Editing Hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Your changes will be displayed to readers once an authorised user accepts them. (help) |
Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then save the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
This page supports semantic in-text annotations (e.g. "[[Is specified as::World Heritage Site]]") to build structured and queryable content provided by Semantic MediaWiki. For a comprehensive description on how to use annotations or the #ask parser function, please have a look at the getting started, in-text annotation, or inline queries help pages.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
− | + | '''This page has limited information and needs to be updated. If you have more information on the hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau, please get in touch!''' | |
+ | Present-day Guinea Bissau was once part of the Gabu kingdom and the ancient Mali empire. From the 15th century, the coast became a centre of slave trading by Portuguese merchants, which, as well as inland areas, became fully colonised by the Portuguese in the 19th century. An armed rebellion against colonial rule from the 1950s led to independence in 1974. The rebels were allied to an extent with independence fighters from another Portuguese colony, Cape Verde, although the two countries never unified. Since independence, Guinea Bissau has experienced constant political change, with a succession of coups. | ||
− | + | Guinea Bissau adopted the CFA currency in 1997. There is some potential for mineral exploitation and possibly offshore hydrocarbon exploitation, but their development has been impeded by political instability and armed conflict. The economy remains dominated by agriculture and fishing, with cashew nuts and groundnuts the most important export crops. GDP and HDI remain some of the lowest world-wide. Illegal drug trafficking is significant, with the country used as a transit point for drugs between South America and Europe. | |
− | + | A tropical country with high but seasonal rainfall, Guinea Bissau has relatively abundant seasonal surface water resources, but dry season water supplies are largely sourced from groundwater. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | Guinea Bissau has relatively abundant seasonal surface water resources | ||
Line 34: | Line 31: | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
− | |||
{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
Line 60: | Line 56: | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
− | |||
− | |||
[[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimateZones.png | 375x365px |Koppen Geiger Climate Zones]][[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimatePrecip.png | 375x365px |Average Annual Precipitation]][[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimateTemp.png | 375x365px |Average Temperature]] | [[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimateZones.png | 375x365px |Koppen Geiger Climate Zones]][[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimatePrecip.png | 375x365px |Average Annual Precipitation]][[File:Guinea-Bissau_ClimateTemp.png | 375x365px |Average Temperature]] | ||
Line 77: | Line 71: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
Line 94: | Line 87: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | |
| [[File:GuineaBissau_LandCover.png | frame | Land Cover Map of Guinea Bissau, from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009. For map key and more information on the datasets used to develop the map see the [[Land cover | land cover resource page]]]] | | [[File:GuineaBissau_LandCover.png | frame | Land Cover Map of Guinea Bissau, from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009. For map key and more information on the datasets used to develop the map see the [[Land cover | land cover resource page]]]] | ||
Line 117: | Line 110: | ||
|Freshwater withdrawal as % of total renewable water resources || || 0.5573|| || || || | |Freshwater withdrawal as % of total renewable water resources || || 0.5573|| || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Renewable groundwater resources (Million cubic metres/year) || || || ||350 || || |
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Groundwater produced internally (Million cubic metres/year) || || || || ||14,000 || | |Groundwater produced internally (Million cubic metres/year) || || || || ||14,000 || | ||
Line 155: | Line 146: | ||
<sup>1</sup> More information on [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics] | <sup>1</sup> More information on [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics] | ||
+ | |||
==Geology== | ==Geology== | ||
− | The geology map | + | The geology map shows a simplified version of the geology at a national scale (see the [[Geology | Geology resources page]] for more details). |
− | |||
− | + | [[File:Guinea-Bissau_Geology2.png | center | thumb| 500px | Geology of Guinea Bissau at 1:5 million scale. Based on map described by Persits et al. 2002/Furon and Lombard 1964. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geology | geology resource page]].]] | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | [[File:Guinea- | ||
Line 172: | Line 160: | ||
'''Summary''' | '''Summary''' | ||
− | Guinea-Bissau | + | Guinea-Bissau can be divided into an eastern zone with predominantly Paleozoic and some Precambrian rocks, and a western zone with mainly late Mesozoic to Cenozoic sediments. The sedimentary facies of the Paleozoic are mainly clastic, with carbonates occurring only in the Silurian. The Cretaceous to Cenozoic sediments are mainly of marine origin (University of Guelph). |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 189: | Line 170: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Quaternary | |Quaternary | ||
− | || | + | ||Likely to be mainly coastal deposits, including beach sands. |
|- | |- | ||
− | !colspan="4"| | + | !colspan="4"|Upper Cretaceous - Tertiary sedimentary |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
+ | |Maastrichtian, Palaeocene-Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene | ||
+ | ||A sequence of largely marine sedimentary rocks, including limestones, marls, clays, silts, sands and phosphates. Drilling investigations have proved a ~5m thick phosphate layer in the Palaeocene-Eocene sequence, with 25-50m of overlying sediments. | ||
!colspan="4"|Igneous | !colspan="4"|Igneous | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 209: | Line 183: | ||
!colspan="4"|Palaeozoic sedimentary | !colspan="4"|Palaeozoic sedimentary | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |Devonian | + | |Upper and Lower Devonian |
− | ||Shales and sandstones | + | ||Shales and sandstones, including the Upper Devonian Bafata Group. |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Silurian | |Silurian | ||
− | || | + | ||Rocks of the Buba Group, including sandstones with some organic rich/carbonaceous black shales. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Ordovician | + | |Cambrian-Ordovician |
− | ||Sandstones, shales, conglomerates and rare limestones | + | ||Sandstones, shales, conglomerates and rare limestones. |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | !colspan="4"|Precambrian | + | !colspan="4"|Precambrian metamorphic complex |
|- | |- | ||
|Neoproterozoic | |Neoproterozoic | ||
− | ||A volcanic and metasedimentary complex, including schists, quartzites and metavolcanic rocks | + | ||A volcanic and metasedimentary complex, including schists, quartzites and metavolcanic rocks. |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 237: | Line 203: | ||
The hydrogeology map below shows a simplified version of the type and productivity of the main aquifers at a national scale (see the [[Hydrogeology Map | hydrogeology map]] resource page for more details). | The hydrogeology map below shows a simplified version of the type and productivity of the main aquifers at a national scale (see the [[Hydrogeology Map | hydrogeology map]] resource page for more details). | ||
− | More information on the hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau is in the report [ | + | More information on the hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau is available in the report [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/fulldetails.cfm?id=AGLA060039 United Nations (1988)] (see References section, below). |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | [[File:Guinea-Bissau_Hydrogeology.png| center | thumb| 500px | Hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau at 1:5million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Hydrogeology Map | hydrogeology map]] resource page]] | |
− | |||
− | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | [[File: Hydrogeology_Key.png | center| 500x195px]] | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | === Transboundary aquifers=== | |
− | |||
− | + | For further information about transboundary aquifers, please see the [[Transboundary aquifers | Transboundary aquifers resources page]]. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | For further | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | References with more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau can be accessed through the [ | + | References with more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau can be accessed through the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/searchResults.cfm?title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=GW&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]. |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
University of Guelph. [http://www.uoguelph.ca/~geology/rocks_for_crops/30guinea_bissau.PDF Rocks for Crops]. | University of Guelph. [http://www.uoguelph.ca/~geology/rocks_for_crops/30guinea_bissau.PDF Rocks for Crops]. | ||
Line 404: | Line 226: | ||
WES. [https://www.unicef.org/guineabissau_wes.pdf Guinea Bissau: Country Profile]. Water, Environment and Sanitation (WES), UNICEF. | WES. [https://www.unicef.org/guineabissau_wes.pdf Guinea Bissau: Country Profile]. Water, Environment and Sanitation (WES), UNICEF. | ||
− | United Nations. 1988. [ | + | United Nations. 1988. [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/fulldetails.cfm?id=AGLA060039 Groundwater in North and West Africa: Guinea-Bissau]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa. |
− | |||
− | |||
− | Return to the index pages | + | ==Return to the index pages== |
[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau | [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Guinea Bissau | ||