Hydrogeology of Madagascar - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* References */ removed broken map links

2024-01-23T10:32:34Z

References: removed broken map links

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	Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012		Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012

	Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. ~~[https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=341~~ Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Nord]		Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Nord

	Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. ~~[https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=433~~ Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Centre]		Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Centre

	Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. ~~[https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=432~~ Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Sud]		Service Geologique de Madagascar. 1964. Madagascar Carte Geologique: Echelle au 1:1,000,000: Feuille du Sud

	UNICEF. 2018. [https://www.unicef.org/documents/using-gis-and-remote-sensing-access-water-drought-prone-areas-ethiopia-and-madagascar Using GIS and Remote Sensing to Access Water in the Drought-Prone Areas of Ethiopia and Madagascar]. WASH Field Note FN/03/2018		UNICEF. 2018. [https://www.unicef.org/documents/using-gis-and-remote-sensing-access-water-drought-prone-areas-ethiopia-and-madagascar Using GIS and Remote Sensing to Access Water in the Drought-Prone Areas of Ethiopia and Madagascar]. WASH Field Note FN/03/2018

LaurenGiles: /* References */ general info sadc link

2023-12-13T10:40:11Z

References: general info sadc link

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	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] hosted by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC].		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal] hosted by [https://www.un-igrac.org/ IGRAC].

	[https://www.sadc.int/~~themes/natural-resources~~/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/pillars/water General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater quality */ fact sheet link

2023-12-13T10:38:06Z

Groundwater quality: fact sheet link

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	===Groundwater quality===		===Groundwater quality===

	Comprehensive studies on groundwater quality in Madagascar are limited. A summary of groundwater quality in all the main aquifers in Madagascar, from 2002, is in this [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/~~start~~.~~cfm?id=1282~~ fact sheet] (BGS 2002).		Comprehensive studies on groundwater quality in Madagascar are limited. A summary of groundwater quality in all the main aquifers in Madagascar, from 2002, is in this [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/downloads/country_sheets/Madagascar.pdf fact sheet] (BGS 2002).

	Coastal and alluvial aquifers often have naturally high salinity resulting from saline intrusion, sometimes high enough to make water unsuitable for human consumption, particularly in southern Madagascar and in the Androy region (eg USAID 2021, UNICEF 2019).		Coastal and alluvial aquifers often have naturally high salinity resulting from saline intrusion, sometimes high enough to make water unsuitable for human consumption, particularly in southern Madagascar and in the Androy region (eg USAID 2021, UNICEF 2019).

LaurenGiles: /* Geology */ Cartes Geologique Centre et Sud links

2023-12-13T10:36:29Z

Geology: Cartes Geologique Centre et Sud links

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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Madagascar geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Madagascar geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	A higher resolution geological map of Madagascar is the '''Carte géologique de Madagascar, echelle 1:1,000,000'''. Scanned versions of this map in 3 tiles are available at the Bibliothèque et Archives Universitaires Cartotheque: [https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=341 Feuille du Nord], [https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=433 Feuille du Centre] et [https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=432 Feuille du Sud].		A higher resolution geological map of Madagascar is the '''Carte géologique de Madagascar, echelle 1:1,000,000'''. Scanned versions of this map in 3 tiles are available at the Bibliothèque et Archives Universitaires Cartotheque: [https://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=341 Feuille du Nord], [https://www.biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=433 Feuille du Centre] et [https://www.biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/cartotheque/detail.php?id=432 Feuille du Sud].

	More detailed information on the geology of Madagascar, with particular relevance to hydrogeology, is available in the following reports: [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060013 UN (1989)]; Rakotondrainibe (2006) and BRGM (1968).		More detailed information on the geology of Madagascar, with particular relevance to hydrogeology, is available in the following reports: [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060013 UN (1989)]; Rakotondrainibe (2006) and BRGM (1968).

LaurenGiles: /* Summary */ edited for grammar, previously read 'based reports by....'

2023-11-27T11:33:52Z

Summary: edited for grammar, previously read 'based reports by....'

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	* the South Basin		* the South Basin

	The geological sequence of these four basins and of the central Highlands area is summarised in the table below. This information is based reports by Rakotondrainibe (2006) and UN (1988).		The geological sequence of these four basins and of the central Highlands area is summarised in the table below. This information is based on reports by Rakotondrainibe (2006) and UN (1988).

	{\| class = "wikitable"		{\| class = "wikitable"

Beod: /* References */

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References

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	Rasolofonirina M, Ramaroson V and Andriambololona R. 2015. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v4n2p55 On-Site Sanitation Influence on Nitrate Occurrence in the Shallow Groundwater of Mahitsy City, Analamanga Region, Madagascar]. Environ. Pollut. 2015, 4 (2), 55–65. doi:10.5539/ep.v4n2p55		Rasolofonirina M, Ramaroson V and Andriambololona R. 2015. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v4n2p55 On-Site Sanitation Influence on Nitrate Occurrence in the Shallow Groundwater of Mahitsy City, Analamanga Region, Madagascar]. Environ. Pollut. 2015, 4 (2), 55–65. doi:10.5539/ep.v4n2p55

	SADC. ~~2009~~. [https://sadc-gip.org/documents/96 Explanatory Brochure for the South African Development Community (SADC) Hydrogeological Map & Atlas]. A report to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Cooperating Partners: European Union and GTZ		SADC. 2010. [https://sadc-gip.org/documents/96 Explanatory Brochure for the South African Development Community (SADC) Hydrogeological Map & Atlas]. A report to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Cooperating Partners: European Union and GTZ

	Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012		Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012

Beod at 11:01, 11 November 2022

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	====Groundwater data and monitoring====		====Groundwater data and monitoring====

	A [https://sadc-gip.org/layers/geonode:gip_BHdata_madagascar borehole database that covers much of northern Madagascar] is available to view digitally online in the SADC GMI [https://sadc-gip.org/ Groundwater Information Portal]. The ~~database shows~~ locations of water boreholes with varying amounts of data on borehole depth, geology, aquifer type, water level, yield, and selected groundwater chemistry (eg SEC/conductivity, total dissolved solids/TDS, nitrate and fluoride)		A [https://sadc-gip.org/layers/geonode:gip_BHdata_madagascar borehole database that covers much of northern Madagascar] is available to view digitally online in the SADC GMI [https://sadc-gip.org/ Groundwater Information Portal]. Data were collated as part of the SADC Hydrogeological Mapping project (SADC, 2010). The data includes locations of water boreholes with varying amounts of data on borehole depth, geology, aquifer type, water level, yield, and selected groundwater chemistry (eg SEC/conductivity, total dissolved solids/TDS, nitrate and fluoride)

	There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).		There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).

Beod: /* Groundwater data and monitoring */

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Groundwater data and monitoring

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	====Groundwater data and monitoring====		====Groundwater data and monitoring====

	A [https://sadc-gip.org/layers/geonode:gip_BHdata_madagascar borehole database that covers much of northern Madagascar] is available to view digitally online in the SADC GMI [https://sadc-gip.org/ Groundwater Information Portal].		A [https://sadc-gip.org/layers/geonode:gip_BHdata_madagascar borehole database that covers much of northern Madagascar] is available to view digitally online in the SADC GMI [https://sadc-gip.org/ Groundwater Information Portal]. The database shows locations of water boreholes with varying amounts of data on borehole depth, geology, aquifer type, water level, yield, and selected groundwater chemistry (eg SEC/conductivity, total dissolved solids/TDS, nitrate and fluoride)

	There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).		There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).

Beod: /* References */

2022-10-18T12:35:52Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 18 October 2022
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	Rasolofonirina M, Ramaroson V and Andriambololona R. 2015. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v4n2p55 On-Site Sanitation Influence on Nitrate Occurrence in the Shallow Groundwater of Mahitsy City, Analamanga Region, Madagascar]. Environ. Pollut. 2015, 4 (2), 55–65. doi:10.5539/ep.v4n2p55		Rasolofonirina M, Ramaroson V and Andriambololona R. 2015. [https://doi.org/10.5539/ep.v4n2p55 On-Site Sanitation Influence on Nitrate Occurrence in the Shallow Groundwater of Mahitsy City, Analamanga Region, Madagascar]. Environ. Pollut. 2015, 4 (2), 55–65. doi:10.5539/ep.v4n2p55

			SADC. 2009. [https://sadc-gip.org/documents/96 Explanatory Brochure for the South African Development Community (SADC) Hydrogeological Map & Atlas]. A report to the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and Cooperating Partners: European Union and GTZ

	Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012		Serele C, Pérez-Hoyos A and Kayitakire F. 2020. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012 Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques]. Geoscience Frontiers 11, 4, 1403-1413. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2019.11.012

Beod: /* Groundwater data and monitoring */

2022-10-18T12:32:42Z

Groundwater data and monitoring

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	====Groundwater data and monitoring====		====Groundwater data and monitoring====

	A ~~review~~ of ~~water point data in 2009 reported that more than 3,000 water boreholes across~~ Madagascar ~~were recorded~~ in ~~a database~~. ~~Geological logs for these boreholes are not available~~.		A [https://sadc-gip.org/layers/geonode:gip_BHdata_madagascar borehole database that covers much of northern Madagascar] is available to view digitally online in the SADC GMI [https://sadc-gip.org/ Groundwater Information Portal].

	There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).		There is currently no national groundwater level monitoring system (USAID 2021). A [https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/groundwater-resource-observatory-for-the-southwestern-madagascar/ Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSOM)], led by a consortium of organisations, was begun in 2014 to monitor groundwater levels and meteorology (Carrière et al. 2021). Two pilot sites were set up: one in 2014 in a carbonate catchment and a second in 2018 in an alluvial setting in a crystalline basement catchment. Each site includes a weather station and groundwater level loggers in 3 to 6 boreholes. Data is being used to support a groundwater early warning system (GEWS) for the southern regions of Madagascar (UNICEF 2019).