Case Study Water Point Payment Kenya - Revision history

Beod at 10:58, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T10:58:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 2 July 2019
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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya

			Please cite page as: Africa Groundwater Atlas. 2019. Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ''Weblink''.

	Go to the [[Hydrogeology of Kenya \| '''Hydrogeology of Kenya''']] page.		Go to the [[Hydrogeology of Kenya \| '''Hydrogeology of Kenya''']] page.

Beod at 13:32, 17 April 2018

2018-04-17T13:32:06Z

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	==Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya==		==Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya==


	This case study is based on the paper: Foster T and Hope R. 2016. [https://upgro.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/tim-foster-2018.pdf '''A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya''']. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302


	===Water supply in Kwale===		===Water supply in Kwale===
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	===Sources===		===Sources===

			This case study is based primarily on the following paper:

			Foster T and Hope R. 2016. [https://upgro.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/tim-foster-2018.pdf '''A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya''']. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302

			Other sources are:

	Carter RC and Ross I. 2016. Beyond ‘functionality’ of handpump-supplied rural water services in developing countries. Waterlines 35 (1). doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2016.008		Carter RC and Ross I. 2016. Beyond ‘functionality’ of handpump-supplied rural water services in developing countries. Waterlines 35 (1). doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2016.008

	Foster T and Hope R. 2016. A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302

	Government of Kenya Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB).2014. Impact: a Performance Review of Kenya's Water Services Sector 2012-2013. Water Services Regulatory Board, Nairobi.		Government of Kenya Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB).2014. Impact: a Performance Review of Kenya's Water Services Sector 2012-2013. Water Services Regulatory Board, Nairobi.

Beod at 10:03, 28 March 2018

2018-03-28T10:03:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 28 March 2018
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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya


			Go to the [[Hydrogeology of Kenya \| '''Hydrogeology of Kenya''']] page.

Beod at 09:11, 28 March 2018

2018-03-28T09:11:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 28 March 2018
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	[[File:WaterPumpLungaLunga.jpeg\|thumb\| 400 px\| center\| A water pump installed in Kwale County. ~~Figure source~~: [https://integrityaction.org/update/notes-from-field-integrity-action%E2%80%99s-president-visits-lunga-lunga-kenya Integrity Action 2015]]]		[[File:WaterPumpLungaLunga.jpeg\|thumb\| 400 px\| center\| A water pump installed in Kwale County. Image credit: [https://integrityaction.org/update/notes-from-field-integrity-action%E2%80%99s-president-visits-lunga-lunga-kenya Integrity Action 2015]]]

	===Behaviour related to water use payment===		===Behaviour related to water use payment===
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	Return to [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]]		Return to [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]]

	[[Category: Case study]]		[[Category: Case study]]

Beod at 08:49, 27 March 2018

2018-03-27T08:49:06Z

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	There can be many reasons why boreholes and wells become non-functional: for example, mechanical breakdown of pump or borehole parts; damage to parts because of poor groundwater quality; falling groundwater levels due to over-abstraction or drought; or just because the water point wasn’t high yielding enough in the first place to provide the required supply (Carter and Ross 2016). In this study, Foster and Hope identified a socio-economic factor that helps to explain the high rate of non-functional water points in Kwale.		There can be many reasons why boreholes and wells become non-functional: for example, mechanical breakdown of pump or borehole parts; damage to parts because of poor groundwater quality; falling groundwater levels due to over-abstraction or drought; or just because the water point wasn’t high yielding enough in the first place to provide the required supply (Carter and Ross 2016). In this study, Foster and Hope identified a socio-economic factor that helps to explain the high rate of non-functional water points in Kwale.


			[[File:WaterPumpLungaLunga.jpeg\|thumb\| 400 px\| center\| A water pump installed in Kwale County. Figure source: [https://integrityaction.org/update/notes-from-field-integrity-action%E2%80%99s-president-visits-lunga-lunga-kenya Integrity Action 2015]]]

	===Behaviour related to water use payment===		===Behaviour related to water use payment===

Beod: /* Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya */

2018-03-27T08:31:36Z

Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 27 March 2018
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	This case study is based on the paper: Foster T and Hope R. 2016. [https://upgro.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/tim-foster-2018.pdf A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya]. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302		This case study is based on the paper: Foster T and Hope R. 2016. [https://upgro.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/tim-foster-2018.pdf '''A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya''']. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302

Beod at 09:04, 25 January 2018

2018-01-25T09:04:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 25 January 2018
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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Additional resources]] >> [[Case studies \| Case studies]] or [[Groundwater irrigation in Africa \| Groundwater and irrigation in Africa]] >> Case study: Water point payment behaviour in Kwale, Kenya

Beod: /* Behaviour related to water use payment */

2018-01-25T09:03:41Z

Behaviour related to water use payment

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 25 January 2018
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	When the authors asked people their reasons for not paying, the commonest reason was the users' lack of funds (10.4%). However, 7.4% gave others’ non-payment as a reason; and 1.6% said they did not pay because they did not believe that the funds would be used for maintenance. This highlights the difference between '''ability to pay''' and '''willingness to pay'''.		When the authors asked people their reasons for not paying, the commonest reason was the users' lack of funds (10.4%). However, 7.4% gave others’ non-payment as a reason; and 1.6% said they did not pay because they did not believe that the funds would be used for maintenance. This highlights the difference between '''ability to pay''' and '''willingness to pay'''.

	The authors found that user fees for communal water points were less likely to be paid :		The authors found that user fees for communal water points were less likely to be paid in certain circumstances:

	====If the water point is used in the rainy season====		====If the water point is used in the rainy season====

	In the rainy season, the relative value of a groundwater source is low, which further decreases the willingness of users to pay for it. Almost 20% of people reported supplemented their drinking water supply with rain and river water in rainy season.		In the rainy season, the relative value of a groundwater source is low, which further decreases the willingness of users to pay for it. Almost 20% of people reported supplemented their drinking water supply with rain and river water in rainy season.
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	Foster and Hope considered that, in areas with good availability of seasonal water sources, careful consideration should be given to the whether community-managed hand pumps are the most sustainable water provision option. Especially in situations where households are dispersed, other options such as protected family wells could be more successful, as they remove the need for community scale revenue collection.		Foster and Hope considered that, in areas with good availability of seasonal water sources, careful consideration should be given to the whether community-managed hand pumps are the most sustainable water provision option. Especially in situations where households are dispersed, other options such as protected family wells could be more successful, as they remove the need for community scale revenue collection.

	====If water was not used for economically productive functions====		====If water was not used for economically productive functions====

	People who used water for economically productive purposes were more likely to pay fees.		People who used water for economically productive purposes were more likely to pay fees.

Beod: /* Behaviour related to water use payment */

2018-01-25T09:03:13Z

Behaviour related to water use payment

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 25 January 2018
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	When the authors asked people their reasons for not paying, the commonest reason was the users' lack of funds (10.4%). However, 7.4% gave others’ non-payment as a reason; and 1.6% said they did not pay because they did not believe that the funds would be used for maintenance. This highlights the difference between '''ability to pay''' and '''willingness to pay'''.		When the authors asked people their reasons for not paying, the commonest reason was the users' lack of funds (10.4%). However, 7.4% gave others’ non-payment as a reason; and 1.6% said they did not pay because they did not believe that the funds would be used for maintenance. This highlights the difference between '''ability to pay''' and '''willingness to pay'''.

	The authors found that user fees for communal water points were less likely to be paid if:		The authors found that user fees for communal water points were less likely to be paid :

	====If the water point is used in the rainy season====		====If the water point is used in the rainy season====

	In the rainy season, the relative value of a groundwater source is low, which further decreases the willingness of users to pay for it. Almost 20% of people reported supplemented their drinking water supply with rain and river water in rainy season.		In the rainy season, the relative value of a groundwater source is low, which further decreases the willingness of users to pay for it. Almost 20% of people reported supplemented their drinking water supply with rain and river water in rainy season.
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	Foster and Hope considered that, in areas with good availability of seasonal water sources, careful consideration should be given to the whether community-managed hand pumps are the most sustainable water provision option. Especially in situations where households are dispersed, other options such as protected family wells could be more successful, as they remove the need for community scale revenue collection.		Foster and Hope considered that, in areas with good availability of seasonal water sources, careful consideration should be given to the whether community-managed hand pumps are the most sustainable water provision option. Especially in situations where households are dispersed, other options such as protected family wells could be more successful, as they remove the need for community scale revenue collection.

	====~~Water~~ was not used for economically productive functions====		====If water was not used for economically productive functions====

	People who used water for economically productive purposes were more likely to pay fees.		People who used water for economically productive purposes were more likely to pay fees.

Beod at 09:02, 25 January 2018

2018-01-25T09:02:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:02, 25 January 2018
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	This case study is based on the paper: Foster T and Hope R. 2016. A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96.		This case study is based on the paper: Foster T and Hope R. 2016. [https://upgro.files.wordpress.com/2018/01/tim-foster-2018.pdf A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya]. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302



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	Carter RC and Ross I. 2016. Beyond ‘functionality’ of handpump-supplied rural water services in developing countries. Waterlines 35 (1). doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2016.008		Carter RC and Ross I. 2016. Beyond ‘functionality’ of handpump-supplied rural water services in developing countries. Waterlines 35 (1). doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2016.008

	Foster T and Hope R. 2016. A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96.		Foster T and Hope R. 2016. A multi-decadal and social-ecological systems analysis of community waterpoint payment behaviours in rural Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 47, 85-96. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.302

	Government of Kenya Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB).2014. Impact: a Performance Review of Kenya's Water Services Sector 2012-2013. Water Services Regulatory Board, Nairobi.		Government of Kenya Water Services Regulatory Board (WASREB).2014. Impact: a Performance Review of Kenya's Water Services Sector 2012-2013. Water Services Regulatory Board, Nairobi.