Hydrogeology Map - Revision history

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	~~[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> Hydrogeology Maps of Africa~~


	~~This page is in development. Please check back soon for updates.~~


	~~==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Continental Scale==~~

	There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.

	~~===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ British Geological Survey]: Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===~~

	A series of quantitative groundwater maps for Africa was developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps for Africa'''] project (MacDonald et al., 2010, 2012).

	This project produced three new digital '''groundwater maps for Africa''', based on a [[Geology \| '''geology''' map]] of Africa at 1:5 million scale (Persits et al., 2002, Furon and Lombard 1964). The three groundwater maps are:

	~~; Groundwater (aquifer) productivity~~
	~~; Groundwater storage~~
	~~; Depth to groundwater~~

	These three maps can be freely downloaded in digital form as a 5 km resolution grid (xyz tab-delimited text file), which can be used in GIS. They are also available as high resolution PDF files. [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/mapsDownload.html '''Download the Africa groundwater maps here'''].

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	~~[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| 900px\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]~~
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	\|}


	~~More information on these maps can be found in these references:~~

	MacDonald, A M, Bonsor, H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G. 2012. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2), 024009. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009

	MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.

	~~===[http://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP]===~~

	~~====WHYMAP global hydrogeological maps====~~

	The World-wide Hydrogeological Mapping and Assessment Programme (WHYMAP) was launched in 2000 to provide summary information about global groundwater resources. Several global and continental scale maps related to groundwater resources, groundwater basins, large aquifer systems, and transboundary aquifers have been produced. These maps are available to freely download (as pdf or image files) from the [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Map_Applications/map_applications_node_en.html '''WHYMAP''' website]. They can also be viewed online in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/ggis/groundwater-resources-africa Groundwater Resources in Africa] portal.

	~~====WHYMAP Africa hydrogeological map====~~

	WHYMAP have also produced a [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Aktuelles/2018-11_whymap_aww_en.html hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:12,500,000, which provides a planning tool for groundwater resources. This map is available to freely download (as pdf or image files) as a poster that also shows hydrogeological sections of regional aquifers.

	~~===[http://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM]: hydrogeological map of Africa===~~

	In 2008, BRGM published a [http://www.brgm.eu/projects/hydrogeological-map-of-africa hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:10 Million, the first of its kind at this scale. It was developed by combining two categories of data: groundwater reservoir (or aquifer) type; and the proportion of precipitation available to recharge to aquifers. BRGM used extensive data to develop the map, which distinguishes eleven major hydrographic units. The map is produced as a hard copy available through [http://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM].

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	~~\|[[File:BRGM_HGMap-Screenshot.png\|thumb\| 400 px\| center \| The BRGM [http://www.brgm.eu/project/hydrogeological-map-of-africa hydrogeological map of Africa]]]~~
	\|}

	~~===[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC]: Transboundary Aquifers of Africa===~~

	In 2016 [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] produced a map of [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-africa-map-2016 Transboundary Aquifers of Africa], based on its 2015 [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-world-map-2015 Transboundary Aquifers of the World] map. This map is available to view online in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/ggis/groundwater-resources-africa Groundwater Resources in Africa] portal.

	~~===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===~~

	~~This map, at 1:5 million scale, is not available in any digital form. It is described in the report by Gilbrich and Struckmeier (2014).~~

	Gilbrich, W H, and Struckmeier, W F. 2014. [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002310/231066e.pdf 50 Years of Hydro(geo)logical Mapping Activities]. German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP).

	~~==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Regional Scale==~~

	~~===SADC Hydrogeological Map===~~

	A hydrogeological map of the SADC region, with an accompanying atlas, were developed in 2010 under the SADC Regional Groundwater Management Programme to provide an overview of the groundwater resources in the SADC region. The map is available to view in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://apps.geodan.nl/igrac/ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default SADC Groundwater Information Portal]. This portal also gives access to borehole data and other associated groundwater data for the region.

	~~==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Country Scale==~~

	Many countries in Africa, but not all, have national scale hydrogeological maps, but these are often relatively old and have not been updated with new information collected in recent years. For most countries, national hydrogeological maps are available only as hard copy/in paper form.

	Many countries have national groundwater / hydrogeological mapping programmes, which are developing new or revised hydrogeological maps at higher resolution for selected areas within the country, with an ultimate aim to produce a complete national coverage - for example, [https://reseau-tchad.org/ Chad], [https://www.mwe.go.ug/library/atlases-maps Uganda] and [http://www.gse.gov.et/index.php/2016/09/03/ground-water-assessment/ Ethiopia]. This may also include the development of new national-scale hydrogeological maps. At present, few countries have digitally available hydrogeological maps

	~~As part of this Atlas, we have developed new country-scale hydrogeology maps for each country in Africa that will be available to freely download as digital, GIS-enabled files.~~

	~~===Africa Groundwater Atlas Country Hydrogeology maps===~~

	This Atlas presents new hydrogeology maps for each of 48 countries in Africa, at 1:5 million scale. These maps have been developed from the Africa-wide [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html quantitative groundwater maps] developed by BGS in 2010. The new maps combine key hydrogeological information to show:

	*'''aquifer type''' (based on the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type); and
	*'''aquifer productivity''' (relative aquifer productivity, or groundwater potential).

	~~The country maps also summarise national geology at the same scale.~~

	~~More information about the country maps is on the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| '''Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology maps''']] page.~~

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	~~[[File: Hydrogeology.png \| 500px\|center\| thumb\| Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology map of Africa, 1:5 million scale]]~~
	~~[[File: Hydrogeology_Key.png \| center\| thumb\| Legend for Africa Groundwater Atlas hydrogeology map of Africa\| 500x195px]]~~
	\|
	\|}

	~~===WHYMIS - Hydrogeological maps at country scale===~~

	[http://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP] provides digital scans of '''national hydrogeological maps''' across Africa through its [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMIS] application. These national maps are also indexed in the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].



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	\|[[File:WHYMAPScreenshot.jpg\|thumb\| 400 px\| center\| The BGR [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMAP] viewer showing an example of a scanned national hydrogeological map available through WHYMIS]]
	\|}

	~~[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> Africa Hydrogeology Maps~~

	~~[[Category:Additional resources]]~~
	~~[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]~~

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British Geological Survey: Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa

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	[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| ~~700px~~\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]		[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| 900px\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]
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	More information on these maps can be found in these references:		More information on these maps can be found in these references:

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	[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| ~~500px~~\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]		[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| 700px\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]
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	MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.		MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.


	===[http://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP]===		===[http://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Home/whymap_node.html WHYMAP]===

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	There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.		There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.

	===British Geological Survey - Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===		===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ British Geological Survey]: Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===

	A series of quantitative groundwater maps for Africa was developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps for Africa'''] project (MacDonald et al., 2010, 2012).		A series of quantitative groundwater maps for Africa was developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps for Africa'''] project (MacDonald et al., 2010, 2012).
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	WHYMAP have also produced a [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Aktuelles/2018-11_whymap_aww_en.html hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:12,500,000, which provides a planning tool for groundwater resources. This map is available to freely download (as pdf or image files) as a poster that also shows hydrogeological sections of regional aquifers.		WHYMAP have also produced a [https://www.whymap.org/whymap/EN/Aktuelles/2018-11_whymap_aww_en.html hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:12,500,000, which provides a planning tool for groundwater resources. This map is available to freely download (as pdf or image files) as a poster that also shows hydrogeological sections of regional aquifers.

	===[http://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM]===		===[http://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM]: hydrogeological map of Africa===

	In 2008, BRGM published a [http://www.brgm.eu/projects/hydrogeological-map-of-africa ~~'''~~hydrogeological map of Africa~~'''~~] at a scale of 1:10 Million, the first of its kind at this scale~~. The map is produced as a hard copy and in GIS form~~. It was developed by combining two categories of data: groundwater reservoir (or aquifer) type; and the proportion of precipitation available to recharge to aquifers. BRGM used extensive data to develop the map, which distinguishes eleven major hydrographic units.		In 2008, BRGM published a [http://www.brgm.eu/projects/hydrogeological-map-of-africa hydrogeological map of Africa] at a scale of 1:10 Million, the first of its kind at this scale. It was developed by combining two categories of data: groundwater reservoir (or aquifer) type; and the proportion of precipitation available to recharge to aquifers. BRGM used extensive data to develop the map, which distinguishes eleven major hydrographic units. The map is produced as a hard copy available through [http://www.brgm.eu/ BRGM].

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	===[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] Transboundary Aquifers of Africa===		===[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC]: Transboundary Aquifers of Africa===

	[https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC]		In 2016 [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] produced a map of [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-africa-map-2016 Transboundary Aquifers of Africa], based on its 2015 [https://www.un-igrac.org/resource/transboundary-aquifers-world-map-2015 Transboundary Aquifers of the World] map. This map is available to view online in the [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC] [https://www.un-igrac.org/ggis/groundwater-resources-africa Groundwater Resources in Africa] portal.

	===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===		===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===

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	This page is in development. Please check back soon for updates.		This page is in development. Please check back soon for updates.

	==~~Continental, Regional and Country~~ Hydrogeological Maps==
			==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Continental Scale==

	There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.		There are a number of different international maps showing aspects of the hydrogeology and groundwater resources of the whole continent of Africa. These are at scales of between 1: 5 million and 1: 12.5 million. Some of these maps are only available as hard copy/on paper; others are available to view digitally online and/or to download as image files that can be printed; and a few are available in digital format that can be used in GIS.

	~~A regional hydrogeological map of the SADC region was developed in 2010.~~



	~~==Africa Hydrogeological Maps at Continental Scale==~~

	===British Geological Survey - Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===		===British Geological Survey - Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa===
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			More information on these maps can be found in these references:
	More information on these ~~Africa-wide~~ maps can be found ~~here~~:

	MacDonald, A M, Bonsor, H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G. 2012. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2), 024009. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009		MacDonald, A M, Bonsor, H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G. 2012. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2), 024009. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009
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	===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===		===[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA500854 International Hydrogeological Map of Africa]===

	This map, at 1:5 ~~Million~~ scale, is not available in any digital form. It is described in the report by Gilbrich and Struckmeier (2014).		This map, at 1:5 million scale, is not available in any digital form. It is described in the report by Gilbrich and Struckmeier (2014).

	Gilbrich, W H, and Struckmeier, W F. 2014. [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002310/231066e.pdf 50 Years of Hydro(geo)logical Mapping Activities]. German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP).		Gilbrich, W H, and Struckmeier, W F. 2014. [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002310/231066e.pdf 50 Years of Hydro(geo)logical Mapping Activities]. German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) and UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP).
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	===Africa Groundwater Atlas Country Hydrogeology maps===		===Africa Groundwater Atlas Country Hydrogeology maps===

	~~The country~~ hydrogeology maps in ~~this Atlas are a further development of the quantitative groundwater maps for~~ Africa ~~described above. Each map is~~ at 1:5 million scale~~, and combines~~ key hydrogeological information to show:		This Atlas presents new hydrogeology maps for each of 48 countries in Africa, at 1:5 million scale. These maps have been developed from the Africa-wide [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html quantitative groundwater maps] developed by BGS in 2010. The new maps combine key hydrogeological information to show:

	*'''aquifer type''' (based on the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type); and		*'''aquifer type''' (based on the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type); and
	*'''aquifer productivity''' (relative aquifer productivity, or groundwater potential).		*'''aquifer productivity''' (relative aquifer productivity, or groundwater potential).

	~~For some countries, the~~ maps ~~have been developed in collaboration with Atlas co-authors to ensure that the maps represent~~ the ~~national~~ scale ~~hydrogeology of the country as well as possible~~.		The country maps also summarise national geology at the same scale.

	More information about ~~these~~ country maps~~, and how they were developed,~~ is on the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| '''Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology maps''']] page.		More information about the country maps is on the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| '''Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology maps''']] page.

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	~~====Benefits of the Atlas country hydrogeology maps====~~

	~~These maps provide an essential national overview of the groundwater resources of each country. For some countries in Africa, the Atlas hydrogeology map is the only available digital hydrogeology map.~~

	~~====Limitations of the Atlas country hydrogeology maps====~~

	The large scale of the original map (1:5 million scale) means that the maps provide a country-scale overview - they do not show local scale detail. These maps are not based on field mapping and they have not been ground truthed. They may be different from other available hydrogeology maps.

	Like all maps, these country hydrogeology maps are a two-dimensional representation of the complex three-dimensional hydrogeological reality. In most cases, these maps show the uppermost aquifer only. If there are other aquifers at depth, these are not shown. In some cases, where a major aquifer is overlain by relatively low permeability unconsolidated sediments (that don't form an important aquifer), the overlying unconsolidated sediments are not shown on the map.

	===WHYMIS - Hydrogeological maps at country scale===		===WHYMIS - Hydrogeological maps at country scale===

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	For some countries, the maps have been developed in collaboration with Atlas co-authors to ensure that the maps represent the national scale hydrogeology of the country as well as possible.		For some countries, the maps have been developed in collaboration with Atlas co-authors to ensure that the maps represent the national scale hydrogeology of the country as well as possible.

	~~You can read more detail~~ about ~~the information shown by~~ these maps, and how they were developed, on the [[~~Developing An~~ Africa Hydrogeology ~~Map~~ \| '''~~Developing the~~ Africa Groundwater Atlas ~~Hydrogeology Map~~''']] page.		More information about these country maps, and how they were developed, is on the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| '''Africa Groundwater Atlas country hydrogeology maps''']] page.

	{\|		{\|

Beod at 09:52, 8 January 2019

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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> ~~Africa~~ Hydrogeology Maps		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> Hydrogeology Maps of Africa


	This page is in development. Please check back soon for updates.		This page is in development. Please check back soon for updates.

			==Quantitative Groundwater Maps of Africa==

	~~==The hydrogeology~~ maps in the Africa ~~Groundwater Atlas==~~		A series of quantitative groundwater maps for Africa was developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/maps.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps for Africa'''] project (MacDonald et al., 2010, 2012).

	~~The hydrogeology maps for each country in this Atlas, at 1:5 million scale, have been developed from a series of quantitative~~ groundwater maps for Africa ~~that were developed by the British Geological Survey (described below). Key hydrogeological information was combined to produce a single map that shows both~~ '''~~aquifer type''' (~~based on ~~the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type) and~~ '''~~aquifer productivity~~''' (~~relative aquifer productivity~~, ~~or groundwater potential~~). ~~For some countries, the~~ maps ~~have been modified in collaboration with the Atlas co-authors of the relevant country pages, to ensure that they represent the hydrogeology at a national scale as well as possible.~~		This project produced three new digital '''groundwater maps for Africa''', based on a [[Geology \| '''geology''' map]] of Africa at 1:5 million scale (Persits et al., 2002, Furon and Lombard 1964). The three groundwater maps are:

	~~Like all maps, these hydrogeology maps of Africa are a two-dimensional representation of the complex three-dimensional geological reality. The large scale of the original map line work~~ (~~1:5 million scale~~) means that the maps provide a country-scale overview and do not show small or local scale detail. In most cases, the maps show the uppermost aquifer only - if there are other aquifers at depth, these are not shown. In some cases, where a major aquifer is overlain by unconsolidated sediments that don't form a major aquifer, the overlying sediments are not shown on the hydrogeology maps.		; Groundwater (aquifer) productivity
			; Groundwater storage
			; Depth to groundwater

	~~You~~ can ~~read more detail about the information shown by these maps~~, ~~and how they were developed, on the~~ [~~[Developing An Africa Hydrogeology Map \|~~ '''~~Developing~~ the Africa ~~Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Map~~''']~~] page~~.		These three maps can be freely downloaded in digital form as a 5 km resolution grid (xyz tab-delimited text file), which can be used in GIS. They are also available as high resolution PDF files. [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/mapsDownload.html '''Download the Africa groundwater maps here'''].

	{\|		{\|
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	[[File: ~~Hydrogeology~~.~~png \| 500px~~\|center\| ~~thumb~~\| ~~Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology map~~ of ~~Africa~~, ~~1:5 million scale]]~~		[[File:BGSAfricaGWMaps.jpg \| center\| 500px\| Maps of Aquifer Productivity, Groundwater Storage and Depth to Groundwater]]
	~~[[File: Hydrogeology_Key.png \| center\| thumb\| Legend for Africa~~ Groundwater ~~Atlas hydrogeology map of Africa\| 500x195px~~]]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

	~~==Quantitative groundwater maps for Africa==~~

	~~The hydrogeology maps in this Atlas are based~~ on Africa-wide maps ~~that were originally developed by the British Geological Survey as part of the~~ [http://~~www~~.~~bgs~~.ac.uk/~~research~~/groundwater/~~international~~/~~africanGroundwater~~/maps~~.html '''Quantitative Groundwater Maps~~ for Africa~~'''~~] ~~project (MacDonald et al~~., ~~2010, 2012)~~.		More information on these Africa-wide maps can be found here:

			MacDonald, A M, Bonsor, H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G. 2012. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters, 7 (2), 024009. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009

			MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.


			==The hydrogeology maps in the Africa Groundwater Atlas==

	~~This project produced three new '''~~groundwater maps for Africa~~''', based on a [[Geology \| '''geology'''~~ map~~]] of Africa~~ at 1:5 million scale ~~(Persits et al., 2002~~, ~~Furon~~ and ~~Lombard 1964). The three groundwater maps are~~:		The country hydrogeology maps in this Atlas are a further development of the quantitative groundwater maps for Africa described above. Each map is at 1:5 million scale, and combines key hydrogeological information to show:

	; ~~Groundwater~~ (aquifer) ~~productivity~~		*'''aquifer type''' (based on the geological environment and groundwater flow/storage type); and
	~~; Groundwater storage~~		*'''aquifer productivity''' (relative aquifer productivity, or groundwater potential).
	~~; Depth~~ to ~~groundwater~~
			For some countries, the maps have been developed in collaboration with Atlas co-authors to ensure that the maps represent the national scale hydrogeology of the country as well as possible.

	~~These three~~ maps ~~can be freely downloaded in digital form as a 5 km resolution grid (xyz tab-delimited text file)~~, ~~which can be used in GIS. They are also available as high resolution PDF files.~~ [~~http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/mapsDownload.html~~ '''~~Download~~ the Africa ~~groundwater maps here~~'''].		You can read more detail about the information shown by these maps, and how they were developed, on the [[Developing An Africa Hydrogeology Map \| '''Developing the Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Map''']] page.

	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	[[File:~~BGSAfricaGWMaps~~.~~jpg~~ \| center\| ~~500px~~\| ~~Maps~~ of ~~Aquifer Productivity~~, Groundwater ~~Storage and Depth to Groundwater~~]]		[[File: Hydrogeology.png \| 500px\|center\| thumb\| Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology map of Africa, 1:5 million scale]]
			[[File: Hydrogeology_Key.png \| center\| thumb\| Legend for Africa Groundwater Atlas hydrogeology map of Africa\| 500x195px]]
	\|		\|
	\|}		\|}

			====Benefits of the Atlas country hydrogeology maps====

			These maps provide an essential national overview of the groundwater resources of each country. For some countries in Africa, the Atlas hydrogeology map is the only available digital hydrogeology map.

			====Limitations of the Atlas country hydrogeology maps====

	~~More information on these Africa~~-~~wide~~ maps ~~can~~ be ~~seen in these documents:~~		The large scale of the original map (1:5 million scale) means that the maps provide a country-scale overview - they do not show local scale detail. These maps are not based on field mapping and they have not been ground truthed. They may be different from other available hydrogeology maps.

	~~MacDonald~~, ~~A M~~, ~~Bonsor~~, ~~H C, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, and Taylor, R G~~. ~~2012. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17892/ Quantitative maps of groundwater resources in Africa]. Environmental Research Letters~~, 7 (2), ~~024009~~. ~~10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009~~		Like all maps, these country hydrogeology maps are a two-dimensional representation of the complex three-dimensional hydrogeological reality. In most cases, these maps show the uppermost aquifer only. If there are other aquifers at depth, these are not shown. In some cases, where a major aquifer is overlain by relatively low permeability unconsolidated sediments (that don't form an important aquifer), the overlying unconsolidated sediments are not shown on the map.

	MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.

	==Other hydrogeology maps for Africa==		==Other hydrogeology maps for Africa==

Beod at 09:44, 24 October 2018

2018-10-24T09:44:20Z

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 ==Quantitative groundwater maps for Africa==
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 MacDonald, A M, Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Bonsor, H C, Davies, J, and Key, R. 2010. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/501779/ Developing quantitative aquifer maps for Africa]. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/10/103.
 ==Other hydrogeology maps for Africa==