Hydrogeology of Madagascar: Difference between revisions

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[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]]  >> Hydrogeology of Madagascar  
[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home | Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country | Hydrogeology by country]]  >> Hydrogeology of Madagascar  


'''This page has limited information and needs to be updated. If you have more information on the hydrogeology of Madagascar , please get in touch!'''
Context
Groundwater is of great economic and social importance in Madagascar. Groundwater is a major source of public supply, with several towns entirely reliant on groundwater, and is the only available water source in the semi-arid south and other dry areas.
It is difficult to find good, reliable data on the hydrogeology of Madagascar. Even if they exist, groundwater data are often hard to access from the organisations that hold the data, such as government, international organisations, NGOs, and drilling and engineering companies.




==Compilers==
==Compilers==


'''Dr Kirsty Upton''' and '''Brighid Ó Dochartaigh''', British Geological Survey, UK
'''Dr Kirsty Upton''', '''Brighid Ó Dochartaigh''', British Geological Survey, UK
'''Mathieu Monteleone''', Bushproof, Madagascar


Please cite this page as: Upton & Ó Dochartaigh, 2016.
Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Monteleone, 2016.
 
Bibliographic reference: Upton, K., Ó Dochartaigh, B.É. and Moneoleone, M. 2017. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Madagascar. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Madagascar


Bibliographic reference: Upton, K. & Ó Dochartaigh, B.É. 2016. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Madagascar. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Madagascar


==Terms and conditions==
==Terms and conditions==
Line 16: Line 21:
The Africa Groundwater Atlas is hosted by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and includes information from third party sources. Your use of information provided by this website is at your own risk. If reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa Groundwater Atlas and the third party sources. Please see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Terms of Use | Terms of use]] for more information.
The Africa Groundwater Atlas is hosted by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and includes information from third party sources. Your use of information provided by this website is at your own risk. If reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa Groundwater Atlas and the third party sources. Please see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Terms of Use | Terms of use]] for more information.


==Geographical Setting==
==Setting==
 
[[File:Madagascar_Political.png | right | frame | Madagascar. Map developed from USGS GTOPOPO30; GADM global administrative areas; and UN Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geography | geography resource page]].]]
 
===General===
 
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{| class = "wikitable"
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<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: World Bank
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: World Bank
===Geography===
Madagascar has an area of 592,000 km2; is 1600 km from north to south, and has a maximum width of 600 km from west to east. It lies 300 km east of the east African coast, in the intertropical zone.
There are two main geomorphological regions in Madagascar:
- A highland area, which covers two-thirds of Madagascar, formed by Precambrian basement rocks. This landscape has rounded hills separated by plains, with river valleys. The highest part is the Tsaratanana massif, which reaches 2,876 m, and the highlands have an average altitude of 2000 m.
- Lowland sedimentary basins around the coasts, which cover one third of the country. The west coast of Madagascar is dominated by mangroves and swamps; the southwest and extreme south by sand dunes; and the east by sandy beaches.
[[File:Madagascar_Political.png | right | frame | Madagascar. Map developed from USGS GTOPOPO30; GADM global administrative areas; and UN Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geography | geography resource page]].]]





Revision as of 16:42, 14 November 2017

Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Hydrogeology by country >> Hydrogeology of Madagascar

Context

Groundwater is of great economic and social importance in Madagascar. Groundwater is a major source of public supply, with several towns entirely reliant on groundwater, and is the only available water source in the semi-arid south and other dry areas. It is difficult to find good, reliable data on the hydrogeology of Madagascar. Even if they exist, groundwater data are often hard to access from the organisations that hold the data, such as government, international organisations, NGOs, and drilling and engineering companies.


Compilers

Dr Kirsty Upton, Brighid Ó Dochartaigh, British Geological Survey, UK Mathieu Monteleone, Bushproof, Madagascar

Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Monteleone, 2016.

Bibliographic reference: Upton, K., Ó Dochartaigh, B.É. and Moneoleone, M. 2017. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Madagascar. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Madagascar


Terms and conditions

The Africa Groundwater Atlas is hosted by the British Geological Survey (BGS) and includes information from third party sources. Your use of information provided by this website is at your own risk. If reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa Groundwater Atlas and the third party sources. Please see the Terms of use for more information.

Setting

Estimated Population in 2013* 22,924,851
Rural Population (% of total) (2013)* 66.2%
Total Surface Area* 581,795 sq km
Agricultural Land (% of total area) (2012)* 71.2%
Capital City Antananarivo
Region Eastern Africa
Border Countries none - Indian Ocean.
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal (2013)* 16,500 Million cubic metres
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Agriculture (2013)* 97.8%
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Domestic Use (2013)* 1.4%
Annual Freshwater Withdrawal for Industry (2013)* 0.8%
Rural Population with Access to Improved Water Source (2012)* 35.4%
Urban Population with Access to Improved Water Source (2012)* 78.2%

* Source: World Bank

Geography

Madagascar has an area of 592,000 km2; is 1600 km from north to south, and has a maximum width of 600 km from west to east. It lies 300 km east of the east African coast, in the intertropical zone. There are two main geomorphological regions in Madagascar: - A highland area, which covers two-thirds of Madagascar, formed by Precambrian basement rocks. This landscape has rounded hills separated by plains, with river valleys. The highest part is the Tsaratanana massif, which reaches 2,876 m, and the highlands have an average altitude of 2000 m. - Lowland sedimentary basins around the coasts, which cover one third of the country. The west coast of Madagascar is dominated by mangroves and swamps; the southwest and extreme south by sand dunes; and the east by sandy beaches.

Madagascar. Map developed from USGS GTOPOPO30; GADM global administrative areas; and UN Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. For more information on the map development and datasets see the geography resource page.



Climate

Koppen Geiger Climate ZonesAverage Annual PrecipitationAverage Temperature

Average monthly precipitation for Madagascar showing minimum and maximum (light blue), 25th and 75th percentile (blue), and median (dark blue) rainfall Average monthly temperature for Madagascar showing minimum and maximum (orange), 25th and 75th percentile (red), and median (black) temperature Quarterly precipitation over the period 1950-2012 Monthly precipitation (blue) over the period 2000-2012 compared with the long term monthly average (red)

More information on average rainfall and temperature for each of the climate zones in Madagascar can be seen at the Madagascar climate page.

These maps and graphs were developed from the CRU TS 3.21 dataset produced by the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, UK. For more information see the climate resource page.

Surface water


Major surface water features of Madagascar. Map developed from World Wildlife Fund HydroSHEDS; Digital Chart of the World drainage; and FAO Inland Water Bodies. For more information on the map development and datasets see the surface water resource page.

Soil

Soil Map of Madagascar, from the European Commission Joint Research Centre: European Soil Portal. For more information on the map see the soil resource page.

Land cover

Land Cover Map of Madagascar, from the European Space Agency GlobCover 2.3, 2009. For more information on the map see the land cover resource page.


Geology

The geology map on this page shows a simplified version of the geology at a national scale (see the Geology resource page for more details). More information is available in the report UN (1988) (see References section, below).


Geology of Madagascar at 1:5 million scale. Developed from USGS map (Persits et al. 2002). For more information on the map development and datasets see the geology resource page.

Hydrogeology

The hydrogeology map below shows a simplified overview of the type and productivity of the main aquifers at a national scale (see the Hydrogeology map resource page for more details).

More information on the hydrogeology of Madagascar is available in the report United Nations (1988) (see References section, below).

Madagascar is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the SADC Groundwater Information Portal.


 

Groundwater management

There was information on more than 3,000 water boreholes across the country in 2009. Geological logs for these boreholes are not available. There was no information about large diameter wells.


References

Other references with more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Madagascar may be accessed through the Africa Groundwater Literature Archive.

Online resources

SADC Groundwater Information Portal

General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC

Documents

United Nations. 1989. Groundwater in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: Madagascar. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development.

Return to the index pages

Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Hydrogeology by country >> Hydrogeology of Madagascar