FAO AQUASTAT Information - Revision history

Beod: /* AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis */

2019-06-05T08:55:46Z

AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis

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	===AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis===		===AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis===

	The AQUASTAT Main Database reports water statistics at a country level, with a special emphasis on irrigation and agricultural water. The ~~statistics~~ are ~~based on the best available data~~ and ~~analysis techniques, but are dependent on the data~~ reported by ~~third parties around the world. Although AQUASTAT provides the most comprehensive available data on global water resources~~ and ~~use~~, there are a number of data gaps for many countries. These gaps are often worse for groundwater, because groundwater use is more difficult to measure directly than surface water use. This is especially the case for agriculture, as large scale irrigation schemes, which are easier to measure, are usually based on surface water~~. By contrast, groundwater-based irrigation~~ and ~~other~~ agricultural ~~use in Africa is dominantly small-scale and managed by individual farmers or communities, and so is very difficult to measure and record~~. AQUASTAT ~~uses [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm modelling]~~ to ~~fill~~ in ~~some of these data gaps. It should be recognised that these modelled data may not be accurate~~.		The AQUASTAT Main Database reports water statistics at a country level, with a special emphasis on irrigation and agricultural water. The AQUASTAT data are collected and reported by various national and international agencies, but mostly from national government statistics offices and water and agricultural authorities. AQUASTAT collates this information by annual questionnaires sent to national correspondents in each country.

	The data ~~collated by AQUASTAT are reported by national governments~~ and ~~other agencies around the world. They~~ are rigorously validated to check their source and ensure internal accuracy. The data are updated at different frequencies, for example:		The statistics are based on the best available data and analysis techniques, and are rigorously validated to check their source and ensure internal accuracy. However, their accuracy and comprehensiveness depend on the data collected and reported by the national and international agencies. There are a number of data gaps for many countries, and these gaps are often worse for groundwater, because groundwater use is more difficult to measure directly than surface water use. This is especially the case for agriculture, as large scale irrigation schemes, which are easier to measure, are usually based on surface water. By contrast, groundwater-based irrigation and other agricultural use in Africa is dominantly small-scale and managed by individual farmers or communities, and so is very difficult to measure and record. AQUASTAT uses [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm modelling] to fill in some of these data gaps. It should be recognised that these modelled data may not be accurate.

			The data are updated at different frequencies, for example:

	:- Water resources data are long-term average annual values, which remain the same over the years. A comprehensive review was done in 2014.		:- Water resources data are long-term average annual values, which remain the same over the years. A comprehensive review was done in 2014.

Beod: /* Explanations of AQUASTAT variables */

2019-06-05T08:51:22Z

Explanations of AQUASTAT variables

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	\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for long term annual average '''groundwater recharge''' which comes from precipitation (rainfall) inside the country boundary. It is estimated by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or a river base flow (in humid countries).		\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for long term annual average '''groundwater recharge''' which comes from precipitation (rainfall) inside the country boundary. It is estimated by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or a river base flow (in humid countries).
	\|-		\|-
	\|Estimated total renewable groundwater (million cubic metres/year)		\|Estimated total renewable groundwater (million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|AQUASTAT calculates this as the sum of internal renewable groundwater resources (i.e. groundwater recharge - called by AQUASTAT 'groundwater produced internally') and external renewable groundwater resources (i.e. groundwater entering/flowing into the country). I.e., this is '''all recharge inside the country plus all groundwater flowing into the country from outside.'''		\|\|AQUASTAT calculates this as the sum of internal renewable groundwater resources (i.e. groundwater recharge - called by AQUASTAT 'groundwater produced internally') and external renewable groundwater resources (i.e. groundwater entering/flowing into the country). I.e., this is '''all recharge inside the country plus all groundwater flowing into the country from outside.'''

			Note that where there is no data on groundwater flows into the country, this value will be identical to the 'groundwater produced internally' (recharge) value.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Exploitable: Regular renewable groundwater resources (million cubic metres/year)		\|Exploitable: Regular renewable groundwater resources (million cubic metres/year)
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Groundwater: entering the country (million cubic metres/year)		\|Groundwater: entering the country (million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|Defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater entering the country that is not submitted to treaties or secured through treaties.		\|\|Defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater naturally flowing into (entering) the country that is not submitted to treaties or secured through treaties.

	Another similar AQUASTAT variable, (Groundwater: accounted inflow), has not been included in the Atlas: this is defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater annually entering the country, taking into consideration eventual treaties. There are no countries in Africa with agreed treaties on the quantity of groundwater entering the country, and so there is no practical difference between these two variables. Additionally, very few countries in Africa hold any data on any groundwater inflows from outside the country.		Another similar AQUASTAT variable, (Groundwater: accounted inflow), has not been included in the Atlas: this is defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater annually entering the country, taking into consideration eventual treaties. There are no countries in Africa with agreed treaties on the quantity of groundwater entering the country, and so there is no practical difference between these two variables. Additionally, very few countries in Africa hold any data on any groundwater inflows from outside the country.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Groundwater: leaving the country to other countries (Million cubic metres/year)		\|Groundwater: leaving the country to other countries (Million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|Defined as the average annual quantity of groundwater leaving the country, without treaties. It refers to groundwater flowing to other countries, NOT any groundwater that flows to the sea for countries located next to the sea.		\|\|Defined as the average annual quantity of groundwater naturally flowing out of (leaving) the country, without treaties. It refers to groundwater flowing to other countries, NOT any groundwater that flows to the sea for countries located next to the sea.

	Another similar AQUASTAT variable, (Groundwater: accounted outflow to other countries), has not been included in the Atlas. This is defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater leaving the country that is not submitted to treaties or secured through treaties. There are no countries in Africa with agreed treaties on the quantity of groundwater leaving the country, and so there is no practical difference between these two variables. Additionally, very few countries in Africa hold any data on any groundwater outflows to other countries, or to the sea.		Another similar AQUASTAT variable, (Groundwater: accounted outflow to other countries), has not been included in the Atlas. This is defined as the long term average annual quantity of groundwater leaving the country that is not submitted to treaties or secured through treaties. There are no countries in Africa with agreed treaties on the quantity of groundwater leaving the country, and so there is no practical difference between these two variables. Additionally, very few countries in Africa hold any data on any groundwater outflows to other countries, or to the sea.

Beod: /* Explanations of AQUASTAT variables */

2019-06-04T13:43:28Z

Explanations of AQUASTAT variables

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	\|-		\|-
	\|Fresh groundwater withdrawal (primary and secondary) (Million cubic metres/year)		\|Fresh groundwater withdrawal (primary and secondary) (Million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for '''groundwater abstraction. It includes primary and secondary groundwater withdrawals (abstractions). Primary groundwater withdrawal is groundwater that has not been abstracted before. Secondary withdrawal is groundwater that was previously abstracted and returned to an aquifer (e.g., including irrigation returns or recharge of waste water).		\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for '''groundwater abstraction'''. It includes primary and secondary groundwater withdrawals (abstractions). Primary groundwater withdrawal is groundwater that has not been abstracted before. Secondary withdrawal is groundwater that was previously abstracted and returned to an aquifer (e.g., including irrigation returns or recharge of waste water).

	In practise, distinguishing between primary and secondary withdrawals is rarely possible. Additionally, estimating groundwater abstractions in most African countries is very difficult, because they are widely distributed and often unrecorded. The estimates of groundwater withdrawal (abstraction) are likely to be calculated differently in different countries. They may not include any estimate of distributed groundwater abstraction from the boreholes, wells and springs used by most people in Africa for water supplies.		In practise, distinguishing between primary and secondary withdrawals is rarely possible. Additionally, estimating groundwater abstractions in most African countries is very difficult, because they are widely distributed and often unrecorded. The estimates of groundwater withdrawal (abstraction) are likely to be calculated differently in different countries. They may not include any estimate of distributed groundwater abstraction from the boreholes, wells and springs used by most people in Africa for water supplies.

Beod: /* Explanations of AQUASTAT variables */

2019-06-04T13:40:52Z

Explanations of AQUASTAT variables

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	\|'''AQUASTAT Variable''' \|\| '''Explanation'''		\|'''AQUASTAT Variable''' \|\| '''Explanation'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|Groundwater produced internally ~~('''groundwater recharge''')~~ (million cubic metres/year)		\|Groundwater produced internally (million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for ~~'''~~long term annual average groundwater recharge'''~~, derived~~ from precipitation ~~within~~ the country boundary. ~~Estimated~~ by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or ~~calculating~~ river base flow (in humid countries).		\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for long term annual average '''groundwater recharge''' which comes from precipitation (rainfall) inside the country boundary. It is estimated by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or a river base flow (in humid countries).
	\|-		\|-
	\|Estimated total renewable groundwater (million cubic metres/year)		\|Estimated total renewable groundwater (million cubic metres/year)
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	\|\|This is defined as the groundwater resources available for development, taking into account environmental, economic and engineering factors. It is specifically defined as the '''average groundwater flow available 90% of the time and economically/environmentally viable to extract'''. AQUASTAT states that estimation methods for this vary from country to country, so it may be difficult to use this to compare between countries.		\|\|This is defined as the groundwater resources available for development, taking into account environmental, economic and engineering factors. It is specifically defined as the '''average groundwater flow available 90% of the time and economically/environmentally viable to extract'''. AQUASTAT states that estimation methods for this vary from country to country, so it may be difficult to use this to compare between countries.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Fresh groundwater withdrawal (primary and secondary~~) ('''groundwater abstraction'''~~) (Million cubic metres/year)		\|Fresh groundwater withdrawal (primary and secondary) (Million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|~~Includes~~ primary and secondary groundwater withdrawals (abstractions). Primary groundwater withdrawal is groundwater that has not been abstracted before~~; secondary~~ is groundwater that was previously abstracted and returned to an aquifer (e.g., including irrigation returns or recharge of waste water).		\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for '''groundwater abstraction. It includes primary and secondary groundwater withdrawals (abstractions). Primary groundwater withdrawal is groundwater that has not been abstracted before. Secondary withdrawal is groundwater that was previously abstracted and returned to an aquifer (e.g., including irrigation returns or recharge of waste water).

	In practise, distinguishing between primary and secondary withdrawals is rarely possible. Additionally, estimating groundwater abstractions in most African countries is very difficult, because they are widely distributed and often unrecorded. The estimates of groundwater withdrawal (abstraction) are likely to be calculated differently in different countries.		In practise, distinguishing between primary and secondary withdrawals is rarely possible. Additionally, estimating groundwater abstractions in most African countries is very difficult, because they are widely distributed and often unrecorded. The estimates of groundwater withdrawal (abstraction) are likely to be calculated differently in different countries. They may not include any estimate of distributed groundwater abstraction from the boreholes, wells and springs used by most people in Africa for water supplies.
	\|-		\|-
	\|Groundwater: entering the country (million cubic metres/year)		\|Groundwater: entering the country (million cubic metres/year)

Beod at 12:51, 4 June 2019

2019-06-04T12:51:08Z

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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> Groundwater use in Africa >> FAO AQUASTAT Information page		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> [[Groundwater use \|Groundwater use in Africa]] >> FAO AQUASTAT Information page


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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> Groundwater use in Africa		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> [[Groundwater use \|Groundwater use in Africa]]

	[[Category:Additional resources]]		[[Category:Additional resources]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Beod at 12:39, 4 June 2019

2019-06-04T12:39:26Z

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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater use \| Groundwater use in Africa]] >>FAO AQUASTAT Information page		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> Groundwater use in Africa >> FAO AQUASTAT Information page


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	~~Return to~~ [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater use \| Groundwater use in Africa]]		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management and use]] >> Groundwater use in Africa

	[[Category:Additional resources]]		[[Category:Additional resources]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Beod at 12:36, 4 June 2019

2019-06-04T12:36:46Z

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	==[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT]==		==[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT]==

	[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT] is the FAO’s global ~~water~~ information system~~, providing~~ data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, with a special emphasis on agricultural and irrigation water ~~use. AQUASTAT is widely used as a source of information on groundwater~~ use.		[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT] is the FAO’s global information system on water and agriculture. It provides data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, with a special emphasis on agricultural and irrigation water use.

	AQUASTAT ~~provides~~ [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/index.stm country profiles] with general information on the geographical and economic situation of each country, and more detailed information on surface water and groundwater resources, water use, and water management. The aim is to describe the particularities of the country and problems relating to the development of the water resources and, in particular, irrigation. There is information on irrigation trends; existing policies and legislation relating to water use in agriculture; possible treaties and agreements between countries; and prospects for water management in agriculture are presented.		AQUASTAT produces [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/index.stm country profiles] with general information on the geographical and economic situation of each country, and more detailed information on surface water and groundwater resources, water use, and water management. The aim is to describe the particularities of the country and problems relating to the development of the water resources and, in particular, irrigation. There is information on irrigation trends; existing policies and legislation relating to water use in agriculture; possible treaties and agreements between countries; and prospects for water management in agriculture are presented.

	===AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis===		===AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis===
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	However, it should be recognised that these data are not comprehensive, and cannot give a complete picture of groundwater use. In particular, keep in mind the following:		However, it should be recognised that these data are not comprehensive, and cannot give a complete picture of groundwater use. In particular, keep in mind the following:

			:-AQUASTAT does not include any information on domestic water use from distributed water sources - e.g. boreholes/tubewells, dug wells or springs. In much of Africa, this is the main use of groundwater - traditionally in rural areas, and increasingly in urban areas.

	:- The date of the statistic. Older data may now be out of date.		:- The date of the statistic. Older data may now be out of date.
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	Explanations of some AQUASTAT variables, including all those quoted in the Atlas, are given in the tables below. These are based on the FAO AQUASTAT [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/glossary/search.html?lang=en glossary].		Explanations of some AQUASTAT variables, including all those quoted in the Atlas, are given in the tables below. These are based on the FAO AQUASTAT [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/glossary/search.html?lang=en glossary].

	Note that the units quoted in the Atlas and in the table below may be different from those quoted in AQUASTAT.		''Note that the units quoted in the Atlas and in the table below may be different from those quoted in AQUASTAT.''

	'''Key groundwater resource statistics'''		'''Key groundwater resource statistics'''

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 :- Some specific data categories are updated in collaboration with other agencies, as and when data become available, such as: access to improved drinking water source sub-category data are provided by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.
-Some key FAO AQUASTAT groundwater and other water statistics are included in the country pages in this Atlas. These statistics provide a very useful overview of the extent of groundwater resources and use in each country, compared to surface water resources, and allow comparison between countries. However, it should be recognised that they are not comprehensive, and cannot give a complete picture of groundwater use.
+===Using AQUASTAT Data for Groundwater Assessment===
 ===Explanations of AQUASTAT variables===

Beod at 16:29, 21 February 2019

2019-02-21T16:29:14Z

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	This page is still in development. Please check back soon for more information.		This page is still in development. Please check back soon for more information.

			==[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT]==

	[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT] is the FAO’s global water information system, providing data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, with a special emphasis on agricultural and irrigation water use. AQUASTAT is widely used as a source of information on groundwater use.		[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO AQUASTAT] is the FAO’s global water information system, providing data for countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, with a special emphasis on agricultural and irrigation water use. AQUASTAT is widely used as a source of information on groundwater use.
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	AQUASTAT provides [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/index.stm country profiles] with general information on the geographical and economic situation of each country, and more detailed information on surface water and groundwater resources, water use, and water management. The aim is to describe the particularities of the country and problems relating to the development of the water resources and, in particular, irrigation. There is information on irrigation trends; existing policies and legislation relating to water use in agriculture; possible treaties and agreements between countries; and prospects for water management in agriculture are presented.		AQUASTAT provides [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/index.stm country profiles] with general information on the geographical and economic situation of each country, and more detailed information on surface water and groundwater resources, water use, and water management. The aim is to describe the particularities of the country and problems relating to the development of the water resources and, in particular, irrigation. There is information on irrigation trends; existing policies and legislation relating to water use in agriculture; possible treaties and agreements between countries; and prospects for water management in agriculture are presented.

	~~The~~ AQUASTAT database holds water statistics at a country level. The statistics are based on the best available data and analysis techniques, but even so, there are data gaps for many countries. These gaps are often worse for groundwater, because groundwater use is more difficult to measure directly than surface water use. This is especially the case for agriculture, as large scale irrigation schemes, which are easier to measure, are usually based on surface water. By contrast, groundwater-based irrigation and other agricultural use in Africa is dominantly small-~~scale and managed by individual farmers or communities,~~ and so is very difficult to measure and record. AQUASTAT uses [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm modelling] to fill in some of these data gaps. It should be recognised that these modelled data may not be accurate.		===AQUASTAT Data - Sources and Analysis===

	~~We have included key FAO~~ AQUASTAT groundwater ~~statistics~~, and other water ~~statistics~~ that may be ~~useful~~ to ~~those working~~ with groundwater, in the country pages of this Atlas. These statistics provide a very useful overview of the extent of groundwater resources and use in each country, compared to surface water resources, and allow comparison between countries.		The AQUASTAT Main Database reports water statistics at a country level, with a special emphasis on irrigation and agricultural water. The statistics are based on the best available data and analysis techniques, but are dependent on the data reported by third parties around the world. Although AQUASTAT provides the most comprehensive available data on global water resources and use, there are a number of data gaps for many countries. These gaps are often worse for groundwater, because groundwater use is more difficult to measure directly than surface water use. This is especially the case for agriculture, as large scale irrigation schemes, which are easier to measure, are usually based on surface water. By contrast, groundwater-based irrigation and other agricultural use in Africa is dominantly small-scale and managed by individual farmers or communities, and so is very difficult to measure and record. AQUASTAT uses [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm modelling] to fill in some of these data gaps. It should be recognised that these modelled data may not be accurate.

			The data collated by AQUASTAT are reported by national governments and other agencies around the world. They are rigorously validated to check their source and ensure internal accuracy. The data are updated at different frequencies, for example:

			:- Water resources data are long-term average annual values, which remain the same over the years. A comprehensive review was done in 2014.
			:- Water use data for Africa are updated at intervals of between 1 and 10 years, depending on data availability, which is checked at least every 5 years for each country, and with a thorough update (full dataset) every 10 years together with the country profile update.
			:- Some specific data categories are updated in collaboration with other agencies, as and when data become available, such as: access to improved drinking water source sub-category data are provided by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.

			Some key FAO AQUASTAT groundwater and other water statistics are included in the country pages in this Atlas. These statistics provide a very useful overview of the extent of groundwater resources and use in each country, compared to surface water resources, and allow comparison between countries. However, it should be recognised that they are not comprehensive, and cannot give a complete picture of groundwater use.

			===Explanations of AQUASTAT variables===

	Explanations of some AQUASTAT variables, including all those quoted in the Atlas, are given in the tables below. These are based on the FAO AQUASTAT [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/glossary/search.html?lang=en glossary].		Explanations of some AQUASTAT variables, including all those quoted in the Atlas, are given in the tables below. These are based on the FAO AQUASTAT [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/glossary/search.html?lang=en glossary].

Beod at 16:06, 21 February 2019

2019-02-21T16:06:25Z

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	{\| class = "wikitable"		{\| class = "wikitable"
	\|'''AQUASTAT Variable''' \|\| '''Explanation'''		\|'''AQUASTAT Variable''' \|\| '''Explanation'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|Groundwater produced internally ('''groundwater recharge''') (million cubic metres/year)		\|Groundwater produced internally ('''groundwater recharge''') (million cubic metres/year)
	\|\|
	\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for '''long term annual average groundwater recharge''', derived from precipitation within the country boundary. Estimated by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or calculating river base flow (in humid countries).		\|\|This is AQUASTAT's statistic for '''long term annual average groundwater recharge''', derived from precipitation within the country boundary. Estimated by calculating an annual infiltration rate (in arid countries) or calculating river base flow (in humid countries).
	\|-		\|-