Hydrogeology of South Sudan - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Unconsolidated */ UN report link

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Unconsolidated: UN report link

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	Groundwater flow patterns usually follow surface water features.		Groundwater flow patterns usually follow surface water features.

	Estimates of transmissivity and storage are given in the [https://~~www~~.~~bgs~~.~~ac.uk~~/~~africaGroundwaterAtlas~~/~~atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049~~ UN report (1988)] of 200-1500 m2/d and 0.13-0.25, respectively.		Estimates of transmissivity and storage are given in the [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/45145 UN report (1988)] of 200-1500 m2/d and 0.13-0.25, respectively.

	Collapsing sands can be a significant problem for drilling in this formation, and boreholes can become heavily silted if not installed and constructed appropriately. See [[Case Study Drilling South Sudan \| Drilling in South Sudan Case Study]] for further information.		Collapsing sands can be a significant problem for drilling in this formation, and boreholes can become heavily silted if not installed and constructed appropriately. See [[Case Study Drilling South Sudan \| Drilling in South Sudan Case Study]] for further information.

LaurenGiles: /* Hydrogeology */ UN 1988 link

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Hydrogeology: UN 1988 link

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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	More information on the hydrogeology of South Sudan is available in the report [https://~~www~~.~~bgs~~.~~ac.uk~~/~~africaGroundwaterAtlas~~/~~atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049~~ United Nations (1988)], which covers South Sudan and Sudan (see also References section, below). Some of the information in the [[Hydrogeology of Sudan \|Hydrogeology of Sudan]] page may also be useful.		More information on the hydrogeology of South Sudan is available in the report [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/45145 United Nations (1988)], which covers South Sudan and Sudan (see also References section, below). Some of the information in the [[Hydrogeology of Sudan \|Hydrogeology of Sudan]] page may also be useful.

	[[File:SouthSudan_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 400px \| Hydrogeology of South Sudan at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map].]].		[[File:SouthSudan_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 400px \| Hydrogeology of South Sudan at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map].]].

LaurenGiles: /* References */ United Nations 1988 link

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References: United Nations 1988 link

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	Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.		Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.

	United Nations. 1988. [https://~~www~~.~~bgs~~.~~ac.uk~~/~~africaGroundwaterAtlas~~/~~atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049~~ Groundwater in North and West Africa: Sudan]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa/Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.		United Nations. 1988. [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/45145 Groundwater in North and West Africa: Sudan]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa/Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.

	USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]		USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]

LaurenGiles: /* Geology */ UN report 1988 link

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Geology: UN report 1988 link

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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	More information is available in the [https://~~www~~.~~bgs~~.~~ac.uk~~/~~africaGroundwaterAtlas~~/~~atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049~~ UN report (1988)], and in other references listed below. Some of the information in the [[Hydrogeology of Sudan \| Hydrogeology of Sudan]] page may also be useful.		More information is available in the [https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/45145 UN report (1988)], and in other references listed below. Some of the information in the [[Hydrogeology of Sudan \| Hydrogeology of Sudan]] page may also be useful.

	[[File:SouthSudan_Geology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Geology of South Sudan at 1:5 million scale. Based on map described by Persits et al. 2002/Furon and Lombard 1964. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geology \| geology resource page]]. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map].]]		[[File:SouthSudan_Geology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Geology of South Sudan at 1:5 million scale. Based on map described by Persits et al. 2002/Furon and Lombard 1964. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geology \| geology resource page]]. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the South Sudan geology and hydrogeology map].]]

LaurenGiles: /* Compilers */ typo in bibliographic reference link

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Compilers: typo in bibliographic reference link

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	Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.		Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.

	Bibliographic reference: Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of South Sudan. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/~~Hydrogeology_of_Souht_Sudan~~		Bibliographic reference: Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of South Sudan. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_South_Sudan

	==Terms and conditions==		==Terms and conditions==

Beod: /* References */

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References

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	African Development Bank Group. 2013. [https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/south-sudan/infrastructure-action-plan-in-south-sudan-a-program-for-sustained-strong-economic-growth/ South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan. A Program for Sustained Strong Economic Growth].		African Development Bank Group. 2013. [https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/south-sudan/infrastructure-action-plan-in-south-sudan-a-program-for-sustained-strong-economic-growth/ South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan. A Program for Sustained Strong Economic Growth].
	In this report, ''see the following chapters particularly'':		: ''In this report, see the following chapters particularly'':

	: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%205%20-%20Lands%20and%20Water%20Resource%20Management.pdf Chapter 5: Lands and Water Resource Management]		: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%205%20-%20Lands%20and%20Water%20Resource%20Management.pdf Chapter 5: Lands and Water Resource Management]
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	GRAS (Geological Research Authority of the Sudan). 1981. [https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/geological-map-sudan Geological map of Sudan]. Scale 1:10,000,000		GRAS (Geological Research Authority of the Sudan). 1981. [https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/geological-map-sudan Geological map of Sudan]. Scale 1:10,000,000

			''Groundwater Development Reports from'' [https://groundwater-relief.org/ Groundwater Relief]

			: Burrows, G., Mannix, N., Sir, B., Krom, T. 2016. Bentiu POC Hydrogeological Assessment. Groundwater Relief Report.

			: Burrows, G., Krom, T., Marsili, A., Michel, F. 2014. Hydrogeological Assessment of the Maban Aquifer. Hydrogeologists without Borders (Groundwater Relief) Report.

			: Burrows, G., Odero, D., Wong, H. 2014. PoC3 Camp, Juba, South Sudan – hydrogeological desk study. Hydrogeologists without Borders (Groundwater Relief) Report.

	Hydrogeological map of Sudan, National Corporation for Development of Rural Water Resources, Khartoum, Sudan, 1989		Hydrogeological map of Sudan, National Corporation for Development of Rural Water Resources, Khartoum, Sudan, 1989
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	Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.		Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.

			United Nations. 1988. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049 Groundwater in North and West Africa: Sudan]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa/Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.

	USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]		USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]


	~~Groundwater Development Reports from [https://groundwater-relief.org/ Groundwater Relief]~~

	~~: Burrows, G., Mannix, N., Sir, B., Krom, T. 2016. Bentiu POC Hydrogeological Assessment. Groundwater Relief Report.~~

	~~: Burrows, G., Krom, T., Marsili, A., Michel, F. 2014. Hydrogeological Assessment of the Maban Aquifer. Hydrogeologists without Borders (Groundwater Relief) Report.~~

	~~: Burrows, G., Odero, D., Wong, H. 2014. PoC3 Camp, Juba, South Sudan – hydrogeological desk study. Hydrogeologists without Borders (Groundwater Relief) Report.~~


	United Nations. 1988. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=ViewDetails&id=AGLA060049 Groundwater in North and West Africa: Sudan]. United Nations Department of Technical Cooperation for Development and Economic Commission for Africa/Natural Resources/Water Series No. 18, ST/TCD/5.

Beod at 13:51, 21 October 2022

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	Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.		Please cite this page as: Upton, Ó Dochartaigh and Bellwood-Howard, 2018.

	Bibliographic reference: Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of South Sudan. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ~~http~~://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Souht_Sudan		Bibliographic reference: Upton K, Ó Dochartaigh BÉ and Bellwood-Howard, I. 2018. Africa Groundwater Atlas: Hydrogeology of South Sudan. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Hydrogeology_of_Souht_Sudan

	==Terms and conditions==		==Terms and conditions==
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	\|}		\|}

	<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en FAO Aquastat]		<nowiki>*</nowiki> Source: [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en FAO Aquastat]

	===Climate===		===Climate===
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	\|}		\|}

	These statistics are sourced from [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO Aquastat]. They are the most recent available information in the Aquastat database. More information on the derivation and interpretation of these statistics can be seen on the FAO Aquastat website.		These statistics are sourced from [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm FAO Aquastat]. They are the most recent available information in the Aquastat database. More information on the derivation and interpretation of these statistics can be seen on the FAO Aquastat website.

	Further water and related statistics can be accessed at the [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en Aquastat Main Database].		Further water and related statistics can be accessed at the [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en Aquastat Main Database].

	<sup>1</sup> More information on [~~http~~://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics]		<sup>1</sup> More information on [https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/water_use_agr/index.stm irrigation water use and requirement statistics]

	==Geology==		==Geology==
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	==Groundwater Use and Management==		==Groundwater Use and Management==

	The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation have developed an online ~~Water Information Management System (WIMS), which can be accessed online through the~~ [https://~~www~~.~~waterpointdata~~.org/~~data-sources~~/~~water-information-management-system-wims-developed~~-~~ministry~~-water-~~resources~~-~~and WPDx website~~]		The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation have developed an online [https://data.humdata.org/dataset/south-sudan-water-sanitation-hygiene? Water Information Management System (WIMS)].

	=== Transboundary aquifers===		=== Transboundary aquifers===
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	African Development Bank Group. 2013. [https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/south-sudan/infrastructure-action-plan-in-south-sudan-a-program-for-sustained-strong-economic-growth/ South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan. A Program for Sustained Strong Economic Growth].		African Development Bank Group. 2013. [https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/south-sudan/infrastructure-action-plan-in-south-sudan-a-program-for-sustained-strong-economic-growth/ South Sudan: An Infrastructure Action Plan. A Program for Sustained Strong Economic Growth].
			In this report, ''see the following chapters particularly'':

			: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%205%20-%20Lands%20and%20Water%20Resource%20Management.pdf Chapter 5: Lands and Water Resource Management]

			: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%209%20-%20Water%20Supply%20and%20Sanitation.pdf Chapter 9: Water Supply and Sanitation].

	GRAS (Geological Research Authority of the Sudan). 1981. [https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/geological-map-sudan Geological map of Sudan]. Scale 1:10,000,000		GRAS (Geological Research Authority of the Sudan). 1981. [https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/content/geological-map-sudan Geological map of Sudan]. Scale 1:10,000,000
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	USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]		USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]

	~~''See particularly'':~~

	: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%205%20-%20Lands%20and%20Water%20Resource%20Management.pdf Chapter 5: Lands and Water Resource Management]

	: [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/South%20Sudan%20Infrastructure%20Action%20Plan%20-%20%20A%20Program%20for%20Sustained%20Strong%20Economic%20Growth%20-%20Chapter%209%20-%20Water%20Supply%20and%20Sanitation.pdf Chapter 9: Water Supply and Sanitation].

Beod: /* References */

2022-10-21T13:48:32Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:48, 21 October 2022
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	Shahin, M. 1985. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC Hydrology of the Nile Basin], Elsevier.		Shahin, M. 1985. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC Hydrology of the Nile Basin], Elsevier.

	Schlüter T. 2006. [~~http~~://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-geological-atlas-africa.pdf Geological Atlas of Africa]. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.		Schlüter T. 2006. [https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-geological-atlas-africa.pdf Geological Atlas of Africa]. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York.

	Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.		Worrell GA. 1957. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41710729 A simple introduction to the geology of the Sudan]. Sudan Notes and Records, Vol. 38, pp 2-9. University of Khartoum.

			USAID. 2021. [https://winrock.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/South_Sudan_Country_Profile_Final.pdf South Sudan Water Resources Country Profile]

	''See particularly'':		''See particularly'':
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	Groundwater Development Reports from [~~http~~://groundwater-relief.org/ Groundwater Relief]		Groundwater Development Reports from [https://groundwater-relief.org/ Groundwater Relief]

	: Burrows, G., Mannix, N., Sir, B., Krom, T. 2016. Bentiu POC Hydrogeological Assessment. Groundwater Relief Report.		: Burrows, G., Mannix, N., Sir, B., Krom, T. 2016. Bentiu POC Hydrogeological Assessment. Groundwater Relief Report.

Dbk: Removed protection from "Hydrogeology of South Sudan"

2021-09-21T12:43:08Z

Removed protection from "Hydrogeology of South Sudan"

← Older revision	Revision as of 13:43, 21 September 2021
(No difference)

KirstyUpton at 15:59, 23 September 2019

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	South Sudan’s economy and infrastructure are poorly developed, having suffered decades of civil war. Livelihood activities are dominated by agriculture, particularly traditional stock-raising. The country has significant mineral and oil resources. Oil is the main source of export income, but development of the industry has been complicated by disputes with Sudan, particularly as exports rely on pipelines and other infrastructure in Sudan. Timber is also exported.		South Sudan’s economy and infrastructure are poorly developed, having suffered decades of civil war. Livelihood activities are dominated by agriculture, particularly traditional stock-raising. The country has significant mineral and oil resources. Oil is the main source of export income, but development of the industry has been complicated by disputes with Sudan, particularly as exports rely on pipelines and other infrastructure in Sudan. Timber is also exported.

	South Sudan has relatively high seasonal rainfall, especially in the south, and a number of major rivers flow through the country, including the ~~While~~ Nile. However, water resources are unevenly distributed, water supply infrastructure is poorly developed and access to improved water supplies is low. Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for most of the population, but there has been relatively little investigation of groundwater resources in the country.		South Sudan has relatively high seasonal rainfall, especially in the south, and a number of major rivers flow through the country, including the White Nile. However, water resources are unevenly distributed, water supply infrastructure is poorly developed and access to improved water supplies is low. Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for most of the population, but there has been relatively little investigation of groundwater resources in the country.