Hydrogeology of Lesotho - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Online resources */ general information on surface.... link

2023-12-13T10:20:18Z

Online resources: general information on surface.... link

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:20, 13 December 2023
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	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).

	[https://www.sadc.int/~~themes/natural-resources~~/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/pillars/water General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

	===Geology references===		===Geology references===

Beod: /* Groundwater management */

2022-11-11T09:34:08Z

Groundwater management

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 11 November 2022
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	Groundwater level monitoring data are stored in simple spreadsheets at district level. Data are not compiled in a central database ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Lesotho is in a process of decentralisation where it is planned that monitoring responsibility will be transferred to local communities while the DWA takes a primarily advisory role ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]).		Groundwater level monitoring data are stored in simple spreadsheets at district level. Data are not compiled in a central database ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Lesotho is in a process of decentralisation where it is planned that monitoring responsibility will be transferred to local communities while the DWA takes a primarily advisory role ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]).

	Some more information on groundwater monitoring in Lesotho is in IGRAC's [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf ~~groundwater~~ Monitoring Overview].		Some more information on groundwater monitoring in Lesotho is in IGRAC's [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf Monitoring Overview] for Lesotho.

	=== Transboundary aquifers===		=== Transboundary aquifers===

Beod: /* References */

2022-11-10T14:21:10Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 10 November 2022
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	Many of the documents below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Lesotho, can also be accessed through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&titleboolean=AND&author_search=&category=&child_category=&country=LS African Groundwater Literature Archive].		Many of the documents below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Lesotho, can also be accessed through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&titleboolean=AND&author_search=&category=&child_category=&country=LS African Groundwater Literature Archive].

	===Online ~~Resources~~===		===Online resources===

	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).
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	[https://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

	===Geology ~~References~~===		===Geology references===

	Lesotho Government. 1982. Geological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:250 000. Government of the United Kingdom (Directorate of Overseas Surveys) for the Government of Lesotho.		Lesotho Government. 1982. Geological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:250 000. Government of the United Kingdom (Directorate of Overseas Surveys) for the Government of Lesotho.
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	UNDP. 1984. Geology and Mineral Resources of Lesotho. Exploration for Diamonds (phase 1) and Exploration for Minerals (Phase 2). Technical report DP/UN/LES-71-503/8 and DP/UN/LES-73-021/9. For the Government of Lesotho.		UNDP. 1984. Geology and Mineral Resources of Lesotho. Exploration for Diamonds (phase 1) and Exploration for Minerals (Phase 2). Technical report DP/UN/LES-71-503/8 and DP/UN/LES-73-021/9. For the Government of Lesotho.

	===Hydrogeology ~~References~~===		===Hydrogeology references===

	Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300,000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division. Digital version available to view and download through [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300,000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division. Digital version available to view and download through [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]
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	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[~~Overview of~~ Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

	<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->		<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->
	[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|l]]		[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|l]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Beod: /* Groundwater use and management */

2022-10-11T10:08:43Z

Groundwater use and management

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	==Groundwater use and management==		==Groundwater use and management==

	=== Groundwater use===		=== Groundwater use===
	The institutions responsible for water supply in Lesotho are:		The institutions responsible for water supply in Lesotho are:
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	The Water Act 2008 provides for the management, protection, conservation, development and sustainable utilisation of water resources. Permits are required for drilling a borehole (Construction Permit) and for using groundwater (Water Use Permit); these are granted by the Water Rights Division of the DWA.		The Water Act 2008 provides for the management, protection, conservation, development and sustainable utilisation of water resources. Permits are required for drilling a borehole (Construction Permit) and for using groundwater (Water Use Permit); these are granted by the Water Rights Division of the DWA.

			====Groundwater monitoring====

			The Groundwater Division of the DWA maintains a monitoring network for groundwater levels in observation boreholes and spring flows. Officially there are 130 springs and 60 boreholes in the monitoring network, but it is not fully operational, and in 2020 there was regular monitoring of 30 springs and 20 boreholes, every three months ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Groundwater levels are measured manually with water level dippers.

			Groundwater level monitoring data are stored in simple spreadsheets at district level. Data are not compiled in a central database ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Lesotho is in a process of decentralisation where it is planned that monitoring responsibility will be transferred to local communities while the DWA takes a primarily advisory role ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]).

			Some more information on groundwater monitoring in Lesotho is in IGRAC's [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf groundwater Monitoring Overview].

	=== Transboundary aquifers===		=== Transboundary aquifers===
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	The Lesotho/South Africa Karoo Aquifer was used as an example of transboundary aquifers in a paper by Cobbing et al. (2008):		The Lesotho/South Africa Karoo Aquifer was used as an example of transboundary aquifers in a paper by Cobbing et al. (2008):
	[~~http~~://nora.nerc.ac.uk/4862/ A critical overview of transboundary aquifers shared by South Africa].		[https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/4862/ A critical overview of transboundary aquifers shared by South Africa].

	For further information about transboundary aquifers, please see the [[Transboundary aquifers \| Transboundary aquifers resources page]]		For further information about transboundary aquifers, please see the [[Transboundary aquifers \| Transboundary aquifers resources page]]

	~~=== Groundwater monitoring===~~

	The Groundwater Division of the DWA maintains a monitoring network for groundwater levels in observation boreholes and spring flows. Officially there are 130 springs and 60 boreholes in the monitoring network, but it is not fully operational, and in 2020 there was regular monitoring of 30 springs and 20 boreholes, every three months ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Groundwater levels are measured manually with water level dippers.

	Groundwater level monitoring data are stored in simple spreadsheets at district level. Data are not compiled in a central database ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Lesotho is in a process of decentralisation where it is planned that monitoring responsibility will be transferred to local communities while the DWA takes a primarily advisory role ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]).

	Some more information on groundwater monitoring in Lesotho is in IGRAC's [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf groundwater Monitoring Overview].

	==References==		==References==

Beod: /* Hydrogeology References */

2022-10-11T09:52:18Z

Hydrogeology References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 11 October 2022
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	Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.		Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.

			IGRAC. 2013. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Report_Groundwater%20Monitoring%20in%20SADC%20region.pdf Groundwater Monitoring in the SADC Region]. Overview prepared for the Stockholm World Water Week 2013.

	IGRAC. 2020. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf Groundwater monitoring overview - Lesotho]		IGRAC. 2020. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf Groundwater monitoring overview - Lesotho]

Beod: /* Groundwater monitoring */

2022-10-11T09:50:37Z

Groundwater monitoring

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 11 October 2022
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	=== Groundwater monitoring===		=== Groundwater monitoring===
	The Groundwater Division of the DWA ~~monitors~~ groundwater levels in 72 boreholes and flows ~~at 162 springs~~. ~~These~~ are ~~monitored on a biannual basis~~, in ~~dry~~ and ~~wet seasons~~. ~~There~~ are ~~also selected key springs and boreholes~~ in ~~each~~ district ~~which~~ are ~~monitored on~~ a ~~monthly basis~~. ~~The data are stored~~ in the ~~Departmental database~~.
			The Groundwater Division of the DWA maintains a monitoring network for groundwater levels in observation boreholes and spring flows. Officially there are 130 springs and 60 boreholes in the monitoring network, but it is not fully operational, and in 2020 there was regular monitoring of 30 springs and 20 boreholes, every three months ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Groundwater levels are measured manually with water level dippers.

			Groundwater level monitoring data are stored in simple spreadsheets at district level. Data are not compiled in a central database ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]). Lesotho is in a process of decentralisation where it is planned that monitoring responsibility will be transferred to local communities while the DWA takes a primarily advisory role ([https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf IGRAC 2020]).

			Some more information on groundwater monitoring in Lesotho is in IGRAC's [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf groundwater Monitoring Overview].

	==References==		==References==

Beod: /* References */

2022-10-11T09:43:21Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 11 October 2022
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	==References==		==References==
	Many of the documents below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Lesotho, can be ~~found in~~ the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&titleboolean=AND&author_search=&category=&child_category=&country=LS African Groundwater Literature Archive].
			Many of the documents below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Lesotho, can also be accessed through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&titleboolean=AND&author_search=&category=&child_category=&country=LS African Groundwater Literature Archive].

	===Online Resources===		===Online Resources===
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	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).

	[~~http~~://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

	===~~Key~~ Geology References===		===Geology References===

	Lesotho Government. 1982. Geological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:250 000. Government of the United Kingdom (Directorate of Overseas Surveys) for the Government of Lesotho.		Lesotho Government. 1982. Geological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:250 000. Government of the United Kingdom (Directorate of Overseas Surveys) for the Government of Lesotho.
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	UNDP. 1984. Geology and Mineral Resources of Lesotho. Exploration for Diamonds (phase 1) and Exploration for Minerals (Phase 2). Technical report DP/UN/LES-71-503/8 and DP/UN/LES-73-021/9. For the Government of Lesotho.		UNDP. 1984. Geology and Mineral Resources of Lesotho. Exploration for Diamonds (phase 1) and Exploration for Minerals (Phase 2). Technical report DP/UN/LES-71-503/8 and DP/UN/LES-73-021/9. For the Government of Lesotho.

	===~~key~~ Hydrogeology References===		===Hydrogeology References===

	Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300,000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division. Digital version available to view and download through [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300,000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division. Digital version available to view and download through [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]
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	Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.		Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.

	~~Schmitz G and Rooyani F~~. ~~1987~~. ~~Lesotho~~: ~~geology, geomorphology and soil~~. ~~National University of~~ Lesotho		IGRAC. 2020. [https://www.un-igrac.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Monitoring%20overview%20-%20Lesotho.pdf Groundwater monitoring overview - Lesotho]

	Lesupi MJ. Hydrogeology of Lesotho. ISARM 1. Unpublished article		Lesupi MJ. Hydrogeology of Lesotho. ISARM 1. Unpublished article

			Schmitz G and Rooyani F. 1987. Lesotho: geology, geomorphology and soil. National University of Lesotho

	TAMS Consultants. 1996. Water Resources Management: Policy and Strategy		TAMS Consultants. 1996. Water Resources Management: Policy and Strategy
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	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[Overview of Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] ~~>> Hydrogeology of Lesotho~~		[[Overview of Africa Groundwater Atlas \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

	<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->		<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->
	[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|l]]		[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|l]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Beod: /* References */

2021-11-16T09:12:26Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 16 November 2021
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	===Online Resources===		===Online Resources===

	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (~~Arduitti~~).		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduino et al. 1994).

	[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]
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	===key Hydrogeology References===		===key Hydrogeology References===

	Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300 000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division.		Arduino G, Bono P and Del Sette, P. 1994. Hydrogeological Map of Lesotho, Scale: 1:300,000. Government of Italy General Directorate of Development Cooperation MOLISV-Groundwater Project and Government of Lesotho Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Water Affairs, Groundwater Division. Digital version available to view and download through [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.		Commissioner of Water. 2013. State of Water Resources Report April 2011-March 2013.

Beod: /* Online Resources */

2021-11-16T09:11:32Z

Online Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 16 November 2021
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	===Online Resources===		===Online Resources===

	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] (includes a digital version of the 1:300,000 scale hydrogeological map of Lesotho (Arduitti).

	[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

Beod: /* Hydrogeology */

2021-11-16T09:05:24Z

Hydrogeology

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 16 November 2021
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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Lesotho geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Lesotho geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	A more detailed hydrogeological map is produced by the Department of Water Affairs (Arduino and Del Sette 1994).		A more detailed hydrogeological map, at a scale of 1:300,000, is produced by the Department of Water Affairs (Arduino and Del Sette 1994). A digitised version of this map is available to view and download through the [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].

	Lesotho is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].		Lesotho is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), also available through the [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].

	[[File:Lesotho_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb \| 400px \| Map of hydrogeology (aquifer type and productivity) of Lesotho at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Lesotho geology and hydrogeology map].]].		[[File:Lesotho_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb \| 400px \| Map of hydrogeology (aquifer type and productivity) of Lesotho at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Lesotho geology and hydrogeology map].]].