Page 51 |
P806213 |
Settle from the Mains Field from N.E. Settle Excursion. Added note: Railway viaduct, The town.
|
Page 51 |
P806214 |
Settle from the Mains Field from N.E. Settle Excursion. Added note: High Hill, The Banks, Castleburgh.
|
Page 51 |
P806215 |
Settle from the S.W. Settle Excursion. Added note: Ingleborough, Smearside, Castleburgh, Penyghent, High Hill.
|
Page 51 |
P806216 |
Settle from the South. Settle Excursion.
|
Page 53 |
P806217 |
The Ribble at Settle. Settle Excursion.
|
Page 53 |
P806218 |
Settle from Castleburgh. Settle Excursion. Added note: Giggleswick School.
|
Page 53 |
P806219 |
Settle Excursion.
|
Page 55 |
P806220 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Penyghent from the West.
|
Page 55 |
P806221 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Penyghent from above Thund Pot.
|
Page 55 |
P806222 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Penyghent from the moor. Thund Pot in hollow on right.
|
Page 57 |
P806223 |
Thirl Pot. Settle Excursion. Bed of the beck that feeds the Pot. In ordinary times the water that runs along this course is lost down swallow holes in its bed and only falls over the edge after very rainy weather.
|
Page 57 |
P806224 |
Thirl Pot. Settle Excursion. In the North East corner is a cave where the water can be heard dashing down a subterranean waterfall.
|
Page 57 |
P806225 |
Thirl Pot. Settle Excursion. In very wet weather or after a storm the water from the beck falls over the edge on the right and bringing down pebbles in its course strews them over the bottom of the pot.
|
Page 57 |
P806226 |
Thirl Pot. Settle Excursion. Occasionally after a severe continuance of rain the underground passages are unable to carry away the water and the pot fills up, it being said locally 'to boil over'.
|
Page 59 |
P806227 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. During times of intense rain and flood, Hull Pot after filling up and 'boiling over' is unable to carry away all the water that comes down?.
|
Page 59 |
P806228 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. ..from the hills. It then follows the old bed of its ancient course and along this now dry valley where over the edges of..
|
Page 59 |
P806229 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. ..these cliffs it descends by various steps to the lowest level and finally makes..
|
GAPage 59012 |
P806230 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. ..its way along this valley until it enters Douk Ghyll where it falls from the upper corner of its scar.
|
Page 61 |
P806231 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Weathered limestone at foot of Penyghent. This limestone is affected by the weather much more than the other rocks of this district and from their condition it is seen that the whole of the limestone surface of the hill has been weathered away to a depth of from two to four feet.
|
Page 61 |
P806232 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Weathered limestone at foot of Penyghent. This limestone is affected by the weather much more than the other rocks of this district and from their condition it is seen that the whole of the limestone surface of the hill has been weathered away to a depth of from two to four feet.
|
Page 61 |
P806233 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Interior of a water sink or Pot. This limestone having many joints or cracks allows the water draining from the boggy ground above to run through. The water having humic and carbonic acid in solution widens the joints and so allows the water to sink down and emerges at the base of the scar instead of falling over the top.
|
Page 61 |
P806234 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. A 'scar' below Penyghent. This limestone having many joints or cracks allows the water draining from the boggy ground above to run through. The water having humic and carbonic acid in solution widens the joints and so allows the water to sink down and emerges at the base of the scar instead of falling over the top. Added note: water issues here.
|
Page 63 |
P806235 |
Thund Pot. Settle Excursion. The face down which the beck falls. This pot on the flank of Penyghent is of great depth (about 200 feet) and consists of one pot within another.
|
Page 63 |
P806236 |
Thund Pot. Settle Excursion. Interior of Thund Pot.
|
Page 63 |
P806237 |
Thund Pot. Settle Excursion. The main pot is about 60 feet wide and the oval chasm which receives the water is 15 feet by 6 feet.
|
Page 63 |
P806238 |
Thund Pot. Settle Excursion. The water descending this pot reappears near Horton as the Bransgill Beck.
|
Page 65 |
P806239 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Bransgill Beck. The water which forms this beck or brook is obtained from the moors by Penyghent. The water descends Thund Pot and reappears at Bransgill.
|
Page 65 |
P806240 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Bransgill Beck. The water which forms this beck or brook is obtained from the moors by Penyghent. The water descends Thund Pot and reappears at Bransgill.
|
Page 65 |
P806241 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Douk Beck. This water also coming from the same district descends Thirl Pot and in its course crosses diagonally the Thund Pot water in its subterranean journey and reappears at Douk Gill.
|
Page 65 |
P806242 |
Horton in Ribblesdale. Settle Excursion. Douk Beck. This water also coming from the same district descends Thirl Pot and in its course crosses diagonally the Thund Pot water in its subterranean journey and reappears at Douk Gill.
|
Page 67 |
P806243 |
Arco Wood Quarry. Settle Excursion. In this quarry the Carboniferous Limestone is seen resting unconformably on the Horton Flags. These Flags are sandy mudstones with interbedded grits passing down into more shaly beds in the Austwick Grits. Added note: Carboniferous Limestone, Bedding, Horton Flags.
|
Page 67 |
P806244 |
Arco Wood Quarry. Settle Excursion. In this quarry the Carboniferous Limestone is seen resting unconformably on the Horton Flags. These Flags are sandy mudstones with interbedded grits passing down into more shaly beds in the Austwick Grits.
|
Page 67 |
P806245 |
Arco Wood Quarry. Settle Excursion. The cleavage divides the beds into large slabs which are much used for gate posts and wall building.
|
Page 67 |
P806246 |
Arco Wood Quarry. Settle Excursion. The cleavage divides the beds into large slabs which are much used for gate posts and wall building.
|
Page 69 |
P806247 |
Carboniferous limestone quarry at Arco Wood. Settle Excursion. This quarry shows a fine section of the D2 Beds of the Carboniferous limestone. The Carboniferous limestone is divided into two great divisions of which this is the Upper or Kidwellian and belonging to the Dibunophyllum zone. This representing the upper part of that zone or subzone of Lonsdalia, known as D2.
|
Page 69 |
P806248 |
Carboniferous limestone quarry at Arco Wood. Settle Excursion. This quarry shows a fine section of the D2 Beds of the Carboniferous limestone. The Carboniferous limestone is divided into two great divisions of which this is the Upper or Kidwellian and belonging to the Dibunophyllum zone. This representing the upper part of that zone or subzone of Lonsdalia, known as D2.
|
Page 69 |
P806249 |
Section of Austwick Flags at Helwith Bridge. Settle Excursion. Here is seen the lines of bedding called by the workmen 'rives' which determine the thickness of the flags and the joints called 'backs' which decide their area. 15 feet by 15 feet is the largest slab that can be got. Owing to the 'bate' or line of cleavage the ends have to be sawn off. [Diagram with A, B, C, D] AB line of rive or bedding plane, AC is the bate or cleavage plane.
|
Page 69 |
P806250 |
Section of Austwick Flags at Helwith Bridge. Settle Excursion. Here is seen the lines of bedding called by the workmen 'rives' which determine the thickness of the flags and the joints called 'backs' which decide their area. 15 feet by 15 feet is the largest slab that can be got. Owing to the 'bate' or line of cleavage the ends have to be sawn off. [Diagram with A, B, C, D] AB line of rive or bedding plane, AC is the bate or cleavage plane.
|
Page 71 |
P806251 |
Ribblehead. [Settle Excursion.] Park Fell and Ingleborough from Gearstones showing mass of limestone, the surrounding portions having weathered away.
|
Page 71 |
P806252 |
Ribblehead. [Settle Excursion.] Gale Beck. The highest source of the Ribble flowing through a typical bare and wild limestone country.
|
Page 71 |
P806253 |
Ribblehead. [Settle Excursion.] Thornes [Thorns] Ghyll. The Gale Beck after passing Gearstones flows on to Ribblehead where it takes the name of 'the Ribble' flowing in a south and south westerly direction to Preston.
|
Page 71 |
P806254 |
Ribblehead. [Settle Excursion.] Thornes [Thorns] Ghyll. The Gale Beck after passing Gearstones flows on to Ribblehead where it takes the name of 'the Ribble' flowing in a south and south westerly direction to Preston.
|
Page 73 |
P806255 |
Thornes [Thorns] Gill. [Settle Excursion.] The Gale Beck in making its way down into the valley has cut out a thoroughly typical limestone glen and is a good illustration of the power of a moorland stream in wearing away the limestone strata.
|
Page 73 |
P806256 |
Thornes [Thorns] Gill. [Settle Excursion.] The Gale Beck in making its way down into the valley has cut out a thoroughly typical limestone glen and is a good illustration of the power of a moorland stream in wearing away the limestone strata.
|
Page 73 |
P806257 |
Thornes [Thorns] Gill. [Settle Excursion.] In this short distance the glen shows us some nice examples of cascade, force, cliff, dell and cave and evidences of frequent flood.
|
Page 73 |
P806258 |
Thornes [Thorns] Gill. [Settle Excursion.] In this short distance the glen shows us some nice examples of cascade, force, cliff, dell and cave and evidences of frequent flood.
|
Page 75 |
P806259 |
Ling Ghyll [Gill]. [Settle Excursion.] Ling Gill Bridge. The Cam Beck which flows under this bridge rises on Cam Fell and a little way above Selside it joins the waters of the Gale Beck, the two streams thus uniting and forming the Ribble.
|
Page 75 |
P806260 |
Ling Ghyll [Gill]. [Settle Excursion.] Ling Gill Bridge. The Cam Beck which flows under this bridge rises on Cam Fell and a little way above Selside it joins the waters of the Gale Beck, the two streams thus uniting and forming the Ribble.
|
Page 75 |
P806261 |
Ling Ghyll [Gill]. [Settle Excursion.] Bed of the Cam Beck showing potholes. On Cam Fell where this stream rises is another stream within a few yards flowing in the opposite direction. This water running into the Irish Sea and the other into the North Sea.
|
Page 75 |
P806262 |
Ling Ghyll [Gill]. [Settle Excursion.] The Ravine in Ling Gill (or Ghyll). The Cam Beck has cut one of the finest ravines in this district, some of its crags being nearly 300 feet above the water.
|
Page 77 |
P806263 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Ingleborough from Chapel le Dale. This is the chief of the Whernside group of hills which include Whernside, Ingleborough and Penyghent. Its height is 2373 feet and its base between 20 and 30 miles in circumference. The mass if of limestone (Carboniferous) resting on Silurian slates and capped by Yoredale rocks and Millstone Grit.
|
Page 77 |
P806264 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Ingleborough from Weathercote. This is the chief of the Whernside group of hills which include Whernside, Ingleborough and Penyghent. Its height is 2373 feet and its base between 20 and 30 miles in circumference. The mass if of limestone (Carboniferous) resting on Silurian slates and capped by Yoredale rocks and Millstone Grit.
|
Page 77 |
P806265 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Weathercote Cave. In the district between Whernside and Blea Moor the water draining from the high ground forms Little Dale Beck. This stream loses itself through fissures. On its underground journey is seen a large Pot or Cave whose roof has fallen in and where the stream emerges from beneath a cliff and falls in a beautiful force 75 feet in depth. Immediately over the top of the fall a great lump of fallen rock hangs caught and firmly fixed between the two sides of the opening. This is popularly known as 'Mahomets Coffin'.
|
Page 77 |
P806266 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Weathercote Cave. In the district between Whernside and Blea Moor the water draining from the high ground forms Little Dale Beck. This stream loses itself through fissures. On its underground journey is seen a large Pot or Cave whose roof has fallen in and where the stream emerges from beneath a cliff and falls in a beautiful force 75 feet in depth. Immediately over the top of the fall a great lump of fallen rock hangs caught and firmly fixed between the two sides of the opening. This is popularly known as 'Mahomets Coffin'.
|
Page 79 |
P806267 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] The stream seen at Weathercote Cave after flowing for about a mile in a subterranean bed issues from crevices in the limestone, this being known as God's Bridge.
|
Page 79 |
P806268 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Raven Scar. On the Eastern side of the Hawes and Ingleton road is seen the fine section of Carboniferous limestone known as Raven Scar.
|
Page 79 |
P806269 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Twisleton Scar. On the Western side of the Hawes and Ingleton road beyond the beck the face is of Carboniferous limestone and goes by the name of Twisleton Scar.
|
Page 79 |
P806270 |
Chapel Le Dale. [Settle Excursion.] Twisleton Scar End. The Twisleton Scars on the edge of Scales Moor forms a spur of Whernside and divide the two valleys of the 'Doe or Dale Beck' and the 'Twiss or Thornton Beck'.
|
Page 81 |
P806271 |
Ravenscar. Chapel le Dale. Settle Excursion. The valley of the Doe or The Dale as it is usually known is a slightly concave valley about 3 miles long with a long line of white limestone scars rising to a height of 1300 or 1400 feet above sea level. They occur more or less in terraces one a little behind the other the topmost one being about 700 feet above the river.
|
Page 81 |
P806272 |
Ravenscar. Chapel le Dale. Settle Excursion. The valley of the Doe or The Dale as it is usually known is a slightly concave valley about 3 miles long with a long line of white limestone scars rising to a height of 1300 or 1400 feet above sea level. They occur more or less in terraces one a little behind the other the topmost one being about 700 feet above the river.
|
Page 81 |
P806273 |
Ravenscar. Chapel le Dale. Settle Excursion. Cave below Ravenscar North of Dale Barn East side of Chapel le Dale. The rain falling on the plateau above the scars finds its way along joints and descends to the base of the Mountain Limestone eating out channels in the underlying schists and forming caves in the vertical schists as well as in the limestone. The Green Slates are Precambrian - Ingleton Series.
|
Page 81 |
P806274 |
Ravenscar. Chapel le Dale. Settle Excursion. Cave below Ravenscar North of Dale Barn East side of Chapel le Dale. The rain falling on the plateau above the scars finds its way along joints and descends to the base of the Mountain Limestone eating out channels in the underlying schists and forming caves in the vertical schists as well as in the limestone. The Green Slates are Precambrian - Ingleton Series. Added note: Grey limestone, Limestone with fragments of green slates, Green Slate series in a vertical position.
|
Page 83 |
P806275 |
Easegill Force. [Settle Excursion.] Jenkins Beck is a small stream flowing from East to West a little South of Ingleton. At some time in its history it was an underground river but in the coarse of time the cave was worn away so that the roof was destroyed, thus forming a beautiful ravine with precipitous sides. A massive bar of rock forming a solid natural bridge spans the chasm down which the water falls a depth of about 30 feet and known as Easegill Force. .
|
Page 83 |
P806276 |
Easegill Force. [Settle Excursion.] Jenkins Beck is a small stream flowing from East to West a little South of Ingleton. At some time in its history it was an underground river but in the coarse of time the cave was worn away so that the roof was destroyed, thus forming a beautiful ravine with precipitous sides. A massive bar of rock forming a solid natural bridge spans the chasm down which the water falls a depth of about 30 feet and known as Easegill Force. .
|
Page 83 |
P806277 |
Easegill Force. [Settle Excursion.] Jenkins Beck is a small stream flowing from East to West a little South of Ingleton. At some time in its history it was an underground river but in the coarse of time the cave was worn away so that the roof was destroyed, thus forming a beautiful ravine with precipitous sides. A massive bar of rock forming a solid natural bridge spans the chasm down which the water falls a depth of about 30 feet and known as Easegill Force. .
|
Page 83 |
P806278 |
Easegill Force. [Settle Excursion.] Jenkins Beck is a small stream flowing from East to West a little South of Ingleton. At some time in its history it was an underground river but in the coarse of time the cave was worn away so that the roof was destroyed, thus forming a beautiful ravine with precipitous sides. A massive bar of rock forming a solid natural bridge spans the chasm down which the water falls a depth of about 30 feet and known as Easegill Force. .
|
Page 85 |
P806279 |
Thornton or Kingsdale Beck. [Settle Excursion.] Swilla Bottom. The river here has many fine pools with a rocky bed and long stony rapids with walls towering to a height of 200 feet and more of Carboniferous limestone.
|
Page 85 |
P806280 |
Thornton or Kingsdale Beck. [Settle Excursion.] Swilla Bottom. The river here has many fine pools with a rocky bed and long stony rapids with walls towering to a height of 200 feet and more of Carboniferous limestone.
|
Page 85 |
P806281 |
Thornton or Kingsdale Beck. [Settle Excursion.] This stream crosses the two Craven faults, at Ingleton it flows over the Coal Measures then crosses a band of Carboniferous limestone at the Southern fault and at the Northern fault this limestone is brought against the Ordovician.
|
Page 85 |
P806282 |
Thornton or Kingsdale Beck. [Settle Excursion.] Pecca. This stream crosses the two Craven faults, at Ingleton it flows over the Coal Measures then crosses a band of Carboniferous limestone at the Southern fault and at the Northern fault this limestone is brought against the Ordovician.
|
Page 87 |
P806283 |
Pecca Falls. [Settle Excursion.] The ravine from the bridge. The beds of slate which are here exposed belong to the pre-Caradoc of the Ingleton series and are tilted at a very high angle so as to stand almost vertically. The slate here is of a better quality than that in other parts of this district. It is a fine texture, greenish grey in colour, but often tinted with brown or purple shades. A non fossiliferous granular variety intervening between the beds as nodules or bands is known locally by the name of Galliard. The planes of cleavage are almost identical with those of the bedding.
|
Page 87 |
P806284 |
Pecca Falls. [Settle Excursion.] The twin falls. The beds of slate which are here exposed belong to the pre-Caradoc of the Ingleton series and are tilted at a very high angle so as to stand almost vertically. The slate here is of a better quality than that in other parts of this district. It is a fine texture, greenish grey in colour, but often tinted with brown or purple shades. A non fossiliferous granular variety intervening between the beds as nodules or bands is known locally by the name of Galliard. The planes of cleavage are almost identical with those of the bedding.
|
Page 87 |
P806285 |
Pecca Falls. [Settle Excursion.] The upper falls. The beds of slate which are here exposed belong to the pre-Caradoc of the Ingleton series and are tilted at a very high angle so as to stand almost vertically. The slate here is of a better quality than that in other parts of this district. It is a fine texture, greenish grey in colour, but often tinted with brown or purple shades. A non fossiliferous granular variety intervening between the beds as nodules or bands is known locally by the name of Galliard. The planes of cleavage are almost identical with those of the bedding.
|
Page 87 |
P806286 |
Pecca Falls. [Settle Excursion.] Pecca slates. The beds of slate which are here exposed belong to the pre-Caradoc of the Ingleton series and are tilted at a very high angle so as to stand almost vertically. The slate here is of a better quality than that in other parts of this district. It is a fine texture, greenish grey in colour, but often tinted with brown or purple shades. A non fossiliferous granular variety intervening between the beds as nodules or bands is known locally by the name of Galliard. The planes of cleavage are almost identical with those of the bedding.
|
Page 89 |
P806287 |
Thornton Force. [Settle Excursion.] After leaving the Pecca Falls, the beck is seen to be running through comparatively open country with limestone hills around.
|
Page 89 |
P806288 |
Thornton Force. [Settle Excursion.] This is a characteristic fall of the limestone country. The stream having cut its way through the upper part of a perpendicular wall of rock which still remains sheer on both sides.
|
Page 89 |
P806289 |
Thornton Force. [Settle Excursion.] The limestone is here seen lying unconformably on the slate with a bed of conglomerate intervening and consisting of rolled Silurian pebbles.
|
Page 89 |
P806290 |
Thornton Force. [Settle Excursion.] The fall is between 30 and 40 feet in height and owing to the disintegration of the conglomerate a shelf of rock has been formed behind the cascade, known as the Palace of the Water Nymph.
|
Page 91 |
P806291 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] The Ingleton great limestone quarry is situated on the western side of the Doe or Dale Beck. This is interesting as showing the mass of Carboniferous limestone brought in between the two Craven faults. On the south the Coal Measures are brought against the limestone while at the North fault the limestone is seen to adjoin the Precambrian slates.
|
Page 91 |
P806292 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] The Ingleton great limestone quarry is situated on the western side of the Doe or Dale Beck. This is interesting as showing the mass of Carboniferous limestone brought in between the two Craven faults. On the south the Coal Measures are brought against the limestone while at the North fault the limestone is seen to adjoin the Precambrian slates.
|
Page 91 |
P806293 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] This excavation exposes a remarkable section of a patch of coal with its underclay resting evenly upon Carboniferous limestone which also in a brecciated form covers the eroded surface. This appears to be very difficult to explain but Dr. Marr thinks that it may be a portion of the Coal Measures forced into the limestone as a thrust plane during the movement producing the South Craven Fault.
|
Page 91 |
P806294 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] This excavation exposes a remarkable section of a patch of coal with its underclay resting evenly upon Carboniferous limestone which also in a brecciated form covers the eroded surface. This appears to be very difficult to explain but Dr. Marr thinks that it may be a portion of the Coal Measures forced into the limestone as a thrust plane during the movement producing the South Craven Fault. Added note: Limestone, N. Fault line, Precambrian slates, Line of N. fault.
|
Page 93 |
P806295 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Northern face of quarry on the Eastern bank of the Ingleton or Dale Beck. The Ingleton Green Slates and Grits cover a considerable area on the floor of the valley of Chapel-le-Dale to the North of the northern branch of the Craven Fault. This southernmost band is continued into Kingsdale where it has been quarried on the Western side of the stream close to Pecca Bridge.
|
Page 93 |
P806296 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Northern face of quarry on the Eastern bank of the Ingleton or Dale Beck. The Ingleton Green Slates and Grits cover a considerable area on the floor of the valley of Chapel-le-Dale to the North of the northern branch of the Craven Fault. This southernmost band is continued into Kingsdale where it has been quarried on the Western side of the stream close to Pecca Bridge.
|
Page 93 |
P806297 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] These slates are far older than the Ordovician and from their internal evidence they wil no doubt be found to be one of the Precambrian groups, the Torridonian or Longmyndian. Added note: Eastern face.
|
Page 93 |
P806298 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Southern face of slate in quarry near fault on Eastern side of the Ingleton or Dale Beck. These slates are far older than the Ordovician and from their internal evidence they wil no doubt be found to be one of the Precambrian groups, the Torridonian or Longmyndian.
|
Page 95 |
P806299 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] View looking South-west from entrance of gorge of the Ingleton or Dale Beck. The North Craven Fault running N. East and S. West in middle foreground. Added note: Carb. Limestone, Fault, Precambrian slates.
|
Page 95 |
P806300 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Falls above the Cat Leap on stream running over the limestone on the Craven Fault to join the Dale Beck.
|
Page 95 |
P806301 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Pecca Bridge over the Troiss or Thornton Beck showing the same band of slates as in the view above.
|
Page 95 |
P806302 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Rapids on Dale Beck over the Precambrian slates Ingleton.
|
Page 97 |
P806303 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Backstone Ghyll Gorge. The Dale Beck has a very rapid fall and the vertical beds of grits and slates has been cut by it into long deep gorges through which the river runs with considerable rapidity. The rocks on either side rising to a height of 50 or 60 ft. The effect of the Craven Fault is seen here to great advantage as not a fragment of limestone remains on this portion of the slate embanked river.
|
Page 97 |
P806304 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Backstone Ghyll Gorge. The Dale Beck has a very rapid fall and the vertical beds of grits and slates has been cut by it into long deep gorges through which the river runs with considerable rapidity. The rocks on either side rising to a height of 50 or 60 ft. The effect of the Craven Fault is seen here to great advantage as not a fragment of limestone remains on this portion of the slate embanked river.
|
Page 97 |
P806305 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Backstone Ghyll Gorge. The Dale Beck has a very rapid fall and the vertical beds of grits and slates has been cut by it into long deep gorges through which the river runs with considerable rapidity. The rocks on either side rising to a height of 50 or 60 ft. The effect of the Craven Fault is seen here to great advantage as not a fragment of limestone remains on this portion of the slate embanked river.
|
Page 97 |
P806306 |
Ingleton. [Settle Excursion.] Backstone Ghyll Gorge. The Dale Beck has a very rapid fall and the vertical beds of grits and slates has been cut by it into long deep gorges through which the river runs with considerable rapidity. The rocks on either side rising to a height of 50 or 60 ft. The effect of the Craven Fault is seen here to great advantage as not a fragment of limestone remains on this portion of the slate embanked river.
|
Page 99 |
P806307 |
Ingleton. Beezley Falls. [Settle Excursion.] Ingleton or Dale Beck. From this point on the North Craven Fault to Gods Bridge above the Beezley Falls is the extent of the Precambrian rocks - about 2 miles.
|
Page 99 |
P806308 |
Ingleton. Beezley Falls. [Settle Excursion.] Triple Spout. In this 2 miles the stream has cut its bed over a series of rocks the upturned edges of which is 10000 ft thick.
|
Page 99 |
P806309 |
Ingleton. Beezley Falls. [Settle Excursion.] The Lower Falls. Professor Bonney drew attention to the fragments of crystalline and gneissose rocks in these beds showing that the Archaean rocks from which this material was derived must have been close at hand, the fragments indicating a rapid deposition in shaller water. The Archaean massif being probably at no great depth.
|
Page 99 |
P806310 |
Ingleton. Beezley Falls. [Settle Excursion.] Snow Falls. Professor Bonney drew attention to the fragments of crystalline and gneissose rocks in these beds showing that the Archaean rocks from which this material was derived must have been close at hand, the fragments indicating a rapid deposition in shaller water. The Archaean massif being probably at no great depth.
|
Page 101 |
P806311 |
Scaleber Glen. [Settle Excursion.] Scaleber Glen lies on an elbow made by a sharp bend of the Craven Fault where the Carboniferous limestone is brought against the Millstone Grit.
|
Page 101 |
P806312 |
Scaleber Glen. [Settle Excursion.] Scaleber Glen lies on an elbow made by a sharp bend of the Craven Fault where the Carboniferous limestone is brought against the Millstone Grit.
|
Page 101 |
P806313 |
Scaleber Glen. [Settle Excursion.] Scaleber Force has a fall of about 40 feet over a scar of Carboniferous limestone.
|
Page 103 |
P806314 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The Attermire Rocks owe their existence to the Craven Fault. The Southern Craven Fault runs from Ingleton through Clapham and Austwick to Settle forming the Giggleswick Scars. Thence it continues in a due easterly direction by these Attermire Scars through Malham and across Wharfedale and dying out on the moors between Pateley Bridge and Ripon.
|
Page 103 |
P806315 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The Attermire Rocks owe their existence to the Craven Fault. The Southern Craven Fault runs from Ingleton through Clapham and Austwick to Settle forming the Giggleswick Scars. Thence it continues in a due easterly direction by these Attermire Scars through Malham and across Wharfedale and dying out on the moors between Pateley Bridge and Ripon.
|
Page 103 |
P806316 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The limestone forming these scars consists of a hard compact series of calcareous beds mostly of a light grey or bluish colour without division by shales or clay. From a study of the zonal fossils Mr Cosmo Johns states that the limestone at the foot of these scars is practically at the base of the series.
|
Page 103 |
P806317 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The limestone forming these scars consists of a hard compact series of calcareous beds mostly of a light grey or bluish colour without division by shales or clay. From a study of the zonal fossils Mr Cosmo Johns states that the limestone at the foot of these scars is practically at the base of the series.
|
Page 105 |
P806318 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The Scars principally face the South West and the dip of the strata is about 10o towards the Northeast. The marshy ground in the foreground was once the beds of a tarn which probably gave the scar its name - utter or outer-mere.
|
Page 105 |
P806319 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] The Scars principally face the South West and the dip of the strata is about 10o towards the Northeast. The marshy ground in the foreground was once the beds of a tarn which probably gave the scar its name - utter or outer-mere.
|
Page 105 |
P806320 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] Stockdale Lane. Showing the line of fault. Here we have the limestones on the left forming abrupt cliffs or scars and the Millstone Grit forming rounded hills on the other.
|
Page 105 |
P806321 |
Attermire. [Settle Excursion.] Stockdale Lane. Showing the line of fault. Here we have the limestones on the left forming abrupt cliffs or scars and the Millstone Grit forming rounded hills on the other. Added note: Rye Loaf Hill, 1794 ft.
|
Page 107 |
P806322 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] Giggleswick Scars from Buckhaw Brow. This fine wall of rock for about a mile in length stretches in a slightly curved line from N.W. to S.E. The Millstone Grit (seen on the right) originally covered the limestone with the Yoredale Series between. Thus the displacement is considered to amount to about 3000 feet.
|
Page 107 |
P806323 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] Giggleswick Scars from Buckhaw Brow. This fine wall of rock for about a mile in length stretches in a slightly curved line from N.W. to S.E. The Millstone Grit (seen on the right) originally covered the limestone with the Yoredale Series between. Thus the displacement is considered to amount to about 3000 feet.
|
Page 107 |
P806324 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] The flat land at the foot of the Scars used formerly to be covered by a sheet of water. The tarn having no doubt existed from glacial times but about 80 years ago it was drained off and made into pasture land.
|
Page 107 |
P806325 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] The flat land at the foot of the Scars used formerly to be covered by a sheet of water. The tarn having no doubt existed from glacial times but about 80 years ago it was drained off and made into pasture land.
|
Page 109 |
P806326 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] Millstone Grit forms these small hills while beyond the fault line rises the Limestone scars. Added note: Line of fault.
|
Page 109 |
P806327 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] Canoe found in the bed of the Giggleswick Tarn.
|
GA012 |
P806328 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.]
|
Page 109 |
P806329 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] Spring issuing from the base of the Giggleswick Scar.
|
Page 111 |
P806330 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] This grand mass of limestone owes its appearance here to the South Craven Fault. The course of the road marking the line of fault.
|
Page 111 |
P806331 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] This photograph was taken from the golf course which is on the Millstone Grit but the pavilion is on the Carboniferous Limestone.
|
Page 111 |
P806332 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] The Ebbing and Flowing Well. About 1 1/2 miles from Settle at the foot of the Scar is the only well of its kind in England viz an intermittent spring. The ebb and flow has been observed from very early times and a great deal of tradition has grown up round it.
|
Page 111 |
P806333 |
Giggleswick Scars. [Settle Excursion.] The Ebbing and Flowing Well. About 1 1/2 miles from Settle at the foot of the Scar is the only well of its kind in England viz an intermittent spring. The ebb and flow has been observed from very early times and a great deal of tradition has grown up round it.
|
Page 113 |
P806334 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] Ebbing and Flowing Well. The trough of the well is almost square being from front to back 34 from side to side 36 inches and 24 inches deep. The water from the spring enters from an opening at the back 10 inches long and 3 inches deep but in times of heavy rain it also comes in from the upper openings.
|
Page 113 |
P806335 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] Ebbing and Flowing Well. The trough of the well is almost square being from front to back 34 from side to side 36 inches and 24 inches deep. The water from the spring enters from an opening at the back 10 inches long and 3 inches deep but in times of heavy rain it also comes in from the upper openings.
|
Page 113 |
P806336 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] On each side of the trough there is an iron grating and 7 1/2 inches below the bars is a round hole 1 1/2 inches in diameter. These photographs show the ebb and flow. In the first and third the water is high and in 3 minutes after the second and fourth were taken showing the lower openings exposed. When working vigourously the water rises to the bars a distance of 7 1/2 inches.
|
Page 113 |
P806337 |
Giggleswick. [Settle Excursion.] On each side of the trough there is an iron grating and 7 1/2 inches below the bars is a round hole 1 1/2 inches in diameter. These photographs show the ebb and flow. In the first and third the water is high and in 3 minutes after the second and fourth were taken showing the lower openings exposed. When working vigourously the water rises to the bars a distance of 7 1/2 inches.
|
Page 115 |
P806338 |
Clapham. [Settle Excursion.] Entrance to the Ingleborough or Clapham Cave. This cave is situated at the foot of an imposing breast of rock about 70 or 80 feet high and has been known of know time immemorial. It has never been covered up by a bed of screes, as formerly a very great deal more water than is now the case issued from it and thus the low wide entrance was kept clear.
|
Page 115 |
P806339 |
Clapham. [Settle Excursion.] Entrance to the Ingleborough or Clapham Cave. This cave is situated at the foot of an imposing breast of rock about 70 or 80 feet high and has been known of know time immemorial. It has never been covered up by a bed of screes, as formerly a very great deal more water than is now the case issued from it and thus the low wide entrance was kept clear.
|
Page 115 |
P806340 |
Clapham. [Settle Excursion.] The large quantity of water that used to flow from the cave now flows out at a lower level a short distance away and forms this beck or stream.
|
Page 115 |
P806341 |
Clapham. [Settle Excursion.] The water sink above Gaping Ghyll down which the water runs that flows through the cave and makes the stream seen in the previous print. Added note: Fissure down which the water flows.
|
Page 117 |
P806342 |
Gaping Ghyll, Ingleborough. [Settle Excursion.] Gaping Ghyll. This is situated on the moors just below Ingleborough and is not easy to find but as Mr Jonhson says when you have found it you will probably say that is was only by a miracle that you did not walk into it.
|
Page 117 |
P806343 |
Gaping Ghyll, Ingleborough. [Settle Excursion.] The Neck. This opening is partly enveloped by a steep bank which is level with the moor and the bottom is found at a depth of 360 feet.
|
Page 117 |
P806344 |
Gaping Ghyll, Ingleborough. [Settle Excursion.] Bed of stream that has formed the pot. Springs having their origin on the side of Ingleborough and flood water from heavy rains flow down this coarse [course] and falling over the edge of the foreground disappear in the darkness of the pot.
|
Page 117 |
P806345 |
Gaping Ghyll, Ingleborough. [Settle Excursion.] The Pot descends for about 270 feet and the [then] opens out into an immense chamber 450 feet long 130 ft wide and 100 feet high.
|
Page 119 |
P806346 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] The stream coming from Ingleborough and sinking down Gaping Ghyll is called the Fell Back. Ages ago this stream flowed right over where Gaping Ghyll is now (which was probably only a swallow hole or a subterranean pit but whose roof afterwards fell in) and dashed down this ravine forming a waterfall.
|
Page 119 |
P806347 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] The stream coming from Ingleborough and sinking down Gaping Ghyll is called the Fell Back. Ages ago this stream flowed right over where Gaping Ghyll is now (which was probably only a swallow hole or a subterranean pit but whose roof afterwards fell in) and dashed down this ravine forming a waterfall.
|
Page 119 |
P806348 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] The stream coming from Ingleborough and sinking down Gaping Ghyll is called the Fell Back. Ages ago this stream flowed right over where Gaping Ghyll is now (which was probably only a swallow hole or a subterranean pit but whose roof afterwards fell in) and dashed down this ravine forming a waterfall.
|
Page 119 |
P806349 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] The stream coming from Ingleborough and sinking down Gaping Ghyll is called the Fell Back. Ages ago this stream flowed right over where Gaping Ghyll is now (which was probably only a swallow hole or a subterranean pit but whose roof afterwards fell in) and dashed down this ravine forming a waterfall.
|
Page 121 |
P806350 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] In remote ages the volume of water which rushed down this ravine must in times of flood have presented a sublime spectable.
|
Page 121 |
P806351 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] But in course of time it found its way underground and instead of coming down as a waterfall it flowed from this cave.
|
Page 121 |
P806352 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] Later on, the ever widening Gaping Ghyll swallowed up all the water which eventually found a lower level reappearing at Clapham Cave and leaving this old over-ground course now quite dry.
|
Page 121 |
P806353 |
Trow Gyhll. [Settle Excursion.] Later on, the ever widening Gaping Ghyll swallowed up all the water which eventually found a lower level reappearing at Clapham Cave and leaving this old over-ground course now quite dry.
|
Page 123 |
P806354 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Screes on Norber Brow. These screes are the effect of weather on the cliffs. They are the fragments that have during past ages been chipped from the face of the scars by the action of frost and the storms of winter.
|
Page 123 |
P806355 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Screes on Norber Brow. These screes are the effect of weather on the cliffs. They are the fragments that have during past ages been chipped from the face of the scars by the action of frost and the storms of winter.
|
Page 123 |
P806356 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Austwick from the South showing the high ground of Norber on the right.
|
GPage 123A012 |
P806357 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Austwick Beck looking South West. The footbridge is made from slabs of Horton Flags (Silurian) quarried at Helwith Bridge.
|
Page 125 |
P806358 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Distant view of Austwick looking North. Norber lies between Clapdale and Crummackdale and one mile from Austwick being a Hill formed of Grey Limestone rising to 1330 ft.
|
Page 125 |
P806359 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] Norber Brow showing Silurian Boulders. The peculiarity of this hill is the immense number of Silurian rock boulders that are scattered over this elevated plateau.
|
Page 125 |
P806360 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] The edge of Norber Brow. The boulders lie on the lower plateau that looks across to Moughton and their colour being dark they show up very distinctly on the light limestone.
|
Page 125 |
P806361 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] View from Norber showing in the foreground Silurian boulders. The bunch of trees in the centre indicate the spot where a spring breaks out at the base of the limestone.
|
Page 127 |
P806362 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] During the Ice Age this district was covered with glaciers which tore up masses of rock from their parent beds and carried them for great distances.
|
Page 127 |
P806363 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] The beds from which these Silurian boulders were torn was the ridge stretching across the valley from the Norber to the Moughton heights.
|
Page 127 |
P806364 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] As these boulders effervesce with Hydrochloric Acid it shows that they belong to the calcareous beds of the Silurian and are referable to the Coniston-Bala series.
|
Page 127 |
P806365 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] This ridge is thickly strewn with these boulders many being of enormous size and have been brought up 250 feet above their place of origin.
|
Page 129 |
P806366 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] The largest blocks are about 18 feet in length and 7 to 9 ft in height and are strewn over this ground for about 3/4 of a mile. The largest is estimated to weigh 30 or 40 tons.
|
Page 129 |
P806367 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] They are seen scattered at random on the verge of the plateau and the slopes below in queer positions and grotesque attitudes.
|
Page 129 |
P806368 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] The larger number are very jagged and angular in form but many have been worn smooth and rounded and are found standing on little pedestals about 2 feet above the level of the ground.
|
Page 129 |
P806369 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] These pedestals show that the limestone has been protected when it has been covered by the boulder but the remainder has been weathered down for that distance.
|
Page 131 |
P806370 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] To explain why these Silurian rocks should be found above the Carboniferous limestone it has been suggested that the glacier passing down Crummuckdale [Crummackdale] and carrying these rocks frozen into it must have been driven over the shoulder of Norber by the ice sheet behind it and as the ice disappeared by melting it left these boulders stranded on the limestone plateau.
|
Page 131 |
P806371 |
Norber. [Settle Excursion.] To explain why these Silurian rocks should be found above the Carboniferous limestone it has been suggested that the glacier passing down Crummuckdale [Crummackdale] and carrying these rocks frozen into it must have been driven over the shoulder of Norber by the ice sheet behind it and as the ice disappeared by melting it left these boulders stranded on the limestone plateau.
|
Page 133 |
P806372 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] Malham Tarn. Owing to the Craven Fault the Silurian beds form a basin which collects the water and forms this solitary lake which is 3 miles in circumference and forms the largest sheet of water in Yorkshire. Added note: Carb. Limestone, Silurian, Carb. Limestone.
|
Page 133 |
P806373 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] Malham Cove. This great precipice is on the upthrow side of the Craven Fault and is a magnificent example of the Spring Heads which recess the hills in the Carboniferous limestone.
|
Page 133 |
P806374 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] This is considered to be the most beautiful if not highest piece of perpendicular limestone rock in the world being 288 feet from base to summit.
|
Page 133 |
P806375 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] The Cove faces the South and forms a half circle. The water that formerly fell over the face now issues from a cave at the base and forms the source of the River Aire.
|
Page 135 |
P806376 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] View of the former river bed above the Cove. Ages ago the water which flowed from Malham Tarn cut the river bed and fell over the edge of Malham Cove but it now travels by subterranian [subterranean] routes.
|
Page 135 |
P806377 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] The valley below the Cove. The stream coming from the Cove unites with the Gordale Beck and another flowing from the west forms the River Aire which runs through Leeds.
|
Page 135 |
P806378 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] On the high ground the limestone is always more or less weathered and shows the effect of rain and frost much more than the other rocks [a]round.
|
Page 135 |
P806379 |
Malham. [Settle Excursion.] The joints have been widened into minature gorges and canyons which give a good illustration of the solvent power of carbonic acid in the water.
|
Page 137 |
P806380 |
Jannets Foss. [Settle Excursion.] The Gordale Beck here plunges over a bed of hard limestone and the exposure of the hard water to the air has resulted in the formation of a fine tufa screen, behind which it is possible to enter a miniature Cave of the Winds. Tradition says that a tribe of fairies with Jannet or Gennet as the Queen used to meet here and thus gives it its name.
|
Page 137 |
P806381 |
Jannets Foss. [Settle Excursion.] The Gordale Beck here plunges over a bed of hard limestone and the exposure of the hard water to the air has resulted in the formation of a fine tufa screen, behind which it is possible to enter a miniature Cave of the Winds. Tradition says that a tribe of fairies with Jannet or Gennet as the Queen used to meet here and thus gives it its name.
|
Page 137 |
P806382 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] This chasm is perhaps the most impressive piece of limestone scenery in Britain. The walls being 400 feet in height and on one side they overhang to extent of perhaps 20 feet.
|
Page 137 |
P806383 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] This chasm is perhaps the most impressive piece of limestone scenery in Britain. The walls being 400 feet in height and on one side they overhang to extent of perhaps 20 feet.
|
Page 139 |
P806384 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] This great chasm in the moutain was gradually formed by the slow and resistless power of running water charged with Carbonic Acid.
|
Page 139 |
P806385 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] At an early period this groge was a long cavern containing an underground stream but the roof has now fallen in.
|
Page 139 |
P806386 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] By its erosive and solvent action the water eats its way into the limestone thus showing how the roof of the cavern has been destroyed.
|
Page 139 |
P806387 |
Goredale. [Settle Excursion.] A notable feature in this gorge is the occurrence of a bed of limestone in which there is a close set system of platy joints running in a direction parallel to the closely adjacent though invisible South Craven Fault. Added note: Limestone with platy joints.
|
Page 141 |
P806388 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Brimham Rocks occupy a moorland plateau about 60 acres in extent and are 990 feet above sea level, thus their name 'Brim' a high place and 'Ham' a dwelling.
|
Page 141 |
P806389 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] These rocks which are huge masses of stone some 20 to over 100 tons in weight are of every conceivable shape and are named after various animal and inanimate objects. Added note: The Frog and Tortoise.
|
Page 141 |
P806390 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] They are the remains of a thick bed of coarse sandstone or grit being the 'Third or Roaches grits' in the Middle Millstone Grit series and having a thickness of 100 to 300 feet.
|
Page 141 |
P806391 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The beginning of the processes by which they have assumed their present shape was the time when the valley was formed and leaving this mural escarpment. Added note: The Druids writing table.
|
Page 143 |
P806392 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] These rocks show the wasting power of the atmosphere wonderfully well - the softer matter in the little laminations of the current bedding become an easy prey to frost, water, and the wind.
|
Page 143 |
P806393 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The weather works out and enlarges the perpendicular hollows along the joints, and horizontal cavities along the bedding planes, and by rounding off the corners gives the mass the appearance of a stack of sacks.
|
Page 143 |
P806394 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] In other cases the process of subaerial denudation gradually finishes off the work by wearing away the bases and causing a slow but certain destruction of all the material that may be exposed. Added note: The Mushroom Rock.
|
Page 143 |
P806395 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] Those that are left are but the monuments showing the enormous amount that has been gradually broken up and carried away thus presenting a scene of rugged and unique grandeur.
|
Page 145 |
P806396 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Rhinoceros.
|
Page 145 |
P806397 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Idol Rock. This is the most wonderful of the weathered rocks in this group. Some persons have stoutly maintained that this was carved by the Druids from its peculiar shape but there is nothing to warrant it. It stands 20 feet high and 48 feet in circumference while its base rests on a pivot of only 12 inches in diameter.
|
Page 145 |
P806398 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Baboons Head.
|
Page 145 |
P806399 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] A stack. There have been no alterations in the forms of these masses during our historic period to any perceptible extent. It is conjectured that the rigours of the glacial period was the prime cause of their formation.
|
Page 147 |
P806400 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Cottage Loaf. Many of these rocks are covered with mosses and lichens and the tops covered with a peaty deposit on which is found little bunches of Heath or Ling.
|
Page 147 |
P806401 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Druids Head. Many of these rocks are covered with mosses and lichens and the tops covered with a peaty deposit on which is found little bunches of Heath or Ling.
|
Page 147 |
P806402 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] This shows a line of jointing which cuts through this group and has greatly helped the corroding blasts from the North Sea and the Atlantic to break them up.
|
Page 147 |
P806403 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Dancing Bear.
|
Page 149 |
P806404 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] As the height of the tallest of these masses is 20 feet, it shows that the whole of the surrounding strata has been denuded to that amount. Added note: The Idol Rock, Boat Rock, Yoke of Oxen.
|
Page 149 |
P806405 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] As the height of the tallest of these masses is 20 feet, it shows that the whole of the surrounding strata has been denuded to that amount. Added note: The Anvil, Cheese-wring.
|
Page 149 |
P806406 |
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] The Pivot Rock.
|
Page 149 |
|
Brimham Rocks. [Settle Excursion.] A stack. There has been no alteration in the forms of these masses during our historic period to any perceptible extent. It is conjectured that the rigours of the Glacial Period was the prime cause of this formation.
|