Editing Hydrogeology of Zimbabwe
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=== Groundwater use=== | === Groundwater use=== | ||
− | Groundwater is the main drinking water source in rural parts of Zimbabwe. According to the 2012 census, about 38% of a total of 3,059,016 Zimbabwean households fetched their water from boreholes and protected wells (Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency 2012) | + | Groundwater is the main drinking water source in rural parts of Zimbabwe. According to the 2012 census, about 38% of a total of 3,059,016 Zimbabwean households fetched their water from boreholes and protected wells (Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency 2012). |
− | In addition to domestic use in rural and urban areas, groundwater supplies agriculture and industry in Zimbabwe | + | In addition to domestic use in rural and urban areas, groundwater supplies agriculture and industry in Zimbabwe. |
− | Overall, groundwater presently contributes not more than 10% to the total water use in Zimbabwe (Sunguro et al. 2000). | + | The total annual abstraction of groundwater in the rural areas, from some 40,000 boreholes, is estimated at 35 x 10 6 m³ and the total groundwater abstraction for the agricultural sector is estimated at 350 x 10 6 m³. Groundwater is also abstracted for emerging towns known as Growth Points (e.g. Gokwe), urban centres (e.g. Bulawayo) and rural institutions (e.g. schools, health and business centres). Overall, groundwater presently contributes not more than 10% to the total water use in Zimbabwe (Sunguro et al. 2000). |
− | + | In rural areas, water is mainly abstracted by boreholes fitted with a hand pump, due to limited electrification, while electric pumps are more common in urban areas. | |
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− | In rural areas, water is mainly abstracted by boreholes fitted with a hand pump, due to limited electrification | ||
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=== Groundwater management=== | === Groundwater management=== | ||
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===Key Hydrogeology References=== | ===Key Hydrogeology References=== | ||
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IGRAC. 2013. [http://www.un-igrac.org/dynamics/modules/SFIL0100/view.php?fil_Id=242 Groundwater Monitoring in the SADC Region]. | IGRAC. 2013. [http://www.un-igrac.org/dynamics/modules/SFIL0100/view.php?fil_Id=242 Groundwater Monitoring in the SADC Region]. | ||
Interconsult. 1985. [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/sadc/fulldetails.cfm?id=ZW2024&country=Zimbabwe National Master Plan for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation]. Volume 22 Hydrogeology. Ministry of Energy and Water Resources Development, Zimbabwe. | Interconsult. 1985. [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/sadc/fulldetails.cfm?id=ZW2024&country=Zimbabwe National Master Plan for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation]. Volume 22 Hydrogeology. Ministry of Energy and Water Resources Development, Zimbabwe. | ||
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Rusinga F and Taigbenu AE. 2005. Groundwater resource evaluation of urban Bulawayo aquifer. Water SA Vol. 31 No. 1 January 2005. ISSN 0378-4738. | Rusinga F and Taigbenu AE. 2005. Groundwater resource evaluation of urban Bulawayo aquifer. Water SA Vol. 31 No. 1 January 2005. ISSN 0378-4738. | ||
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UN-IGRAC. 2012. Transboundary aquifers of the world, update 2012. 1:50 000 000. Sepcial Edition for the 6th World Water Forum, Marseille. | UN-IGRAC. 2012. Transboundary aquifers of the world, update 2012. 1:50 000 000. Sepcial Edition for the 6th World Water Forum, Marseille. | ||
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===Other references=== | ===Other references=== |