Hydrogeology of Democratic Republic of the Congo - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* References */ removed broken Deblond A. 2004 link - couldn't find alternative

2024-01-22T11:50:57Z

References: removed broken Deblond A. 2004 link - couldn't find alternative

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	Chishugi JB and Xu Y. 2010. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In: Xu and Braune (eds.) Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa: water supply and sanitation environment. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Print ISBN: 978-0-415-87603-2 eBook ISBN: 978-0-203-85945-2 DOI: 10.1201/9780203859452-c15		Chishugi JB and Xu Y. 2010. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In: Xu and Braune (eds.) Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa: water supply and sanitation environment. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Print ISBN: 978-0-415-87603-2 eBook ISBN: 978-0-203-85945-2 DOI: 10.1201/9780203859452-c15

	Deblond A. 2004. Updated Geological Framework of Central Africa. GARS / GeoNET Programme, Scientific Case Study No. 7, UNESCO. ~~Available at https://www.prominesrdc.cd/fr/dp/annexe3.pdf~~		Deblond A. 2004. Updated Geological Framework of Central Africa. GARS / GeoNET Programme, Scientific Case Study No. 7, UNESCO.

	Fernandez-Alonso M, Mupande J-F, Badosa T, Baudet D, DewaeleS, Kalenga H, Kampata H, Kanda-Nkula V, Lahmouch M, Lahogue P, Luamba M, Mashagiro H, Mawaya P, Mpoi J, Mwanza B and Onya F. 2015. New 1/ 2,5 million scale Geologic and Mineral Occurrences maps of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Paper No. 5587, presented at American Geosciences Institute International Geological Congress. Available at https://www.americangeosciences.org/sites/default/files/igc/5587.pdf		Fernandez-Alonso M, Mupande J-F, Badosa T, Baudet D, DewaeleS, Kalenga H, Kampata H, Kanda-Nkula V, Lahmouch M, Lahogue P, Luamba M, Mashagiro H, Mawaya P, Mpoi J, Mwanza B and Onya F. 2015. New 1/ 2,5 million scale Geologic and Mineral Occurrences maps of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Paper No. 5587, presented at American Geosciences Institute International Geological Congress. Available at https://www.americangeosciences.org/sites/default/files/igc/5587.pdf

LaurenGiles: /* References */ general info on surface water SADC link

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References: general info on surface water SADC link

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	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	[https://www.sadc.int/~~themes/natural-resources~~/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/pillars/water General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

LaurenGiles: /* References */ french UNEP 2011 link

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References: french UNEP 2011 link

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	UNEP. 2011. [https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. UNEP Technical Report		UNEP. 2011. [https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. UNEP Technical Report

	UNEP. 2011. [https://~~postconflict~~.unep.ch/~~publications~~/~~UNEP_DRC_water_FR~~.~~pdf~~ Problematique de l’Eau en Republique Democratique du Congo: Defis et Opportunites]. UNEP Rapport Technique		UNEP. 2011. [https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Problematique de l’Eau en Republique Democratique du Congo: Defis et Opportunites]. UNEP Rapport Technique

	van Engelen VWP, Verdoodt A, Dijkshoorn JA and van Ranst E. 2006. [https://edepot.wur.nl/44393 Soil and Terrain Database of Central Africa (DR of Congo, Burundi and Rwanda)]. Report 2006/07. Available through https://www.isric.org. ISRIC – World Soil Information, Wageningen).		van Engelen VWP, Verdoodt A, Dijkshoorn JA and van Ranst E. 2006. [https://edepot.wur.nl/44393 Soil and Terrain Database of Central Africa (DR of Congo, Burundi and Rwanda)]. Report 2006/07. Available through https://www.isric.org. ISRIC – World Soil Information, Wageningen).

LaurenGiles: /* References */ UNEP 2011 and Partow 2011 links

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References: UNEP 2011 and Partow 2011 links

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 22 January 2024
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	Nile IWRM-Net. 2007. Capacity Building Actions in Groundwater Management Issues as an Aspect of IWRM for the Nile Region. Short term Consultancy Report.		Nile IWRM-Net. 2007. Capacity Building Actions in Groundwater Management Issues as an Aspect of IWRM for the Nile Region. Short term Consultancy Report.

	Partow H. 2011. [https://~~postconflict~~.unep.ch/~~publications~~/~~UNEP_DRC_water~~.~~pdf~~ Water issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. United Nations Environment Programme Technical Report		Partow H. 2011. [https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Water issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. United Nations Environment Programme Technical Report

	Passau G. 1923. [https://www.stanleyville.be/documents/Geologie%20de%20Stanleyville%20extrait.pdf La geologie du bassin de schistes bitumineux de Stanleyville (Congo belge)]. Annals de la Societe geologique de Belgique, Publications Relatives au Congo Belge et aux Regions Voisines. Annee 1921-1922: Annexe au tome XLV des Annales. Liege.		Passau G. 1923. [https://www.stanleyville.be/documents/Geologie%20de%20Stanleyville%20extrait.pdf La geologie du bassin de schistes bitumineux de Stanleyville (Congo belge)]. Annals de la Societe geologique de Belgique, Publications Relatives au Congo Belge et aux Regions Voisines. Annee 1921-1922: Annexe au tome XLV des Annales. Liege.
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	United Nations. 1989. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 Groundwater in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: Zaire]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development, Natural Resources/Water Series No.19, ST/TCD/6.		United Nations. 1989. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 Groundwater in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa: Zaire]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development, Natural Resources/Water Series No.19, ST/TCD/6.

	UNEP. 2011. [https://~~postconflict~~.unep.ch/~~publications~~/~~UNEP_DRC_water~~.~~pdf~~ Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. UNEP Technical Report		UNEP. 2011. [https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Water Issues in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Challenges and Opportunities]. UNEP Technical Report

	UNEP. 2011. [https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water_FR.pdf Problematique de l’Eau en Republique Democratique du Congo: Defis et Opportunites]. UNEP Rapport Technique		UNEP. 2011. [https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_DRC_water_FR.pdf Problematique de l’Eau en Republique Democratique du Congo: Defis et Opportunites]. UNEP Rapport Technique

LaurenGiles: /* A history of hydrogeological investigation and information in DRC */ Partow 2011 link, fixing again

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A history of hydrogeological investigation and information in DRC: Partow 2011 link, fixing again

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:43, 22 January 2024
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	A Nile project report (2010) presents a summary of Snel (1957) with some additional aquifer properties data from an unknown source. Although widespread, these data are still not representative of the whole country.		A Nile project report (2010) presents a summary of Snel (1957) with some additional aquifer properties data from an unknown source. Although widespread, these data are still not representative of the whole country.

	The most recent publication describing the hydrogeology of the DRC is by UNEP ([https://~~postconflict~~.unep.ch/~~publications~~/~~UNEP_DRC_water~~.~~pdf~~ Partow 2011]), which includes a review of existing literature and information.		The most recent publication describing the hydrogeology of the DRC is by UNEP ([https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/22067 Partow 2011]), which includes a review of existing literature and information.

	At a regional scale, only the hydrogeology of the Katanga province has been extensively studied, due to intensive mining activities in these regions. There is also some dispersed hydrogeological data for other mining sites, including the Kibali Gold Mine (Watsa), Mongualu (Oriental Province) and Banro (South Kivu).		At a regional scale, only the hydrogeology of the Katanga province has been extensively studied, due to intensive mining activities in these regions. There is also some dispersed hydrogeological data for other mining sites, including the Kibali Gold Mine (Watsa), Mongualu (Oriental Province) and Banro (South Kivu).

Beod: /* References */

2022-11-10T14:16:58Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 10 November 2022
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	PROMINES - Growth with Governance in the Mineral Sector / La Bonne Gouvernance dans le Secteur Minier comme Facteur de Croissance. Project P106982 / IDA – H589 ZR – TF010744.		PROMINES - Growth with Governance in the Mineral Sector / La Bonne Gouvernance dans le Secteur Minier comme Facteur de Croissance. Project P106982 / IDA – H589 ZR – TF010744.



	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[~~Overview of~~ Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

Beod at 13:45, 4 October 2022

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:45, 4 October 2022
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	Please cite this page as: Chishugi, Birikomo, Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.		Please cite this page as: Chishugi, Birikomo, Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.

	Bibliographic reference: Chishugi JB, Birikomo J, Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ~~http~~://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo		Bibliographic reference: Chishugi JB, Birikomo J, Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo

	==Terms and conditions==		==Terms and conditions==
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	\|}		\|}

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en FAO Aquastat]		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en FAO Aquastat]

	===Climate===		===Climate===
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	\|}		\|}

	These statistics are sourced from [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO Aquastat]. They are the most recent available information in the Aquastat database. More information on the derivation and interpretation of these statistics can be seen on the FAO Aquastat website.		These statistics are sourced from [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO Aquastat]. They are the most recent available information in the Aquastat database. More information on the derivation and interpretation of these statistics can be seen on the FAO Aquastat website.

	Further water and related statistics can be accessed at the [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en Aquastat Main Database].		Further water and related statistics can be accessed at the [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en Aquastat Main Database].

	<sup>1</sup> More information on [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics]		<sup>1</sup> More information on [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics]

	==Geology==		==Geology==
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	More detailed geological information can be found in other maps and reports (see the full list in the References section, below), in particular these:		More detailed geological information can be found in other maps and reports (see the full list in the References section, below), in particular these:
	* A [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 UN report] (1989) with information current at the end of the 1980s.		* A [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 UN report] (1989) with information current at the end of the 1980s.
	* A lithological map of the DRC, developed by the World Soil Information (ISRIC) as part of developing a Soil and Terrain Database (SOTER) for Central Africa. The lithological classes in SOTER are based on a geological map of the Congo at 1 : 2 million scale compiled by the Musée Royal d'Afrique Centrale (MRAC) (Lepersonne 1974). The SOTER database also includes data on landforms and hydrographic networks. The lithological classes are described in [~~http~~://edepot.wur.nl/44393 van Engelen et al. 2006]. The lithological map is available as a GIS shapefile.		* A lithological map of the DRC, developed by the World Soil Information (ISRIC) as part of developing a Soil and Terrain Database (SOTER) for Central Africa. The lithological classes in SOTER are based on a geological map of the Congo at 1 : 2 million scale compiled by the Musée Royal d'Afrique Centrale (MRAC) (Lepersonne 1974). The SOTER database also includes data on landforms and hydrographic networks. The lithological classes are described in [https://edepot.wur.nl/44393 van Engelen et al. 2006]. The lithological map is available as a GIS shapefile.
	* The 1974 geological map of the DRC (Lepersonne 1974) was recently updated (2015) by the Musée Royal d'Afrique Centrale (MRAC) in Belgium, on behalf of the DRC Ministry of Mines, as part of the World Bank-funded PROMINES project (Fernandez-Alonso 2015). This map is not publicly available. It shows no changes in lithological contours from older geological maps. It did redefine the chronostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical divisions at Supergroup and Complex level, and reallocate the geological units represented according to the new definitions.		* The 1974 geological map of the DRC (Lepersonne 1974) was recently updated (2015) by the Musée Royal d'Afrique Centrale (MRAC) in Belgium, on behalf of the DRC Ministry of Mines, as part of the World Bank-funded PROMINES project (Fernandez-Alonso 2015). This map is not publicly available. It shows no changes in lithological contours from older geological maps. It did redefine the chronostratigraphical and lithostratigraphical divisions at Supergroup and Complex level, and reallocate the geological units represented according to the new definitions.

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	A number of reports have been published since the 1950s that describe aspects of the hydrogeology of the DRC. Although they provide much essential information, they all suffer from a lack of field data from hydrogeological tests (e.g. borehole pumping tests).		A number of reports have been published since the 1950s that describe aspects of the hydrogeology of the DRC. Although they provide much essential information, they all suffer from a lack of field data from hydrogeological tests (e.g. borehole pumping tests).

	In 1957, [~~http~~://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=ZR1041 Snel] presented the first country-scale general hydrogeological overview, and compiled a [https://fishy.bgr.de/whymis/images/region/congo_dem_rep_rwanda.jpg hydrogeological map] (available to view as a scanned image from the BGR [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMAP] website). Though the report is very rich and descriptive, it does not include any quantitative data on aquifer characterisation.		In 1957, [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=ZR1041 Snel] presented the first country-scale general hydrogeological overview, and compiled a [https://fishy.bgr.de/whymis/images/region/congo_dem_rep_rwanda.jpg hydrogeological map] (available to view as a scanned image from the BGR [https://geoviewer.bgr.de/mapapps/resources/apps/whymap/index.html?lang=en&tab=whymap_gwr WHYMAP] website). Though the report is very rich and descriptive, it does not include any quantitative data on aquifer characterisation.

	Waleffe (1985) provided an outline of the hydrogeology of the lower Rusizi aquifer, which was later re-interpreted by Hakiza (2002), who provided some values for aquifer parameters for the lower Rusizi to the north of Lake Tanganyika, including on the DRC side of the border.		Waleffe (1985) provided an outline of the hydrogeology of the lower Rusizi aquifer, which was later re-interpreted by Hakiza (2002), who provided some values for aquifer parameters for the lower Rusizi to the north of Lake Tanganyika, including on the DRC side of the border.

	During the 1980s there was groundwater research in several areas, with a view to developing drinking water supplies for key urban areas. This included the central sedimentary aquifer basin (e.g. Boende, Lisala and Basankusu) and areas where Precambrian formations are dominated by limestones (e.g. Mbanza-Ngungu, Likasi and Lubumbashi). Results from this research are summarised in a [~~http~~://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 United Nations report] (1989).		During the 1980s there was groundwater research in several areas, with a view to developing drinking water supplies for key urban areas. This included the central sedimentary aquifer basin (e.g. Boende, Lisala and Basankusu) and areas where Precambrian formations are dominated by limestones (e.g. Mbanza-Ngungu, Likasi and Lubumbashi). Results from this research are summarised in a [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060006 United Nations report] (1989).

	A Nile project report (2010) presents a summary of Snel (1957) with some additional aquifer properties data from an unknown source. Although widespread, these data are still not representative of the whole country.		A Nile project report (2010) presents a summary of Snel (1957) with some additional aquifer properties data from an unknown source. Although widespread, these data are still not representative of the whole country.
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	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[Overview of Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] ~~>> Hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo~~		[[Overview of Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

Beod: /* References */

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References

Beod at 08:27, 17 September 2021

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 17 September 2021
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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Democratic Republic of the Congo geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Democratic Republic of the Congo geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	The DRC is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://~~ggis.un~~-~~igrac~~.org/~~ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default~~ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].		The DRC is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].

	[[File:DRC_Hydrogeology4.png\| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Democratic Republic of the Congo geology and hydrogeology map].]]		[[File:DRC_Hydrogeology4.png\| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Democratic Republic of the Congo geology and hydrogeology map].]]

Beod: /* References */

2021-09-17T07:56:40Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 17 September 2021
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	'''Online resources'''		'''Online resources'''

	[https://~~ggis.un~~-~~igrac~~.org/~~ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default~~ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 4 October 2022
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	The following provide more information on the geology and hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.		The following provide more information on the geology and hydrogeology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

	Many of these, and others, ~~can be accessed~~ through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=CD&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].		Many of these, and others, are also available through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=CD&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].

	'''~~Online~~ resources'''		'''Webpages / online resources/ '''

	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	[~~http~~://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]


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	African Development Fund. 2007. [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Congo_-_Urban_Drinking_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_Project_-_Appraisal_Report.pdf Democratic Republic of the Congo: Semi-urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project: appraisal report]. Water and Sanitation Department, OWAS, February 2007		African Development Fund. 2007. [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Congo_-_Urban_Drinking_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_Project_-_Appraisal_Report.pdf Democratic Republic of the Congo: Semi-urban Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project: appraisal report]. Water and Sanitation Department, OWAS, February 2007

	Altchenko Y and Vilholth KG. 2013. [~~http~~://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10040-013-1002-3 Transboundary aquifer mapping and management in Africa: a harmonised approach]. Hydrogeology Journal Vol.21, Issue 7, pp. 1497-1517.		Altchenko Y and Vilholth KG. 2013. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10040-013-1002-3 Transboundary aquifer mapping and management in Africa: a harmonised approach]. Hydrogeology Journal Vol.21, Issue 7, pp. 1497-1517.

	Cahen L. 1954. Géologie du Congo Belge, Ed. Liège Imprimerie H. Vaillant-Germanne, S.A. 4, Place Saint-Michel, 4.		Cahen L. 1954. Géologie du Congo Belge, Ed. Liège Imprimerie H. Vaillant-Germanne, S.A. 4, Place Saint-Michel, 4.
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	Chishugi JB and Xu Y. 2010. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In: Xu and Braune (eds.) Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa: water supply and sanitation environment. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Print ISBN: 978-0-415-87603-2 eBook ISBN: 978-0-203-85945-2 DOI: 10.1201/9780203859452-c15		Chishugi JB and Xu Y. 2010. Water Supply and Sanitation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In: Xu and Braune (eds.) Sustainable groundwater resources in Africa: water supply and sanitation environment. Boca Raton, CRC Press. Print ISBN: 978-0-415-87603-2 eBook ISBN: 978-0-203-85945-2 DOI: 10.1201/9780203859452-c15

	Deblond A. 2004. Updated Geological Framework of Central Africa. GARS / GeoNET Programme, Scientific Case Study No. 7, UNESCO. Available at ~~http~~://www.prominesrdc.cd/fr/dp/annexe3.pdf		Deblond A. 2004. Updated Geological Framework of Central Africa. GARS / GeoNET Programme, Scientific Case Study No. 7, UNESCO. Available at https://www.prominesrdc.cd/fr/dp/annexe3.pdf

	Fernandez-Alonso M, Mupande J-F, Badosa T, Baudet D, DewaeleS, Kalenga H, Kampata H, Kanda-Nkula V, Lahmouch M, Lahogue P, Luamba M, Mashagiro H, Mawaya P, Mpoi J, Mwanza B and Onya F. 2015. New 1/ 2,5 million scale Geologic and Mineral Occurrences maps of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Paper No. 5587, presented at American Geosciences Institute International Geological Congress. Available at https://www.americangeosciences.org/sites/default/files/igc/5587.pdf		Fernandez-Alonso M, Mupande J-F, Badosa T, Baudet D, DewaeleS, Kalenga H, Kampata H, Kanda-Nkula V, Lahmouch M, Lahogue P, Luamba M, Mashagiro H, Mawaya P, Mpoi J, Mwanza B and Onya F. 2015. New 1/ 2,5 million scale Geologic and Mineral Occurrences maps of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Paper No. 5587, presented at American Geosciences Institute International Geological Congress. Available at https://www.americangeosciences.org/sites/default/files/igc/5587.pdf
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	Passau G. 1923. [https://www.stanleyville.be/documents/Geologie%20de%20Stanleyville%20extrait.pdf La geologie du bassin de schistes bitumineux de Stanleyville (Congo belge)]. Annals de la Societe geologique de Belgique, Publications Relatives au Congo Belge et aux Regions Voisines. Annee 1921-1922: Annexe au tome XLV des Annales. Liege.		Passau G. 1923. [https://www.stanleyville.be/documents/Geologie%20de%20Stanleyville%20extrait.pdf La geologie du bassin de schistes bitumineux de Stanleyville (Congo belge)]. Annals de la Societe geologique de Belgique, Publications Relatives au Congo Belge et aux Regions Voisines. Annee 1921-1922: Annexe au tome XLV des Annales. Liege.

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