Editing Hydrogeology of Democratic Republic of the Congo
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− | The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, the kingdom of Kongo included much of the western part of present-day DRC, while in the centre and east the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th to the 19th centuries. The region was made a personal colony of the Belgian King Leopold II in 1885, called the Congo Free State, and exploited for its natural resources, particularly rubber, through plantation agriculture using forced labour. During this time a large proportion of the Congolese population died as a result of exploitation and disease. Belgium annexed the territory as the Belgian Congo in 1908. Independence was gained in 1960 as the Republic of Congo, also known as Congo-Leopoldville; this was later changed to Zaire in 1971 and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997. | + | The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, the kingdom of Kongo included much of the western part of present-day DRC, while in the centre and east of the country the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th to the 19th centuries. The region was made a personal colony of the Belgian King Leopold II in 1885, called the Congo Free State, and exploited for its natural resources, particularly rubber, through plantation agriculture using forced labour. During this time a large proportion of the Congolese population died as a result of exploitation and disease. Belgium annexed the territory as the Belgian Congo in 1908. Independence was gained in 1960 as the Republic of Congo, also known as Congo-Leopoldville; this was later changed to Zaire in 1971 and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997. |
Since independence, the DRC has experienced extensive political, civil and military conflict, including civil wars, involvement in conflict in neighbouring countries, coup d’etats, and widespread internal unrest. The Second Congo War, from 1998 to 2003, has been called the deadliest global conflict since the Second World War, killing between 2.5 and 5.5 million people and involving nine countries. The official end to this conflict did not end unrest or instability. Human rights organisations warn that political unrest in 2016 and 2017 has sparked a new rise in conflict that risks spreading across the country again. | Since independence, the DRC has experienced extensive political, civil and military conflict, including civil wars, involvement in conflict in neighbouring countries, coup d’etats, and widespread internal unrest. The Second Congo War, from 1998 to 2003, has been called the deadliest global conflict since the Second World War, killing between 2.5 and 5.5 million people and involving nine countries. The official end to this conflict did not end unrest or instability. Human rights organisations warn that political unrest in 2016 and 2017 has sparked a new rise in conflict that risks spreading across the country again. |