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:[[Jersey Shale Formation - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#The regional setting|The regional setting]]
:[[Jersey Shale Formation - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#The regional setting|The regional setting]]


[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 3 Jersey Volcanic Group]]
===[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 3 Jersey Volcanic Group]]===


:[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#St Saviour's Andesite Formation|St Saviour's Andesite Formation]]
:[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#St Saviour's Andesite Formation|St Saviour's Andesite Formation]]
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:[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#Bouley Rhyolite Formation|Bouley Rhyolite Formation]]
:[[Jersey Volcanic Group - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#Bouley Rhyolite Formation|Bouley Rhyolite Formation]]


[[Rozel Conglomerate Formation - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 4 Rozel Conglomerate Formation]]
=== [[Rozel Conglomerate Formation - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 4 Rozel Conglomerate Formation]]===


[[Plutonic igneous rocks - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 5 Plutonic igneous rocks]]
[[Plutonic igneous rocks - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 5 Plutonic igneous rocks]]
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:[[Plutonic igneous rocks - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#South-east granite|South-east granite]]
:[[Plutonic igneous rocks - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#South-east granite|South-east granite]]


[[Minor igneous intrusions - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 6 Minor igneous intrusions]]
===[[Minor igneous intrusions - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2|Chapter 6 Minor igneous intrusions]]===


:[[Minor igneous intrusions - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#Basic intrusions|Basic intrusions]]
:[[Minor igneous intrusions - Jersey, description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2#Basic intrusions|Basic intrusions]]

Revision as of 20:12, 13 November 2019

From: Bishop. A. C. and Bisson. G.1989. Jersey: description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2. Classical areas of British geology, London: HMSO for British Geological Survey. © Crown copyright 1989.

Jersey (Channel Islands Sheet 2). 1:25 000 series - Classical areas of British geology

Front cover
Rear cover

Jersey - description of 1:25 000 Channel Islands Sheet 2

Authors and contributors

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Jersey Shale Formation

Outcrop distribution and exposure
Lithology
Metamorphism
Sedimentology
Environment of deposition
The regional setting

Chapter 3 Jersey Volcanic Group

St Saviour's Andesite Formation
St John's Rhyolite Formation
Bouley Rhyolite Formation

Chapter 4 Rozel Conglomerate Formation

Chapter 5 Plutonic igneous rocks

Gabbro and diorite
North-west granite
Belle Hougue igneous complex
South-west granite
South-east granite

Chapter 6 Minor igneous intrusions

Basic intrusions
Acid intrusions
Lamprophyres
Intrusive sequence
Genesis

Chapter 7 Geological structure

Folds in the Jersey Shale Formation

Folds in the Jersey Volcanic Group
Folds in the Rozel Conglomerate Formation
Faults
Tectonic history

Chapter 8 Quaternary deposits

Pleistocene
Holocene

Chapter 9 Geophysical field surveys

Gravity survey
Magnetic survey

Chapter 10 Economic geology

Quarrying
Sand and gravel
Brick clay and brickearth
Limestone
Fuel
Minerals
Water supply

References

Glossary

Authors and contributors

  • A. C. Bishop. BSc. PHD Department of Mineralogy, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7.
  • G. Bisson, BSc, ARSM Little Newcombes, Newton St Cyres, Exeter, Devon EX5 5AW
  • Contributors
  • J. C. Brides, MA, PhD Natural Environment Research Council Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wilts SN2 1 ET
  • R. A. Clark, BSc, PhD Department of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 417
  • D. G. Helm, BSc, PhD Department of Earth Sciences, Goldsmiths' College, University of London, Rachel McMillan Building, Creek Road, London SE8 .3BU
  • = D. H. Keen, BSc, PhD Department of Geography, Coventry (Lanchester) Polytechnic, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB =
  • G. J. Lees, BSc Department of Geology, University of Keele, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG
  • A. E. Mourant, MA, DPhil, DM, FRCP, FRS The Dower House, Maison de Haut, Longueville, St Saviour, Jersey, Channel Islands
  • J. T. Renouf, Bsc., PhD Maison Petit Port, St Brelade, ,Jersey, Channel Islands
  • C. M. Thomas, BSc, PhD Esso Norge, PO Box 60, N4033 Forus, Norway

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Glossary

Acicular Needle-shaped.
Adamellite Granite in which alkali feldspar and plagioclase occur in about equal amounts.
Agglomerate A volcanic rock formed of pyroclastic blocks or fragments generally more than 64 mm in diameter.
Air-fall tuff A tuff formed by consolidation of fine-grained pyroclastic debris (ash) which was laid down on land from the air.
Amphibolite A metamorphic rock consisting mainly of amphibole and plagioclase.
Amygdale A gas bubble or cavity in an igneous rock which has been filled with secondary minerals.
Andesite A lava of intermediate composition consisting of plagioclase feldspar (usually andesine) and one or more ferromagnesian minerals.
Andinotype An orogeny characterised by sedimentation in fault-margined furrows, andesites, I-type tonalites, burial metamorphism, cauldron batholiths that feed volcanoes, and vertical movement with minimal shortening.
Anticline A fold, generally convex upward (an arch), the core of which contains the older rocks.
Aphyric Adjective applied usually to a fine-grained igneous rock which lacks phenocrysts.
Aplite A light-coloured, fine- to medium-grained acid igneous rock with an equigranular texture and consisting mainly of quartz and feldspar.
Aplogranite A light-coloured, even-grained plutonic acid igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz and alkali feldspar.
Apophysis An offshoot from an igneous intrusion.
Appinite A dark-coloured plutonic igneous rock rich in hornblende which commonly occurs as elongate prismatic crystals.
Ash Unconsolidated fine-grained pyroclastic debris.
Assimilation Incorporation of foreign material into a magma.
Aureole The rocks adjoining an igneous intrusion that have suffered contact metamorphism.
Authigenesis The process whereby minerals are formed in place within a sedimentary rock during or after deposition.
Autobreccia A rock composed of angular fragments, formed by a process that is penecontemporaneous with the deposition or consolidation of the rock.
Axial plane The surface that passes through successive hinge lines within a fold.
Axial trace The line of intersection of the axial plane or axial surface of a fold with the Earth's surface.
Axiolite A spherulitic aggregate elongated along a central axis.
Basalt A fine-grained lava or minor intrusion composed mainly of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene with or without olivine.
Base-surge A cloud of gas and solid debris that moves rapidly outward from the base of a volcanic explosion column.
Bouguer anomaly A gravity anomaly left after corrections have been made for the attraction effect of topography.
Braid To branch and rejoin repeatedly, forming a network.
Breccio-conglomerate A sedimentary rock consisting of angular and rounded sedimentary clasts.
Camptonite A lamprophyre consisting mainly of plagioclase (usually labradorite) and brown hornblende, the hornblende forming elongated prismatic crystals.
Cataclasite A rock formed by shattering less severe than would produce a mylonite.
China-stone Any form of granitic rock used in the manufacture of china and usually, but not necessarily, kaolinised.
Clast A grain or fragment in a sedimentary rock.
Cleavage Aligned and closely spaced tectonic surfaces along which a rock tends to split.
Columnar jointing Prismatic fractures in lavas, sills or dykes that have resulted from cooling.
= Concretion =


= A nodular or irregular mass formed by the secondary precipitation of minerals about a nucleus or centre in a sedimentary rock. =


Conglomerate A sedimentary rock consisting of cemented rounded pebbles or clasts.
Contact metamorphism Metamorphism resulting from the emplacement of a body of magma.
Cross-cut A mine tunnel driven through barren rock, commonly to intersect a mineral deposit.
Crystal fractionation The separation of a cooling magma into parts of differing composition by the successive crystallisation and settling of different minerals at progressively lower temperatures.
Devitrification The replacement of glassy texture by crystalline texture in a volcanic rock during or after cooling.
Dextral fault A fault in which the rock on the far side appears to have been moved horizontally to the right.
Diagenesis The sum of the processes involved in changing a sediment into a sedimentary rock.
Diorite A plutonic igneous rock of intermediate composition consisting essentially of plagioclase and hornblende, with or without biotite and pyroxene.
Disconformity A break in the stratigraphic sequence without major structural discordance.
Dolerite A medium-grained igneous rock consisting mainly of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene, commonly with an ophitic texture, with or without olivine.
Dolmen A prehistoric burial chamber.
Drag fold A fold produced by differential movement between beds on the limb of a large fold or by shearing in a fault zone.
Dune A ripple-like bedform greater than 10cm in height and 1 m in wavelength.
Enclave An inclusion or fragment enclosed in an igneous rock.
Epiclastic An adjective applied to sedimentary rock formed of fragments derived by weathering and erosion of older rocks.
Epidiorite A metamorphosed basic igneous rock, consisting principally of amphibole and plagioclase.
Eugeosynclinal A major elongate structural and sedimentological unit of the Earth's crust, with a thick sequence of deep-water sediments and characteristic igneous rocks.
Euhedral An adjective applied to mineral grains in igneous rocks that are bounded by their natural crystal faces.
Eutaxitic texture The texture in tuffs where shards and pumice are flattened to give a banded or streaky appearance.
Facies The lithology, structure, fauna, etc., of a rock unit.
Felsite A fine-grained igneous rock composed mainly of quartz and feldspar. Fiamme Collapsed pumice fragments in ignimbrite, commonly with ragged terminations.
Flow banding A structure characterised by alternating layers of slightly .different composition and texture owing to the movement of magma, most common in silicic lava flows.
Fluxion banding Flow banding.
Flysch A marine sedimentary facies comprising a thick sequence of sandstones, shales and mudstones, typically found on the borders of the Alps.
Fold axis or hinge-line The line at which the two sides or limbs of a fold meet.
Gabbro A coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock composed essentially of basic plagioclase and pyroxene with or without olivine.
Gneiss A foliated metamorphic rock in which layers of coarsely granular minerals alternate with layers or lenticles of platy minerals.
Graded bed A sedimentary unit in which the grains normally show a progression from coarse below to fine above. Some beds display inverse grading.
Granite In common usage, a coarse-grained acid igneous rock consisting essentially of quartz, feldspar and mica. More precisely, the feldspar is predominantly (greater than 2/3) alkali feldspar.
Granoblastic A textural term used of regionally metamorphosed rocks having mineral grains of the same general size.
Granophyre A granitic rock in which the bulk consists of micrographic intergrowths of quartz and potassic feldspar, giving a texture called granophyric.
Gravity gradient A measure of the change in the value of gravity relative to horizontal distance.
Greenschist facies Regionally metamorphosed rocks produced under conditions of low temperature and low to medium pressure.
Greywacke A poorly sorted sandstone with more than 15 per cent interstitial matrix and angular to subangular grains of quartz, feldspar and lithic fragments.
Heavy mineral A mineral with specific gravity greater than 2.9; a mineral that will sink in bromoform.
Hornfels A rock consisting of fine equidimensional grains without preferred orientation, produced by contact metamorphism.
Humic Derived from plants.
Hydrothermal Relating to hot solutions emanating from a magma.
Idiomorphic See euhedral.
Ignimbrite A subaerial pyroclastic rock formed by the deposition and consolidation of ash flows and glowing avalanches (nuees ardentes).
Imbrication A sloping and overlapping arrangement.
Intraclast A sedimentary rock fragment derived penecontemporaneously from within the sedimentary basin, e.g. pebbles in an intraformational conglomerate.
Isochron A straight line constructed most commonly by plotting the ratio 87Rb/86Sr against the ratio 87Sr/86Sr, or 207Pb/204Pb or 208Pb/204Pb against 206Pb/204Pb, for different rocks or minerals from the same geological body. The slope of the isochron is a function of the age of the body.
Isocline A fold with parallel limbs. Isotopic dating The determination of the age of a rock by methods based on the nuclear decay of certain natural chemical elements contained within it.
Kaersutite A titanium-bearing amphibole.
Keratophyre A soda-rich acid to intermediate lava or minor intrusion.
Kersantite A lamprophyre consisting mainly of biotite and plagioclase, usually accompanied by augite and/or hornblende.
Lacustrine Relating to a lake.
Lahar A mudflow composed of volcaniclastic material.
Lamprophyre A general term for dark, porphyritic intrusive igneous rocks composed of phenocrysts of one or more of dark mica, pyroxene, amphibole or olivine in a groundmass of alkali feldspar or plagioclase. Some lamprophyres are feldspar-free.
Lapilli Fragments in the range of 5 to 50 mm ejected by volcanic eruption.
Liquefaction Quicksand effect in soft sediments owing to sudden increase in pore fluid pressure and loss of cohesion.
Lithic Made of rock.
Machair Low-lying sandy environment.
Mafic. Rich in ferromagnesian minerals
Magnetic anomaly A departure from the normal magnetic field of the Earth.
Megacryst A crystal significantly larger than the grains in the surrounding groundmass of an igneous rock. Metasediment Metamorphosed sedimentary rock.
Metasomatism Metamorphism involving a change in the bulk composition of the affected rock.
Microlites, microliths Microscopic needle-like crystals generally found in volcanic rocks and having some determinable optical properties.
Minette A lamprophyre in which biotite forms phenocrysts and orthoclase is the main feldspar.
Molasse A sequence of sedimentary rocks laid down in intermontane basins.
Monchiquite A lamprophyre composed essentially of phenocrysts of pyroxene, olivine and titanium-bearing amphibole in an isotropic groundmass consisting largely of analcime, commonly highly altered.
Monzonite A coarse-grained igneous rock intermediate in composition between syenite and diorite, containing approximately equal amounts of potassic feldspar and plagioclase.
Mortar structure A structure produced by the mechanical fracture of rocks, especially granites and gneisses, such that the comminuted grains of quartz and feldspar surround larger grains of the same minerals.
Mylonite A compact fine-grained streaked and flinty rock formed by severe granulation and shearing of rocks during dynamic metamorphism.
Neomagmatic An adjective referring to magma formed by partial or complete refusion of pre-existing rocks.
Orthogneiss A coarse-grained rock produced by the regional metamorphism of igneous rocks.
Palaeocurrent A current that flowed in the geological past.
Palaeomagnetism The study of natural remanent magnetisation in order to determine the intensity and direction of the Earth's magnetic field in the geological past.
Palaeoslope A slope that existed in the geological past.
Parasitic fold A relatively small fold on the limb or in the hinge of a larger congruous fold of the same generation.
Parataxitic texture An extreme variation of eutaxitic texture in tuffs, in which the shards and pumice lumps are flattened and appear to have been drawn out.
Pegmatite An exceptionally coarse-grained igneous rock. Most pegmatites are granitic and form irregular dykes, lenses or veins, especially near margins of intrusions.
Pelitic Argillaceous
Pericline (doubly plunging fold) A fold in which the beds dip outwards from the centre (dome) or towards the centre (basin).
Perlitic texture Small-scale arcuate cracks caused by cooling in volcanic glass.
Petrographical Pertaining to the descriptive aspects of the study of rocks (petrology).
Phenocryst A crystal in an igneous rock that is conspicuously larger than those of the matrix in which it is set.
Plunge The inclination of a fold axis. Plutonic Relating to igneous rocks formed at great depth in the Earth. P
neumatolysis Alteration of a rock, or crystallisation of minerals, by gases emanating from a magma.
Poikilitic A texture in which smaller crystals of one mineral are enclosed within a larger crystal of another.
Poikiloblastic A texture in a metamorphic rock formed where a recrystallised mineral surrounds relicts of earlier minerals.
Polygenetic Originating in more than one way.
Porphyritic A texture in which larger crystals in an igneous rock are set in a finer-grained groundmass, as in a porphyry.
Porphyroblast A large, usually well shaped crystal, that has grown in a finer-grained matrix during metamorphism.
Pressure solution The mass transfer of material by fluid diffusion from one part of a rock to another as a result of grainto-grain contact during tectonic deformation.
Propylite A hydrothermally altered andesite or related rock containing secondary minerals such as chlorite, zoisite and calcite.
Provenance Source areas from which fragments in sedimentary rocks have been derived.
Proximal Close to the source of supply of sedimentary material.
Pseudomorph A mineral whose outward crystal form is that of another, which it has replaced.
Pumice A highly vesiculated glassy lava, usually of rhyolite and light enough to float in water.
Pyroclastic Adjective describing a elastic rock formed by explosion or eruption from a volcanic vent.
Quartz-wacke A sedimentary rock with 15 per cent or more matrix in which framework grains are mainly quartz.
Radiocarbon date The age of a deposit determined by measuring the content of carbon-14 ("C) in organic material.
Raised beach A beach deposit left at a level above that of the modern beach, following a lowering of sea level.
Rhyolite A fine-grained acid extrusive igneous rock, commonly porphyritic and flow-banded.
Ripple mark A small sand ridge formed by the movement of water or sediment over unconsolidated sediment. Ripples usually have a cross-laminated internal structure useful in determining the palaeocurrent direction.
Schist A strongly foliated metamorphic rock in which the lamellar or elongate minerals show parallel orientation.
Scree An accumulation of angular rock fragments, usually at the foot of and derived from a cliff or hill.
Shard A glass fragment typically found in pyroclastic rocks, having distinctive cuspate margins.
Shear A fracture caused by shearing due to compressive stress.
Sinistral fault A fault in which the rock on the far side appears to have been moved horizontally to the left.
Sole mark A sedimentary structure at the base of a bed produced by currents and used to determine the direction of palaeocurrent flow.
Spessartite A lamprophyre consisting mainly of phenocrysts of hornblende set in a groundmass of sodic plagioclase.
Spherulite A mass of radiating crystals, usually spherical in shape.
Stalagmite A column of calcareous material deposited on the floor of a cave by water dripping from the roof.
Strike slip The component of the movement on a fault that is parallel to the strike of the fault.
Subhedral crystal A mineral within an igneous rock only partly bounded by its natural crystal faces.
Sub-volcanic Relating to the region below the Earth's surface where dykes and sills are intruded.
Supracrustal Descriptive of rock that overlies the basement.
Syenite A plutonic rock consisting essentially of alkali-feldspars and amphibole or dark mica.
Syncline A fold, generally convex downward, the core of which contains the younger rocks.
Synclinorium A composite regional syncline composed of lesser folds.
Synplutonic A term used to describe a dyke intruded into a granite rock before the granite had solidified.
Tear fault A fault in which the movement has been substantially in a horizontal sense.
Tectonic Relating to the forces involved in the large-scale structural evolution of the upper part of the Earth's crust.
Tectonic pitting The indentation of one sedimentary grain by another.
Trace fossil A sedimentary structure, such as a track or boring, left by an animal in the geological past.
Tuff A lithified deposit of volcanic ash.
Tuffite An admixture of pyroclastic (>25 per cent) and epiclastic (>25 per cent) material.
Turbidity current A turbulent current laden with suspended sediment at the base of a column of water that flowed down a slope under the influence of gravity.
Unconformity A break in the stratigraphical sequence marked by a structural discordance.
Vergence The direction in which a fold is inclined or overturned.
Volcaniclastic Composed mainly of volcanic rock fragments.
Wrench fault A tear fault.
Xenocryst A crystal in an igneous rock to which it is not genetically related.
Xenolith An inclusion in an igneous rock to which it is not genetically related.