Biggar - an excursion - Revision history

Scotfot at 22:27, 6 November 2015

2015-11-06T22:27:29Z

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	'''By E.N.K. Clarkson, D.A.T. Harper, A.W. Owen and C.M. Taylor. From Scottish Borders geology: an excursion guide edited by A.D. McAdam, E.N.K. Clarkson, P. Stone. Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press (for Edinburgh Geological Society), 1992.'''		'''By E.N.K. Clarkson, D.A.T. Harper, A.W. Owen and C.M. Taylor. From [[Scottish Borders geology: an excursion guide]] edited by A.D. McAdam, E.N.K. Clarkson, P. Stone. Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press (for Edinburgh Geological Society), 1992.'''

JenniferFindlay1 at 18:43, 12 July 2015

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:43, 12 July 2015
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	==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====		==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====
	The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. [[File:P521144.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|left\|A fossil specimen of Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Scrutton. A fossil coral. (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Zoantharia.) Wandel Burn at Wallace's Cast 2.75 miles north-east of Abington, Lanarkshire, Scotland. P521144.]]The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.		The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. [[File:P521144.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|left\|A fossil specimen of ''Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Scrutton''. A fossil coral. (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Zoantharia.) Wandel Burn at Wallace's Cast 2.75 miles north-east of Abington, Lanarkshire, Scotland. P521144.]]The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.

JenniferFindlay1 at 19:19, 6 July 2015

2015-07-06T19:19:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 6 July 2015
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	==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====		==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====
	The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. [[File:P521144.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|left\|A fossil specimen of Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Scrutton. A fossil coral. (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Zoantharia.) Wandel Burn at Wallace's Cast 2.75 miles north-east of Abington, Lanarkshire, Scotland. P521144]]The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.		The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. [[File:P521144.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|left\|A fossil specimen of Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Scrutton. A fossil coral. (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Zoantharia.) Wandel Burn at Wallace's Cast 2.75 miles north-east of Abington, Lanarkshire, Scotland. P521144.]]The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.

JenniferFindlay1 at 18:56, 6 July 2015

2015-07-06T18:56:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:56, 6 July 2015
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	==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====		==== 1. Wallace's Cast: Fossiliferous Mudstones and Conglomerates. ====
	The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.		The natural erosional feature of Wallace's Cast (NS 967 263) comprises an upstanding ridge (possibly a large landslip) in front of an arcuate, almost semi-circular hollow. [[File:P521144.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|left\|A fossil specimen of Kilbuchophyllia clarksoni Scrutton. A fossil coral. (Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Zoantharia.) Wandel Burn at Wallace's Cast 2.75 miles north-east of Abington, Lanarkshire, Scotland. P521144]]The ridge is composed of vertical, thickly-bedded Kirkcolm Formation greywackes interbedded with grey shales striking almost due E-W. The similar coarse greywackes and laminated mudstones of the hillside around the hollow and beside the adjacent burn are also vertical, or nearly so, but have a more NE-SW strike. Some 10 m WNW of the western extremity of Wallace's Cast, the steep bank above the wall exposes a sequence of cleaved mudstones and conglomerates, though the section at present is rather overgrown. Fossils occur abundantly in the mudstones, in the mudstone clasts and as individual detrital particles in the conglomerate, just as they do at Kilbucho. The faunal list of trilobites, brachiopods, bivalves, and gastropods, is comparable with that at Kilbucho, though there seem to be fewer trilobites, the coral Kilbuchophyllia is rare and branching bryozoans are more abundant.


	==== 2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales ====		==== 2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales ====

Scotfot: /* 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites */

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5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites

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	==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====		==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====
	[[File:BiggarUpperHawkwood.jpg\|thumbnail\|Upper ~~Hawkwook~~ - excursion map.]]		[[File:BiggarUpperHawkwood.jpg\|thumbnail\|Upper Hawkwood - excursion map.]]

	The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach & Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.		The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach & Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.

Scotfot: /* Excursion B. The Wandel Water */

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Excursion B. The Wandel Water

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	=== Excursion B. The Wandel Water ===		=== Excursion B. The Wandel Water ===
			[[File:BiggarWandelWaterExcursionMap.jpg\|thumbnail\|Wandel water - excursion map.]]
	The Wandel Water, which runs WNW into the Clyde, lies in a valley several kilometres long, draining the high ground north-east of Abington. Excellent sections, many of which were referred to by Peach & Horne (1899), expose volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Northern Belt of the Southern Uplands, including a further development of the shelly mudstones and conglomerates previously encountered at Kilbucho, which lies some 12 km to the north-east. The area is best reached from the A 702 between Abington and Lamington by a road (NS 947 275) 500 m north of the large farm at Wandel. This narrow, initially metalled, road, after passing the Wandel Cottages, becomes a track leading to the Birnock Forestry plantation belonging to the Economic Forestry Group. Cars may be left at the forestry gate some 500 m west of the ruins of Birnock Cottage, which forms a convenient central point for the various locations.		The Wandel Water, which runs WNW into the Clyde, lies in a valley several kilometres long, draining the high ground north-east of Abington. Excellent sections, many of which were referred to by Peach & Horne (1899), expose volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Northern Belt of the Southern Uplands, including a further development of the shelly mudstones and conglomerates previously encountered at Kilbucho, which lies some 12 km to the north-east. The area is best reached from the A 702 between Abington and Lamington by a road (NS 947 275) 500 m north of the large farm at Wandel. This narrow, initially metalled, road, after passing the Wandel Cottages, becomes a track leading to the Birnock Forestry plantation belonging to the Economic Forestry Group. Cars may be left at the forestry gate some 500 m west of the ruins of Birnock Cottage, which forms a convenient central point for the various locations.

Scotfot: /* Excursion A. Kilbucho (Route: Figure 46) */

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Excursion A. Kilbucho (Route: Figure 46)

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	=== Excursion A. Kilbucho (Route: Figure 46) ===		=== Excursion A. Kilbucho (Route: Figure 46) ===
			[[File:BiggarKilbuchoExcursionMap.jpg\|thumbnail\|Kilbucho - excursion map]]
	The excursion starts from Biggar on the A702 Edinburgh-Abington road. Take the minor road southwards past Hartree Mill and Knowehead and, crossing the Southern Upland Fault, ascend the steep hill to Crosscryne. Descend east past Howslack and Goseland near the entrance to the abandoned farm of Mitchelhill to examine two quarries on the north side of the road.		The excursion starts from Biggar on the A702 Edinburgh-Abington road. Take the minor road southwards past Hartree Mill and Knowehead and, crossing the Southern Upland Fault, ascend the steep hill to Crosscryne. Descend east past Howslack and Goseland near the entrance to the abandoned farm of Mitchelhill to examine two quarries on the north side of the road.

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	==== 7. Crannie Burn Screes ====		==== 7. Crannie Burn Screes ====
	At the south west end of White Hill (NS 052 335), are spectacular screes, the results of erosion by the westward-flowing Crannie Burn. They consist mainly of fine-grained Kirkcolm Formation greywacke, but there are some pebbles of chert. Above the screes two parallel faults traverse the gully west of White Hill and several small exposures on the hillside show greywackes dipping some 65° to the NW.		At the south west end of White Hill (NS 052 335), are spectacular screes, the results of erosion by the westward-flowing Crannie Burn. They consist mainly of fine-grained Kirkcolm Formation greywacke, but there are some pebbles of chert. Above the screes two parallel faults traverse the gully west of White Hill and several small exposures on the hillside show greywackes dipping some 65° to the NW.

	=== Excursion B. The Wandel Water ===		=== Excursion B. The Wandel Water ===

Scotfot: /* 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites */

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5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites

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	==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====		==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====
			[[File:BiggarUpperHawkwood.jpg\|thumbnail\|Upper Hawkwook - excursion map.]]

	The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach & Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.		The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach & Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.

Scotfot: /* 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites */

2015-03-15T19:16:03Z

5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:16, 15 March 2015
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	==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====		==== 5-12. Upper Hawkwood Burn: Llanvirn Cherts and Hyaloclastites ====
	The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach &Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.		The uppermost part of Hawkwood Burn (NS 972 248), where the rocks are well exposed, may be reached either by ascending the burn from Birnock, or by taking the upper of the two forestry tracks on the south-east side of the Wandel Water, leaving the cars at the U-bend towards the top of the hill and thence proceeding on foot. This presents no problems at the time of writing (1992) but may be difficult in a few years time owing to the growth of young trees. These may also obscure the present fine panorama northwards to the Carboniferous felsite laccolith of Tinto Hill. The section cut by the Hawkwood Burn, described by Peach & Horne (1899) is easily accessible, and chert, shale, greywacke and agglomerate are well-exposed in crags and faces, especially on the western side of the burn. According to Peach & Horne, the structure here is that of a tight anticline, with Arenig volcanics exposed in the centre of the fold, and younger rocks to the north and south. The rocks, however, are cut by many NE-SW trending faults, and the structure is probably one of more complex imbrication.

	The best section is exposed on the western bank where, on ascending the valley, Caradoc greywackes are first encountered (5) followed by thin shales which have yielded a few graptolites. A few metres farther south lies a sequence of red and grey cherts with interbedded red shales, well-exposed on both sides of the burn and forming sharp crags. At (6) and (7) the cherts are seen to be tightly folded and their apparent thickness of 15 m must be greatly exaggerated. Both the red cherts and the associated grey cherts are full of radiolarians, visible with a lens as round specks and in thin section as single or double-walled spheres, some of which retain radial spines. In places the grey cherts contain clasts of devitrified igneous material. At some localities (6, 8, 9), the red shales interbedded with the cherts yield a sparse fauna of conodonts, white in colour and lying flat on the bedding planes. They thus occur in a similar manner to those described by Lamont & Lindstrom (~~957~~) from elsewhere in the Northern Belt. Rare thin-bivalves and inarticulate brachiopods including Lingula also occur in the red shales. The conodonts occur in thin layers (Armstrong et al. 1990). ''Periodon aculeatus'' ramiform elements are common and, together with the rarer ''Prioniodus,'' ''Drepanoistodus'' and ''Protopanderodus,'' comprise a characteristic specialised deepwater association of Llanvirn age. This is compatible with a stratigraphic position for the red cherts and mudstones towards the base of the Moffat Shale Group.		The best section is exposed on the western bank where, on ascending the valley, Caradoc greywackes are first encountered (5) followed by thin shales which have yielded a few graptolites. A few metres farther south lies a sequence of red and grey cherts with interbedded red shales, well-exposed on both sides of the burn and forming sharp crags. At (6) and (7) the cherts are seen to be tightly folded and their apparent thickness of 15 m must be greatly exaggerated. Both the red cherts and the associated grey cherts are full of radiolarians, visible with a lens as round specks and in thin section as single or double-walled spheres, some of which retain radial spines. In places the grey cherts contain clasts of devitrified igneous material. At some localities (6, 8, 9), the red shales interbedded with the cherts yield a sparse fauna of conodonts, white in colour and lying flat on the bedding planes. They thus occur in a similar manner to those described by Lamont & Lindstrom (1957)<ref>Lamont, A. and Lindstrom, M. 1957. Arenigian and Llandeilian cherts identified in the Southern Uplands of Scotland by means of conodonts etc. Trans. Edinb. Geol. Soc. 17, 60-70.</ref> from elsewhere in the Northern Belt. Rare thin-bivalves and inarticulate brachiopods including Lingula also occur in the red shales. The conodonts occur in thin layers (Armstrong et al. 1990)<ref>Armstrong, H.A., Clarkson, E.N.K. and Owen, A.W. 1990. A new Lower Ordovician conodont faunule from the Northern Belt of the Southern Uplands. Scott. J.Geol. 26, 47-52.</ref>. ''Periodon aculeatus'' ramiform elements are common and, together with the rarer ''Prioniodus,'' ''Drepanoistodus'' and ''Protopanderodus,'' comprise a characteristic specialised deepwater association of Llanvirn age. This is compatible with a stratigraphic position for the red cherts and mudstones towards the base of the Moffat Shale Group.


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	Farther to the south the red (11) and grey (12) cherts reappear. At this latter locality is a poorly exposed bank of shaly debris containing rare and fragmentary graptolites characteristic of the Glenkiln Shales.		Farther to the south the red (11) and grey (12) cherts reappear. At this latter locality is a poorly exposed bank of shaly debris containing rare and fragmentary graptolites characteristic of the Glenkiln Shales.

	Equivalent sections are preserved in several of the high valleys in the surrounding hills such as Rough Gill, Deil's Barn Door, Lead Burn and reference may be made to Peach & Horne (1899) for details. As these sections are less accessible and involve hard walking over long distances they are not considered further in this account.		Equivalent sections are preserved in several of the high valleys in the surrounding hills such as Rough Gill, Deil's Barn Door, Lead Burn and reference may be made to Peach & Horne (1899)<ref>Peach, B.N. and Horne, J. 1899. The Silurian rocks of Britain, 1, Scotland. Mem. Geol. Surv. U.K.</ref> for details. As these sections are less accessible and involve hard walking over long distances they are not considered further in this account.

	===References===		===References===

Scotfot: /* 2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales */

2015-03-15T19:13:40Z

2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales

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	==== 2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales ====		==== 2. Hawkwood Burn: Glenkiln Shales ====
	At the confluence of the Hawkwood Burn and the Wandel Water (973 259) is an exposure of vertically bedded, dark Glenkiln shales from which Peach & Horne (1899) recorded a rich and diverse fauna of graptolites including ''Didymograptus superstes'' and ''Climacograptus tricornis''. At present the locality does not seem to be especially productive, and better faunas are to be found on new forestry tracks north of the Wandel Water, and in Rein Gill (localities 3 and 4).		At the confluence of the Hawkwood Burn and the Wandel Water (973 259) is an exposure of vertically bedded, dark Glenkiln shales from which Peach & Horne (1899)<ref>Peach, B.N. and Horne, J. 1899. The Silurian rocks of Britain, 1, Scotland. Mem. Geol. Surv. U.K.</ref> recorded a rich and diverse fauna of graptolites including ''Didymograptus superstes'' and ''Climacograptus tricornis''. At present the locality does not seem to be especially productive, and better faunas are to be found on new forestry tracks north of the Wandel Water, and in Rein Gill (localities 3 and 4).

	==== 3. Forestry Tracks: Glenkiln Shales ====		==== 3. Forestry Tracks: Glenkiln Shales ====