and remains a primary export, but an oil industry has developed since 2000, with pipelines carrying oil exports to the Atlantic coast. GDP grew from 2003 to 2014, but global oil price falls led to recession in 2016. Chad also has gold and uranium deposits, but development of these is still very limited.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rainfall is highly variable both spatially and temporally across the country. Lake Chad is the major surface water resource, shared with neighbouring nations. Droughts in the 1970s and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">80</del>, combined with anthropogenic activity, reduced the area of Lake Chad to record low levels, placed huge stress on water resources, and increased dependence on groundwater. Most rural areas of Chad depend on groundwater for potable water supplies and often for livestock, and in the north, for small-scale irrigation<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, and groundwater </del>is also an important resource in many cities. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Rainfall is highly variable both spatially and temporally across the country. Lake Chad is the major surface water resource, shared with neighbouring nations. Droughts in the 1970s and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">80s</ins>, combined with anthropogenic activity, reduced the area of Lake Chad to record low levels, placed huge stress on water resources, and increased dependence on groundwater. Most rural areas of Chad depend on groundwater for potable water supplies and often for livestock, and in the north, for small-scale irrigation<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Groundwater </ins>is also an important resource in many cities. </div></td></tr>
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</table>
LaurenGiles
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=57920&oldid=prev
Beod: /* References */
2022-11-10T14:16:15Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:16, 10 November 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Return to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the index pages:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Overview of </del>Africa Groundwater Atlas | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Africa Groundwater Atlas <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Home </ins>| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>
Beod
https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php?title=Hydrogeology_of_Chad&diff=57802&oldid=prev
Beod at 10:39, 28 October 2022
2022-10-28T10:39:42Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:39, 28 October 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With a history of agriculture, fishing and trading dating back thousands of years, Chad became independent from French colonisation in 1960. Civil war and military unrest occurred sporadically from then until the current president took office in 1990. For at least two decades, Chad has been significantly affected by the arrival of refugees from neighbouring countries, including Darfur in Sudan and the Central African Republic, and by people internally displaced by unrest within Chad. Chad is also involved in international anti-terrorism efforts to tackle Boko Haram and Al Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>With a history of agriculture, fishing and trading dating back thousands of years, Chad became independent from French colonisation in 1960. Civil war and military unrest occurred sporadically from then until the current president took office in 1990. For at least two decades, Chad has been significantly affected by the arrival of refugees from neighbouring countries, including Darfur in Sudan and the Central African Republic, and by people internally displaced by unrest within Chad. Chad is also involved in international anti-terrorism efforts to tackle Boko Haram and Al Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. From April 2021 Chad has had a transitional government, and is currently awaiting new parliamentary elections</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of Chad’s population depends on subsistence arable and livestock agriculture. Most of the population lives in the more humid south; the central and northern parts of the country are much drier and support only a sparse population. Cotton used to dominate industry and export earnings, and remains a primary export, but an oil industry has developed since 2000, with pipelines carrying oil exports to the Atlantic coast. GDP grew from 2003 to 2014, but global oil price falls led to recession in 2016. Chad also has gold and uranium deposits, but development of these is still very limited.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Most of Chad’s population depends on subsistence arable and livestock agriculture. Most of the population lives in the more humid south; the central and northern parts of the country are much drier and support only a sparse population. Cotton used to dominate industry and export earnings, and remains a primary export, but an oil industry has developed since 2000, with pipelines carrying oil exports to the Atlantic coast. GDP grew from 2003 to 2014, but global oil price falls led to recession in 2016. Chad also has gold and uranium deposits, but development of these is still very limited.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Vassolo S, Bila M, Hamit A. 2009. [https://www.cblt.org/sites/default/files/download_documents/bgr_report_2_engl.pdf A review of the groundwater situation in the Lake Chad Basin. Lake Chad Sustainable Water Management Project Activities - Report N° 2]. Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Vassolo S, Bila M, Hamit A. 2009. [https://www.cblt.org/sites/default/files/download_documents/bgr_report_2_engl.pdf A review of the groundwater situation in the Lake Chad Basin. Lake Chad Sustainable Water Management Project Activities - Report N° 2]. Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hanover. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">World Bank. 2019. [https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/990891563355313917/pdf/Chad-Water-and-Sanitation-Sector-Note.pdf Tchad: Note sur le secteur de l’eau potable et de l’assainissement]. (c) World Bank.</ins></div></td></tr>
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Beod