Cainozoic of north-east Scotland, introduction - Revision history

Lmo at 11:01, 16 September 2015

2015-09-16T11:01:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 16 September 2015
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	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
	[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]		:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
	:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]		:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]

Lmo at 11:00, 16 September 2015

2015-09-16T11:00:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 16 September 2015
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	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
			[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]		:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
	:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]		:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]
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	:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]		:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]

	~~[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]~~
	[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]		[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]
	The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.		The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.

Lmo: /* Introduction */

2015-09-16T10:57:58Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 16 September 2015
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	\|+ style="caption-side:top;"\|Division of the Cainozoic		\|+ style="caption-side:top;"\|Division of the Cainozoic
	\|-		\|-
	! Era\|\|Period (System)\|\|Epoch (Series)\|\|Age(of base Ma)		! Era\|\|Period (System)\|\|Epoch (Series)\|\|Age (of base Ma)
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="7" \| CAINAZOIC		\| style="vertical-align:middle;" rowspan="7" \| CAINAZOIC

Lmo at 09:08, 31 August 2015

2015-08-31T09:08:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:08, 31 August 2015
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	\|}		\|}

	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the ~~above-~~mentioned ~~maps~~. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
	:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]		:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
	:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]		:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]

Lmo at 10:31, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T10:31:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 28 August 2015
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	\|}		\|}

	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on ~~Maps 1 to 11 at~~ the ~~back of this publication~~.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
			:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
			:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]
			:[[Media:P915373.png\|Sheet 96E Banff. P915373.]]
			:[[Media:P915374.png\|Sheet 97 Fraserburgh. P915374.]]
			:[[Media:P915375.png\|Sheet 86E Turriff. P915375.]]
			:[[Media:P915376.png\|Sheet 87W Ellon. P915376.]]
			:[[Media:P915377.png\|Sheet 87E Peterhead. P915377.]]
			:[[Media:P915378.png\|Sheet 76E Inverurie. P915378.]]
			:[[Media:P915379.png\|Sheet 77 Aberdeen. P915379.]]
			:[[Media:P915380.png\|Sheet 66E Banchory. P915380.]]
			:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]

	[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]

Lmo at 10:26, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T10:26:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 28 August 2015
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
	~~[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]~~		[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]
	[[File:P915341.png~~\|left~~\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]
	The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.		The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.

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	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.

			[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]		[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]
	The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.		The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.

Lmo: /* Introduction */

2015-08-28T10:23:46Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:23, 28 August 2015
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	\|}		\|}


	~~[[File:P220387.jpg\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]~~
	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.

Lmo: /* Introduction */

2015-08-28T10:22:36Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:22, 28 August 2015
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
	[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]		[[File:P915341.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]
	The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.		The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.

Lmo at 10:20, 28 August 2015

2015-08-28T10:20:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 28 August 2015
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	[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]		[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]
	~~[[File:P220387.jpg\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]~~
	~~[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]~~
	The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.		The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.

Line 32:		Line 30:
	\|}		\|}


			[[File:P220387.jpg\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]
	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.

			[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]
	The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.		The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.

			[[File:P220387.jpg\|left\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]
	The Buchan Plateau is overlooked on its south-western margin by Bennachie (528 m OD) (Sheet 76E), a local granite landmark that has become part of the folklore of the region [[Media:P220387.jpg\|(P220387)]]. Farther south, other large hills of granite also dominate the scenery inland from Aberdeen, including the Hill of Fare (471 m OD), Brimmond Hill (266 m OD) and Kerloch (534 m OD). Many of the rocks of the district have been deeply weathered and these weakened strata have been eroded into wide basins, for example the basic igneous rocks around Maud and Insch [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. However, some basic rocks are relatively fresh and form isolated hills, such as the broad ridge that extends from Pitgavenny Hill (236 m OD) towards Belhelvie. Another belt of high ground largely underlain by granite forms the eastern continuation of The Mounth. It is bounded to the south by the Highland Boundary Fault and to the north by the Dee valley, which is a major topographic corridor descending from the Gaick Plateau and the Cairngorm Mountains to the west of the district. The extreme south of the district falls within the gently undulating vale of Strathmore, which is underlain mainly by Old Red Sandstone lithologies and associated late Silurian to Devonian volcanic rocks. Although Strathmore is generally low lying, conglomerates near the Highland Boundary Fault form ridges parallel to the fault and volcanic rocks form hills such as Hill of Bruxie (216 m), south-west of Stonehaven.		The Buchan Plateau is overlooked on its south-western margin by Bennachie (528 m OD) (Sheet 76E), a local granite landmark that has become part of the folklore of the region [[Media:P220387.jpg\|(P220387)]]. Farther south, other large hills of granite also dominate the scenery inland from Aberdeen, including the Hill of Fare (471 m OD), Brimmond Hill (266 m OD) and Kerloch (534 m OD). Many of the rocks of the district have been deeply weathered and these weakened strata have been eroded into wide basins, for example the basic igneous rocks around Maud and Insch [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. However, some basic rocks are relatively fresh and form isolated hills, such as the broad ridge that extends from Pitgavenny Hill (236 m OD) towards Belhelvie. Another belt of high ground largely underlain by granite forms the eastern continuation of The Mounth. It is bounded to the south by the Highland Boundary Fault and to the north by the Dee valley, which is a major topographic corridor descending from the Gaick Plateau and the Cairngorm Mountains to the west of the district. The extreme south of the district falls within the gently undulating vale of Strathmore, which is underlain mainly by Old Red Sandstone lithologies and associated late Silurian to Devonian volcanic rocks. Although Strathmore is generally low lying, conglomerates near the Highland Boundary Fault form ridges parallel to the fault and volcanic rocks form hills such as Hill of Bruxie (216 m), south-west of Stonehaven.

Lmo at 10:56, 14 August 2015

2015-08-14T10:56:02Z

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 == References ==
 [[References, Cainozoic of north-east Scotland|Full reference list]]
 [[Category:Grampian Highlands]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 16 September 2015
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	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the maps mentioned below. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
			[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]		:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
	:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]		:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]
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	:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]		:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]

	~~[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]~~
	[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]		[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]
	The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.		The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 28 August 2015
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	\|}		\|}

	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on ~~Maps 1 to 11 at~~ the ~~back of this publication~~.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on the following maps:
			:[[Media:P915371.png\|Elgin district. P915371.]]
			:[[Media:P915372.png\|Sheet 96W Portsoy. P915372.]]
			:[[Media:P915373.png\|Sheet 96E Banff. P915373.]]
			:[[Media:P915374.png\|Sheet 97 Fraserburgh. P915374.]]
			:[[Media:P915375.png\|Sheet 86E Turriff. P915375.]]
			:[[Media:P915376.png\|Sheet 87W Ellon. P915376.]]
			:[[Media:P915377.png\|Sheet 87E Peterhead. P915377.]]
			:[[Media:P915378.png\|Sheet 76E Inverurie. P915378.]]
			:[[Media:P915379.png\|Sheet 77 Aberdeen. P915379.]]
			:[[Media:P915380.png\|Sheet 66E Banchory. P915380.]]
			:[[Media:P915381.png\|Sheet 67 Stonehaven. P915381.]]

	[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|left\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 28 August 2015
Line 4:		Line 4:
	[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]		[[File:P915248.png\|thumbnail\|Topography and geological sheet boundaries. P915248.]]
	[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]		[[File:P915341.png\|thumbnail\|Summary of events preserved in the marine and onshore records. P915341.]]
	~~[[File:P220387.jpg\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]~~
	~~[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]~~
	The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.		The region described here (and referred henceforth as ‘the district’) spans the coastal hinterland and Buchan Plateau of north-east Scotland stretching from Elgin, on the southern coast of the Moray Firth, to Inverbervie, on the North Sea coast [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]]. This account summarises the Quaternary geology [[Media:P915341.png\|(P915341)]] presented on the Drift (or Solid-and-Drift) editions of the 1:50 000 Series sheets 66 Banchory, 67 Stonehaven, 76E Inverurie, 86E Turriff, 87W Ellon, 87E Peterhead, 96W Portsoy, 96E Banff and 97 Fraserburgh. It also encompasses sheets 77 Aberdeen and 95 Elgin, for which modern memoirs including full descriptive accounts on the Quaternary are available. Details of the coverage and availability of maps, memoirs, sheet explanations and other publications are given in Information Sources.

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	\|}		\|}


			[[File:P220387.jpg\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]
	The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.		The aim of this memoir is to consider landscape evolution throughout the Cainozoic era (table above), as well providing a description of the Quaternary deposits shown on the above-mentioned maps. Many elements of the landscape were created prior to the Quaternary, and furthermore, important deposits of Palaeogene to Neogene age have been shown as drift deposits on some maps. Place names mentioned in the text and a selection of geomorphological features, deposits and other Cainozoic phenomena are shown on Maps 1 to 11 at the back of this publication.

			[[File:P915249.png\|thumbnail\|Solid geology of the district. P915249.]]
	The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.		The coastal lowlands of north-east Scotland flank the Grampian Highlands, which rise south-westwards towards the Cairngorm Mountains. Much of the district lies below the 250 m contour and is characterised by a series of ancient plateau surfaces eroded across a wide variety of rock types. The predominant surface is the rolling Buchan Plateau [[Media:P915248.png\|(P915248)]] lying between 60 and 150 m OD. Only the most resistant quartzitic rocks form distinct hills, such as the conspicuous Mormond Hill (234 m OD), between Fraserburgh and Peterhead, and the more subdued Hill of Dudwick to the north-east of Ellon. The Buchan Plateau is crossed by a broad, gently undulating ridge that trends south-westwards from the coast at Troup Head (Sheet 96E) and which is developed mainly on relatively flat-lying Old Red Sandstone lithologies and Dalradian slates [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. Other similar trending ridges, some 220 to 310 m high, are formed mainly of steeply dipping Dalradian quartzite, and reach the high, rugged coastline of the Moray Firth between Banff and Portknockie. These ridges merge westwards, towards the River Spey, into a dissected plateau standing between 180 and 265 m OD. It is developed across Old Red Sandstone lithologies, Dalradian flaggy micaceous psammites and semipelites and more massive quartzites.

			[[File:P220387.jpg\|left\|thumbnail\|View of Bennachie taken from the north-east. P220387.]]
	The Buchan Plateau is overlooked on its south-western margin by Bennachie (528 m OD) (Sheet 76E), a local granite landmark that has become part of the folklore of the region [[Media:P220387.jpg\|(P220387)]]. Farther south, other large hills of granite also dominate the scenery inland from Aberdeen, including the Hill of Fare (471 m OD), Brimmond Hill (266 m OD) and Kerloch (534 m OD). Many of the rocks of the district have been deeply weathered and these weakened strata have been eroded into wide basins, for example the basic igneous rocks around Maud and Insch [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. However, some basic rocks are relatively fresh and form isolated hills, such as the broad ridge that extends from Pitgavenny Hill (236 m OD) towards Belhelvie. Another belt of high ground largely underlain by granite forms the eastern continuation of The Mounth. It is bounded to the south by the Highland Boundary Fault and to the north by the Dee valley, which is a major topographic corridor descending from the Gaick Plateau and the Cairngorm Mountains to the west of the district. The extreme south of the district falls within the gently undulating vale of Strathmore, which is underlain mainly by Old Red Sandstone lithologies and associated late Silurian to Devonian volcanic rocks. Although Strathmore is generally low lying, conglomerates near the Highland Boundary Fault form ridges parallel to the fault and volcanic rocks form hills such as Hill of Bruxie (216 m), south-west of Stonehaven.		The Buchan Plateau is overlooked on its south-western margin by Bennachie (528 m OD) (Sheet 76E), a local granite landmark that has become part of the folklore of the region [[Media:P220387.jpg\|(P220387)]]. Farther south, other large hills of granite also dominate the scenery inland from Aberdeen, including the Hill of Fare (471 m OD), Brimmond Hill (266 m OD) and Kerloch (534 m OD). Many of the rocks of the district have been deeply weathered and these weakened strata have been eroded into wide basins, for example the basic igneous rocks around Maud and Insch [[Media:P915249.png\|(P915249)]]. However, some basic rocks are relatively fresh and form isolated hills, such as the broad ridge that extends from Pitgavenny Hill (236 m OD) towards Belhelvie. Another belt of high ground largely underlain by granite forms the eastern continuation of The Mounth. It is bounded to the south by the Highland Boundary Fault and to the north by the Dee valley, which is a major topographic corridor descending from the Gaick Plateau and the Cairngorm Mountains to the west of the district. The extreme south of the district falls within the gently undulating vale of Strathmore, which is underlain mainly by Old Red Sandstone lithologies and associated late Silurian to Devonian volcanic rocks. Although Strathmore is generally low lying, conglomerates near the Highland Boundary Fault form ridges parallel to the fault and volcanic rocks form hills such as Hill of Bruxie (216 m), south-west of Stonehaven.