Groundwater monitoring - Revision history

Beod: /* Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T10:08:03Z

Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 23 January 2023
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	The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.		The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.

	====Overview of groundwater monitoring in Africa====		===Overview of groundwater monitoring in Africa===

	[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.		[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

Beod: /* Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T10:07:36Z

Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:07, 23 January 2023
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	[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published a [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater '''global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes'''] that includes many countries in Africa. IGRAC also produced an extract from this report that only includes [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf '''National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa''']		[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published a [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater '''global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes'''] that includes many countries in Africa. IGRAC also produced an extract from this report that only includes [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf '''National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa''']

	Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf ~~short report] discusses~~ improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa (~~[https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf~~ Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).		Another IGRAC report discusses [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf '''improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa'''] (Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020).

	===Groundwater quality monitoring===		===Groundwater quality monitoring===

Beod: /* Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T10:06:35Z

Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 23 January 2023
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	The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.		The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.

	====~~Continental overviews~~ of groundwater monitoring===		====Overview of groundwater monitoring in Africa====

	[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.		[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

Beod: /* Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T10:06:11Z

Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 23 January 2023
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	The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.		The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.

			====Continental overviews of groundwater monitoring===

			[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

	===Overview of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes===		===Overview of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes===
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	===Groundwater quality monitoring===		===Groundwater quality monitoring===

	[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

	A new World Bank report in 2022 provides a [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37196 '''Practical Manual on Groundwater Quality Monitoring'''] (Ravenscroft and Lytton 2022).		A new World Bank report in 2022 provides a [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37196 '''Practical Manual on Groundwater Quality Monitoring'''] (Ravenscroft and Lytton 2022).

Beod: /* Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T10:03:55Z

Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 23 January 2023
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	Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites, which may be springs, boreholes or wells. Not all monitoring sites are appropriate for monitoring all groundwater parameters. The most effective groundwater monitoring data is collected from carefully selected monitoring sites, which may need to be specifically designed and constructed for the purpose - e.g. a newly drilled dedicated groundwater level monitoring borehole sited away from any other groundwater abstraction, so that it is not impacted by pumping.		Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites, which may be springs, boreholes or wells. Not all monitoring sites are appropriate for monitoring all groundwater parameters. The most effective groundwater monitoring data is collected from carefully selected monitoring sites, which may need to be specifically designed and constructed for the purpose - e.g. a newly drilled dedicated groundwater level monitoring borehole sited away from any other groundwater abstraction, so that it is not impacted by pumping.

	==~~Some~~ resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa==		==Useful resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa==

	===IGRAC Global Groundwater Monitoring Network===		===IGRAC Global Groundwater Monitoring Network===
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	[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published a [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater '''global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes'''] that includes many countries in Africa. IGRAC also produced an extract from this report that only includes [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf '''National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa''']		[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published a [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater '''global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes'''] that includes many countries in Africa. IGRAC also produced an extract from this report that only includes [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf '''National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa''']


	Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).		Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).
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	[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.		[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

			A new World Bank report in 2022 provides a [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37196 '''Practical Manual on Groundwater Quality Monitoring'''] (Ravenscroft and Lytton 2022).

	===Groundwater monitoring in the SADC Region===		===Groundwater monitoring in the SADC Region===
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	===References===		===References===

	IGRAC. ~~2020~~. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/National%20groundwater%20monitoring%20programmes%20-%20A%20global%20overview%20of%20quantitative%20groundwater%20monitoring%20networks-2021%20update_0.pdf Groundwater monitoring programmes: A global overview of quantitative groundwater monitoring networks].		IGRAC. 2020a. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/National%20groundwater%20monitoring%20programmes%20-%20A%20global%20overview%20of%20quantitative%20groundwater%20monitoring%20networks-2021%20update_0.pdf Groundwater monitoring programmes: A global overview of quantitative groundwater monitoring networks].

			IGRAC. 2020b. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa]. Extract from full report: IGRAC 2020b.

	Kukuric N & van Vliet MTH. 2020. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Improving the Groundwater Monitoring Network in Africa: contribution to an integrated approach for assessing the impact of climate change and socio-economic developments on groundwater resources in Africa].		Kukuric N & van Vliet MTH. 2020. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Improving the Groundwater Monitoring Network in Africa: contribution to an integrated approach for assessing the impact of climate change and socio-economic developments on groundwater resources in Africa].

			Ravenscroft, Peter and Lytton, Lucy. 2022. [https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/37196 Practical Manual on Groundwater Quality Monitoring]. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.

	Return to [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management ]]		Return to [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Groundwater Management \| Groundwater management ]]




	[[Category:Additional resources]]		[[Category:Additional resources]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Beod: /* Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2023-01-23T09:59:49Z

Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:59, 23 January 2023
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	===Overview of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes===		===Overview of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes===

	[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published ~~an extensive~~ [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes] that includes many countries in Africa.		[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published a [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater '''global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes'''] that includes many countries in Africa. IGRAC also produced an extract from this report that only includes [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Africa.pdf '''National Groundwater Monitoring Programmes in Africa''']


	Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).		Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).

Beod at 12:54, 18 October 2022

2022-10-18T12:54:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 18 October 2022
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	Please cite page as: Africa Groundwater Atlas. 2021. Groundwater monitoring. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ''Weblink''.		Please cite page as: Africa Groundwater Atlas. 2021. Groundwater monitoring. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ''Weblink''.



			See also the [[Groundwater Data \| '''Groundwater data''']] page.



	==What is groundwater monitoring?==		==What is groundwater monitoring?==

Beod: /* Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa */

2022-10-18T12:52:47Z

Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:52, 18 October 2022
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	The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.		The [https://www.un-igrac.org/special-project/ggmn-global-groundwater-monitoring-network Global Groundwater Monitoring Network] (GGMN): a participative, web-based network of networks, set up to improve quality and accessibility of groundwater monitoring data, which is lacking at the regional and global scales. GGMN is a UNESCO programme, implemented by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] and supported by many global and regional partners. The GGMN Portal allows groundwater monitoring data to be viewed in IGRAC's online Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS). A mobile app lets users enter new groundwater monitoring data to the GGMN.

	===~~An overview~~ of national groundwater monitoring programmes===		===Overview of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes===

	~~This~~ [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/~~sites~~/~~default/files/resources/files/National%20groundwater%20monitoring%20programmes%20~~-~~%20A%20global%20overview%20of%20quantitative%20groundwater%20monitoring%20networks~~-~~2021%20update_0.pdf report] gives a~~ global overview of national groundwater monitoring programmes~~, including~~ in ~~countries across~~ Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/National%20groundwater%20monitoring%20programmes%20-%20A%20global%20overview%20of%20quantitative%20groundwater%20monitoring%20networks-2021%20update_0.pdf IGRAC, 2020]).		[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] (2020) published an extensive [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/national-groundwater-monitoring-programmes-global-overview-quantitative-groundwater global review of national quantitative groundwater monitoring programmes] that includes many countries in Africa.

	Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).		Another IGRAC [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf short report] discusses improving groundwater monitoring networks in Africa ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Kukuric%20and%20van%20Vliet%2C%202008.pdf Kukuric & van Vliet, 2020]).

	===Groundwater ~~Monitoring~~ in the SADC Region===		===Groundwater quality monitoring===

			[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265687126_Monitoring_groundwater_use_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Issues_and_Challenges Adelana (2009)] discusses some of the issues with monitoring groundwater resources in Africa.

			===Groundwater monitoring in the SADC Region===

	[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] produced an overview report on [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Report_Groundwater%20Monitoring%20in%20SADC%20region.pdf Groundwater Monitoring in the SADC Region] for the Stockholm World Water Week in 2013.		[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] produced an overview report on [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Report_Groundwater%20Monitoring%20in%20SADC%20region.pdf Groundwater Monitoring in the SADC Region] for the Stockholm World Water Week in 2013.

Beod at 12:55, 3 October 2022

2022-10-03T12:55:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 3 October 2022
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	Monitoring the state of groundwater resources is a key part of overall groundwater management. Monitoring data is essential to assess both the '''quantity''' and '''quality''' of groundwater.		Monitoring the state of groundwater resources is a key part of overall groundwater management. Monitoring data is essential to assess both the '''quantity''' and '''quality''' of groundwater.

	Monitoring groundwater quantity usually means regular measurement of '''groundwater levels''' (the water table, usually in boreholes). Groundwater levels rise in response to recharge (and therefore in response to rainfall) and fall during dry periods or because of groundwater abstraction. The timing and amount of ~~rise and fall of~~ groundwater levels lets us assess how much groundwater is available in aquifers. Groundwater quantity monitoring can also include measuring and recording groundwater abstraction rates from boreholes and wells, and spring discharge rates.		Monitoring groundwater quantity usually means regular measurement of '''groundwater levels''' - also called the water table. Groundwater levels are usually measured in boreholes. Groundwater levels rise in response to recharge (and therefore in response to rainfall), and can fall during dry periods or because of groundwater abstraction. The timing and amount of fluctuation in groundwater levels lets us assess how much groundwater is available in aquifers. Groundwater quantity monitoring can also include measuring and recording groundwater abstraction rates from boreholes and wells, and spring discharge rates.

	Monitoring groundwater quality means regular measurement of selected aspects of [[Groundwater quality in Africa \| '''groundwater quality''']]. This can range from simple (e.g. measuring selected chemical parameters in groundwater in the field using field meters or field test kits) to complex (collecting multiple groundwater samples for laboratory analysis of many different parameters).		Monitoring groundwater quality means regular measurement of selected aspects of [[Groundwater quality in Africa \| '''groundwater quality''']]. This can range from simple (e.g. measuring selected chemical parameters in groundwater in the field using field meters or field test kits) to complex (collecting multiple groundwater samples for laboratory analysis of many different parameters).

	Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites - springs, boreholes or wells.		Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites, which may be springs, boreholes or wells. Not all monitoring sites are appropriate for monitoring all groundwater parameters. The most effective groundwater monitoring data is collected from carefully selected monitoring sites, which may need to be specifically designed and constructed for the purpose - e.g. a newly drilled dedicated groundwater level monitoring borehole sited away from any other groundwater abstraction, so that it is not impacted by pumping.

	==Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa==		==Some resources on groundwater monitoring in Africa==

Beod: /* What is groundwater monitoring? */

2022-10-03T12:51:08Z

What is groundwater monitoring?

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:51, 3 October 2022
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	Monitoring the state of groundwater resources is a key part of overall groundwater management. Monitoring data is essential to assess both the '''quantity''' and '''quality''' of groundwater.		Monitoring the state of groundwater resources is a key part of overall groundwater management. Monitoring data is essential to assess both the '''quantity''' and '''quality''' of groundwater.

	Monitoring groundwater quantity usually means regular measurement of groundwater levels (the water table, usually in boreholes). Groundwater levels rise in response to recharge (and therefore in response to rainfall) and fall during dry periods or because of groundwater abstraction. The timing and amount of rise and fall of groundwater levels lets us assess how much groundwater is available in aquifers. Groundwater quantity monitoring can also include measuring and recording groundwater abstraction rates from boreholes and wells, and spring discharge rates.		Monitoring groundwater quantity usually means regular measurement of '''groundwater levels''' (the water table, usually in boreholes). Groundwater levels rise in response to recharge (and therefore in response to rainfall) and fall during dry periods or because of groundwater abstraction. The timing and amount of rise and fall of groundwater levels lets us assess how much groundwater is available in aquifers. Groundwater quantity monitoring can also include measuring and recording groundwater abstraction rates from boreholes and wells, and spring discharge rates.

	Monitoring groundwater quality means regular measurement of selected aspects of [[Groundwater quality in Africa \| ''groundwater quality'']]. This can range from simple (e.g. measuring selected chemical parameters in groundwater in the field using field meters or field test kits) to complex (collecting multiple groundwater samples for laboratory analysis of many different parameters).		Monitoring groundwater quality means regular measurement of selected aspects of [[Groundwater quality in Africa \| '''groundwater quality''']]. This can range from simple (e.g. measuring selected chemical parameters in groundwater in the field using field meters or field test kits) to complex (collecting multiple groundwater samples for laboratory analysis of many different parameters).

	Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites - springs, boreholes or wells.		Groundwater monitoring can be done by measuring groundwater anywhere it is accessible, but it is usually done - and is most effective - using a dedicated network of monitoring sites - springs, boreholes or wells.