Hydrogeology of Somalia - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater management */ remove defunct groundwater management link

2023-12-18T11:39:15Z

Groundwater management: remove defunct groundwater management link

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 18 December 2023
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	Management of groundwater in Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland falls under different agencies in the relevant governments. Key institutions with a remit that includes groundwater management include:		Management of groundwater in Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland falls under different agencies in the relevant governments. Key institutions with a remit that includes groundwater management include:

	The [https://moewr.gov.so/ Ministry of Energy and Water Resources] of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia, in Mogadishu. Within this Ministry is a [https://moewr.gov.so/water/ Department of Water] that has responsibility for ~~[https://moewr.gov.so/departments/water/ground-water-management/~~ groundwater management], as well as river basin management, water quality and WASH.		The [https://moewr.gov.so/ Ministry of Energy and Water Resources] of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia, in Mogadishu. Within this Ministry is a [https://moewr.gov.so/water/ Department of Water] that has responsibility for groundwater management, as well as river basin management, water quality and WASH.

	The [https://mowd.govsomaliland.org/ Ministry of Water Resource Development], of the Government of Somaliland. This is the lead agency for WASH in Somaliland, with responsibility for water resources development and management of national water resources.		The [https://mowd.govsomaliland.org/ Ministry of Water Resource Development], of the Government of Somaliland. This is the lead agency for WASH in Somaliland, with responsibility for water resources development and management of national water resources.

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater management */ department of water link

2023-12-18T11:38:11Z

Groundwater management: department of water link

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:38, 18 December 2023
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	Management of groundwater in Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland falls under different agencies in the relevant governments. Key institutions with a remit that includes groundwater management include:		Management of groundwater in Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland falls under different agencies in the relevant governments. Key institutions with a remit that includes groundwater management include:

	The [https://moewr.gov.so/ Ministry of Energy and Water Resources] of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia, in Mogadishu. Within this Ministry is a [https://moewr.gov.so~~/departments~~/water/ Department of Water] that has responsibility for [https://moewr.gov.so/departments/water/ground-water-management/ groundwater management], as well as river basin management, water quality and WASH.		The [https://moewr.gov.so/ Ministry of Energy and Water Resources] of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia, in Mogadishu. Within this Ministry is a [https://moewr.gov.so/water/ Department of Water] that has responsibility for [https://moewr.gov.so/departments/water/ground-water-management/ groundwater management], as well as river basin management, water quality and WASH.

	The [https://mowd.govsomaliland.org/ Ministry of Water Resource Development], of the Government of Somaliland. This is the lead agency for WASH in Somaliland, with responsibility for water resources development and management of national water resources.		The [https://mowd.govsomaliland.org/ Ministry of Water Resource Development], of the Government of Somaliland. This is the lead agency for WASH in Somaliland, with responsibility for water resources development and management of national water resources.

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater dependent ecosystems */ grammar - previously read 'they are of crucial for local ecosystems'

2023-11-27T11:37:16Z

Groundwater dependent ecosystems: grammar - previously read 'they are of crucial for local ecosystems'

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:37, 27 November 2023
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	===Groundwater dependent ecosystems===		===Groundwater dependent ecosystems===

	There are numerous springs in the north of Somalia in the study area of the FAO/SWALIM programme. A total of 287 springs were registered, which tend to be more common in fractured and/or karstic aquifers. They are of crucial for local ecosystems.		There are numerous springs in the north of Somalia in the study area of the FAO/SWALIM programme. A total of 287 springs were registered, which tend to be more common in fractured and/or karstic aquifers. They are crucial for local ecosystems.

	==Groundwater use and management==		==Groundwater use and management==

LaurenGiles: /* Recharge */ typo

2023-11-27T11:36:27Z

Recharge: typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:36, 27 November 2023
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	===Recharge===		===Recharge===

	Recharge occurs only if the rainfall regime is favourable. In areas with scarce and uneven rainfall, infiltration may occur only along stream beds and floodable depressions. Short duration thunderstorms covering small areas usually occur in the northern regions and generate spate flows in ''toggas'' (wadis or seasonally dry streambeds), which ~~lasti~~ from a couple of hours to a couple of days (Faillace and Faillace 1986).		Recharge occurs only if the rainfall regime is favourable. In areas with scarce and uneven rainfall, infiltration may occur only along stream beds and floodable depressions. Short duration thunderstorms covering small areas usually occur in the northern regions and generate spate flows in ''toggas'' (wadis or seasonally dry streambeds), which lasts from a couple of hours to a couple of days (Faillace and Faillace 1986).


	===Groundwater dependent ecosystems===		===Groundwater dependent ecosystems===

Beod: /* References */

2022-11-10T14:25:40Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 10 November 2022
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	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] ~~>> Hydrogeology of Somalia, including Somaliland and Puntland~~		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

Beod: /* Groundwater monitoring */

2022-11-08T11:24:26Z

Groundwater monitoring

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 8 November 2022
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	====Groundwater level monitoring====		====Groundwater level monitoring====

	FAO/SWALIM established an initial groundwater monitoring network in the northern provinces Somaliland and Puntland in 2012, installed with automatic water level data loggers. Currently 8 groundwater level loggers are installed in Hargeisa, Borama, Berbera and Burco in Somaliland; and Garoowe, Boosaaso, Gaalkacyo and Qardho in Puntland.		FAO/SWALIM established an initial groundwater monitoring network in the northern provinces Somaliland and Puntland in 2012, installed with automatic water level data loggers. Currently 9 groundwater level loggers are installed: in Hargeisa, Borama, Berbera and Burco in Somaliland; and Garoowe, Boosaaso, Gaalkacyo and Qardho in Puntland; and Baidoa in South West State of Somalia.

	~~Data~~ from this network ~~will help~~ to ~~prevent future depletion of aquifers due to the high risk of groundwater over-exploitation in major towns caused by~~ the ~~rapidly increasing demands for water for domestic use and watering livestock~~.		Groundwater level data from this network are available to view on the [https://www.faoswalim.org/ '''FAO SWALIM online portal'''], via a [https://climseries.faoswalim.org/station/ Climate Time Series] data page.

	====Groundwater quality monitoring====		====Groundwater quality monitoring====

	No systematic groundwater quality monitoring ~~is done~~. Local water utilities sporadically control water quality in their areas.		Groundwater temperature, conductivity and salinity are measured in the 9 boreholes of the groundwater monitoring network above, and are available to view from the same [https://www.faoswalim.org/ '''FAO SWALIM online portal'''].

			There is no more detailed systematic inorganic or microbiological groundwater quality monitoring nationally. Local water utilities sporadically control water quality in their areas.

	The FAO/SWALIM (2012) project found that groundwater pollution is a major threat for humans and livestock in Somaliland and Puntland. Although deep groundwater is not as vulnerable to pollution as surface water, remediation of any contamination in deep groundwater is much more complicated. Inappropriate use or storage of harmful material, seepage of waste water, and establishment of uncontrolled landfills were all observed during the FAO/SWALIM field survey, with negative impacts on groundwater quality		The FAO/SWALIM (2012) project found that groundwater pollution is a major threat for humans and livestock in Somaliland and Puntland. Although deep groundwater is not as vulnerable to pollution as surface water, remediation of any contamination in deep groundwater is much more complicated. Inappropriate use or storage of harmful material, seepage of waste water, and establishment of uncontrolled landfills were all observed during the FAO/SWALIM field survey, with negative impacts on groundwater quality

Beod: /* References */

2022-10-21T13:44:52Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 21 October 2022
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	The following references provide more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Somalia.		The following references provide more information on the geology and hydrogeology of Somalia.
	These, and others, ~~can~~ be ~~accessed~~ through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=SO&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]		These, and others, may also be accessible through the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=SO&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]

	===Geology: key references===		===Geology: key references===

Beod at 09:42, 14 October 2022

2022-10-14T09:42:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 14 October 2022
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	'''Dr Imogen Bellwood-Howard''', Institute of Development Studies, UK		'''Dr Imogen Bellwood-Howard''', Institute of Development Studies, UK

	Please cite this page as: Gadain, Stevanovic, Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.		Please cite this page as: Gadain et al., 2018, or Gadein, Stevanovic, Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.

	Bibliographic reference: Gadain H, Stevanovic Z, Upton K. Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Somalia. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Somalia		Bibliographic reference: Gadain H, Stevanovic Z, Upton K. Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of Somalia. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Somalia

Beod: /* References */

2022-08-25T14:33:23Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 25 August 2022
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	Return to the index pages:		Return to the index pages:
	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Somalia		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Somalia, including Somaliland and Puntland

Beod: /* Hydrogeology: key references */

2022-08-25T14:32:13Z

Hydrogeology: key references

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 25 August 2022
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	Van der Plac MC. 2001. Burao water supply project XB=SOM-00-X01, Hydrogeological Site Investigations, Togdheer Region (Somaliland), UNCHS (Habitat)		Van der Plac MC. 2001. Burao water supply project XB=SOM-00-X01, Hydrogeological Site Investigations, Togdheer Region (Somaliland), UNCHS (Habitat)

			Veness WA, Butler AP, Ochoa-Tocachi BF, Moulds S and Buytaert W. 2022. [https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032165 Localizing hydrological drought early warning using in situ groundwater sensors]. Water Resources Research 58, doi:10.1029/2022WR032165

	Water Supply Survey Team of the People's Republic of China. 1983. Survey report on the possibility of the second water source of Hargeysa City of Somali Democratic Republic, Beijing		Water Supply Survey Team of the People's Republic of China. 1983. Survey report on the possibility of the second water source of Hargeysa City of Somali Democratic Republic, Beijing