Fife and Angus geology: an excursion guide - Revision history

Scotfot: /* Descriptive itineraries */

2019-02-23T18:30:59Z

Descriptive itineraries

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	A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].		A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].

	Two excursions are particularly suitable as introductory ones. [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|Excursion 9]] introduces common sedimentary rock types plus folding and faulting, while Excursion 10 displays particularly straightforwardly volcanic necks and their stages of development.		Two excursions are particularly suitable as introductory ones. [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|Excursion 9]] introduces common sedimentary rock types plus folding and faulting, while [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|Excursion 10]] displays particularly straightforwardly volcanic necks and their stages of development.

	Which excursions anyone will choose will depend on their interests and time available together with the state of the tide since many excursions are inter-tidal, but the remarks of Sir Archibald Geikie, then Director of the Geological Survey, remain apposite: 'If I were asked to select a region in the British Isles where geology could best be practically taught by constant appeals to evidence in the field, I would with little hesitation recommend the East of Fife as peculiarly adapted for such a purpose. Every teacher of the science appreciates the value of a shore-section where the rocks have been dissected and washed clean and bare by the tides. Round its long stretches of coast-line, the East of Fife presents an almost continuous succession of such sections which for variety, instructiveness, and accessibility have hardly any rivals in the country.' (Geikie, 1902, p iv).		Which excursions anyone will choose will depend on their interests and time available together with the state of the tide since many excursions are inter-tidal, but the remarks of Sir Archibald Geikie, then Director of the Geological Survey, remain apposite: 'If I were asked to select a region in the British Isles where geology could best be practically taught by constant appeals to evidence in the field, I would with little hesitation recommend the East of Fife as peculiarly adapted for such a purpose. Every teacher of the science appreciates the value of a shore-section where the rocks have been dissected and washed clean and bare by the tides. Round its long stretches of coast-line, the East of Fife presents an almost continuous succession of such sections which for variety, instructiveness, and accessibility have hardly any rivals in the country.' (Geikie, 1902, p iv).

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Descriptive itineraries

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	The eighteen excursions in the guide are designed to cover the salient features of the geology of the area extending north from Kinghorn to Stonehaven. They are numbered from north to south and are intended as whole day and half day excursions, the approximate timing being indicated with each itinerary. Each excursion is illustrated by one or more maps on which the localities to be visited are indicated by numbers. There is a brief description in the text for each locality and each itinerary starts with an indication of the walking distance, purpose of the excursion and the route from St Andrews to the area to be examined.		The eighteen excursions in the guide are designed to cover the salient features of the geology of the area extending north from Kinghorn to Stonehaven. They are numbered from north to south and are intended as whole day and half day excursions, the approximate timing being indicated with each itinerary. Each excursion is illustrated by one or more maps on which the localities to be visited are indicated by numbers. There is a brief description in the text for each locality and each itinerary starts with an indication of the walking distance, purpose of the excursion and the route from St Andrews to the area to be examined.

	The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.		The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]], [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]; dykes on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]], [[Ardross–Elie Harbour - an excursion\|14]] and [[Kincraig - an excursion\|15]]; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[Wormit Shore - an excursion\|5]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]], [[Ardross–Elie Harbour - an excursion\|14]], [[Kincraig - an excursion\|15]] and [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]].

	Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].		Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].

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2019-02-23T18:26:09Z

Descriptive itineraries

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	The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.		The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.

	Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and 3 in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]]		Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].
	and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].

	A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].		A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].

Scotfot: /* Descriptive itineraries */

2019-02-23T18:24:10Z

Descriptive itineraries

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	The eighteen excursions in the guide are designed to cover the salient features of the geology of the area extending north from Kinghorn to Stonehaven. They are numbered from north to south and are intended as whole day and half day excursions, the approximate timing being indicated with each itinerary. Each excursion is illustrated by one or more maps on which the localities to be visited are indicated by numbers. There is a brief description in the text for each locality and each itinerary starts with an indication of the walking distance, purpose of the excursion and the route from St Andrews to the area to be examined.		The eighteen excursions in the guide are designed to cover the salient features of the geology of the area extending north from Kinghorn to Stonehaven. They are numbered from north to south and are intended as whole day and half day excursions, the approximate timing being indicated with each itinerary. Each excursion is illustrated by one or more maps on which the localities to be visited are indicated by numbers. There is a brief description in the text for each locality and each itinerary starts with an indication of the walking distance, purpose of the excursion and the route from St Andrews to the area to be examined.

	The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions 2 and 4, and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions 1 and 2. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions 3, 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, 2, 3, 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions 3, 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.		The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.

	Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions 1, 2 and 3 in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions 1, 8 and 17 mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 17 and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions 12 and 18. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions 3 and 6.		Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and 3 in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]]
			and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].

	A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions 3, 7, 16 and 17.		A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].

	Two excursions are particularly suitable as introductory ones. Excursion 9 introduces common sedimentary rock types plus folding and faulting, while Excursion 10 displays particularly straightforwardly volcanic necks and their stages of development.		Two excursions are particularly suitable as introductory ones. [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|Excursion 9]] introduces common sedimentary rock types plus folding and faulting, while Excursion 10 displays particularly straightforwardly volcanic necks and their stages of development.

	Which excursions anyone will choose will depend on their interests and time available together with the state of the tide since many excursions are inter-tidal, but the remarks of Sir Archibald Geikie, then Director of the Geological Survey, remain apposite: 'If I were asked to select a region in the British Isles where geology could best be practically taught by constant appeals to evidence in the field, I would with little hesitation recommend the East of Fife as peculiarly adapted for such a purpose. Every teacher of the science appreciates the value of a shore-section where the rocks have been dissected and washed clean and bare by the tides. Round its long stretches of coast-line, the East of Fife presents an almost continuous succession of such sections which for variety, instructiveness, and accessibility have hardly any rivals in the country.' (Geikie, 1902, p iv).		Which excursions anyone will choose will depend on their interests and time available together with the state of the tide since many excursions are inter-tidal, but the remarks of Sir Archibald Geikie, then Director of the Geological Survey, remain apposite: 'If I were asked to select a region in the British Isles where geology could best be practically taught by constant appeals to evidence in the field, I would with little hesitation recommend the East of Fife as peculiarly adapted for such a purpose. Every teacher of the science appreciates the value of a shore-section where the rocks have been dissected and washed clean and bare by the tides. Round its long stretches of coast-line, the East of Fife presents an almost continuous succession of such sections which for variety, instructiveness, and accessibility have hardly any rivals in the country.' (Geikie, 1902, p iv).

Scotfot at 18:14, 23 February 2019

2019-02-23T18:14:46Z

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	~~'''Under construction'''~~
	{{FifeandAngus}}		{{FifeandAngus}}
	[[File:FANG_FROCOV.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|Fife and Angus geology - an excursion. Front cover.]]		[[File:FANG_FROCOV.jpg\|300px\|thumbnail\|Fife and Angus geology - an excursion. Front cover.]]

Scotfot: /* Chapter 4 Carboniferous */

2019-02-23T16:52:11Z

Chapter 4 Carboniferous

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	== [[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 4 Carboniferous]] ==		== [[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 4 Carboniferous]] ==

	[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Inverclyde Group]]		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Inverclyde Group\|Inverclyde Group]]

	Strathclyde Group		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Strathclyde Group\|Strathclyde Group]]

	Lower Limestone Formation		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Lower Limestone Formation\|Lower Limestone Formation]]

	Limestone Coal Formation		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Limestone Coal Formation\|Limestone Coal Formation]]

	Upper Limestone Formation		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Upper Limestone Formation\|Upper Limestone Formation]]

	Passage Formation		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Passage Formation\|Passage Formation]]

	Coal Measures		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Coal Measures\|Coal Measures]]

	Carboniferous earth movements		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Carboniferous earth movements\|Carboniferous earth movements]]

	Carboniferous intrusive igneous rocks		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Carboniferous intrusive igneous rocks\|Carboniferous intrusive igneous rocks]]

	Intrusion mechanism of the Carboniferous		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Intrusion mechanism of the Carboniferous\|Intrusion mechanism of the Carboniferous]]

	Permian vents		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Permian vents\|Permian vents]]

	== [[Quaternary - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 5 Quaternary]] ==		== [[Quaternary - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 5 Quaternary]] ==

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2019-02-23T16:49:42Z

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	== [[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 4 Carboniferous]] ==		== [[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 4 Carboniferous]] ==

	Inverclyde Group		[[Carboniferous - Fife and Angus#Inverclyde Group]]

	Strathclyde Group		Strathclyde Group

Scotfot: /* Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) */

2019-02-22T21:24:21Z

Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)

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	== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==		== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==
	== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==		== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==

	:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]		:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]

Scotfot: /* Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) */

2019-02-22T21:23:45Z

Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 22 February 2019
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	== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==		== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==
	== [[~~Fife and Angus geology:Chapter 3~~ Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==		== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==

	:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]		:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]

Scotfot: /* Scope of the guide and further references */

2019-02-22T20:48:52Z

Scope of the guide and further references

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	The British Regional Geology Handbooks ''The Midland Valley'' by I. B. Cameron and D. Stephenson (1985) and ''The Grampian Highlands'' by G. S. Johnstone (1966), both published by HMSO, contain abundant references and are revised from time to time. For a treatment of the whole country the ''Geology of Scotland'' edited by G. Y. Craig (1991) is comprehensive and has long lists of references. Readers not familiar with geological terminology are referred to the Penguin or other geological dictionaries. The names of fossils have been kept to an elementary level deliberately in the belief that names such as Productus are more meaningful to the non-specialist. Full faunal lists for most of the fossil localities in Fife are to be found in the publications of the Geological Survey, e.g. ''Geology of East Fife'' (Forsyth and Chisholm 1977).		The British Regional Geology Handbooks ''The Midland Valley'' by I. B. Cameron and D. Stephenson (1985) and ''The Grampian Highlands'' by G. S. Johnstone (1966), both published by HMSO, contain abundant references and are revised from time to time. For a treatment of the whole country the ''Geology of Scotland'' edited by G. Y. Craig (1991) is comprehensive and has long lists of references. Readers not familiar with geological terminology are referred to the Penguin or other geological dictionaries. The names of fossils have been kept to an elementary level deliberately in the belief that names such as Productus are more meaningful to the non-specialist. Full faunal lists for most of the fossil localities in Fife are to be found in the publications of the Geological Survey, e.g. ''Geology of East Fife'' (Forsyth and Chisholm 1977).

	Map 1 indicates the location of the 18 excursions. Coastal excursions almost all require mid- to low tide and for Excursion 15 (Kincraig) low tide is essential for access.		[[Media:FANG_MAP_01.jpg\|(Map 1)]] indicates the location of the 18 excursions. Coastal excursions almost all require mid- to low tide and for Excursion 15 (Kincraig) low tide is essential for access.

	== Tides ==		== Tides ==

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	The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.		The section on the geology of the area indicates which excursions serve to illustrate the different aspects of the geology. Metamorphic rocks can be seen on Excursions [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Comrie Igneous Complex - an excursion\|4]], and the Highland Boundary Fault together with the Highland Border Complex on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]] and [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]]. Among igneous rocks, plutonic rocks can be seen on Excursion 4, sills on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 8, 16, 17 and 18; dykes on Excursions 1, [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]], [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 10, 13, 14 and 15; while lavas are well exposed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], 5, 7 and 18. Volcanic necks are abundant in Fife and are magnificently exposed on the coast; they can be examined to advantage on Excursions 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16.

	Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and 3 in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]]		Sedimentary rocks can be seen on almost all the excursions, those of the Lower Old Red Sandstone on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Edzell and Glen Esk - an excursion\|2]] and [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] in particular. The Upper Old Red Sandstone can be seen on Excursions [[Arbroath, Crawton and Stonehaven - an excursion\|1]], [[Drumcarrow and Dura Den - an excursion\|8]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] mainly; the lowest Carboniferous on Excursions [[Kinkell Braes, St Andrews - an excursion\|9]], [[Rock and Spindle, St Andrews - an excursion\|10]], [[Kingsbarns–Randerston - an excursion\|11]], [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]], [[St Monans–Ardross - an excursion\|13]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].
	and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]] and the Carboniferous Lower Limestone Formation on Excursions [[Pittenweem–St Monans - an excursion\|12]] and [[Kinghorn–Kirkcaldy - an excursion\|18]]. Quaternary sediments are well displayed on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]] and [[St Fort–Leuchars - an excursion\|6]].

	A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].		A number of itineraries lead over high ground and these provide good views of the regional geology extending over the north-east part of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Such views are found on Excursions [[Dundee to Perth - an excursion\|3]], [[North Fife Hills - an excursion\|7]], [[East Lomond - an excursion\|16]] and [[Bishop Hill - an excursion\|17]].

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	== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==		== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==
	== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==		== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==

	:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]		:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:23, 22 February 2019
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	== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==		== [[The Highland Border Complex - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 2 The Highland Border Complex]] ==
	== [[~~Fife and Angus geology:Chapter 3~~ Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==		== [[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone - Fife and Angus\|Chapter 3 Devonian (Old Red Sandstone)]] ==

	:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]		:[[Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) - Fife and Angus#Lower Old Red Sandstone\|Lower Old Red Sandstone]]