Hydrogeology of Tanzania - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Geology references */ geological and geophysical links to geol survey of tanzania. maps no longer available online

2023-12-18T12:38:30Z

Geology references: geological and geophysical links to geol survey of tanzania. maps no longer available online

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 18 December 2023
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	===Geology references===		===Geology references===

	Geological ~~maps published~~ by the Geological Survey of Tanzania. https://www.gst.go.tz/~~mapproducts.html~~		Geological mapping by the Geological Survey of Tanzania. https://www.gst.go.tz/pages/geological-mapping

	~~Geophysical maps published by the Geological Survey of Tanzania. https:~~/~~/www.gst.go.tz/add/map_geophysical.html~~

			Geophysical surveys by the Geological Survey of Tanzania. https://www.gst.go.tz/pages/geophysical-surveys

	===Hydrogeology references===		===Hydrogeology references===

LaurenGiles: /* General online resources */ general info... sadc link

2023-12-18T12:32:58Z

General online resources: general info... sadc link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 18 December 2023
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	[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	[https://www.sadc.int/~~themes/natural-resources~~/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[https://www.sadc.int/pillars/water General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]


	===Geology references===		===Geology references===

Beod: /* Groundwater use and management */

2022-10-24T10:37:39Z

Groundwater use and management

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 24 October 2022
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	A database with a national borehole inventory is maintained by the Directorate of Water Resources of the Ministry of Water, in Dodoma. However, data entry is not consistent: many boreholes have no data recorded and for others the data are incomplete and lack coordinates (Kashaigili 2018). This database recorded 9,242 boreholes as of 2005 (Kashaigili 2018).		A database with a national borehole inventory is maintained by the Directorate of Water Resources of the Ministry of Water, in Dodoma. However, data entry is not consistent: many boreholes have no data recorded and for others the data are incomplete and lack coordinates (Kashaigili 2018). This database recorded 9,242 boreholes as of 2005 (Kashaigili 2018).

			Groundwater monitoring data collected by the Ministry of Water are thought to be held by the Water Resources Division (WRD) (Kashaigili 2018).

	=== Transboundary aquifers===		=== Transboundary aquifers===

Beod at 10:36, 24 October 2022

2022-10-24T10:36:58Z

Show changes

Beod: /* Groundwater use and management */

2022-10-24T10:18:32Z

Groundwater use and management

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 24 October 2022
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	Groundwater is a vital source for both rural and urban water supply schemes in Tanzania. Many cities and towns depend largely on groundwater for public water supply, including Dar es Salaam, Singida, Babati, Arusha, Moshi and Dodoma. Many rural water schemes are also built on groundwater sources. Most sources consist of boreholes with electric or hand pumps.		Groundwater is a vital source for both rural and urban water supply schemes in Tanzania. Many cities and towns depend largely on groundwater for public water supply, including Dar es Salaam, Singida, Babati, Arusha, Moshi and Dodoma. Many rural water schemes are also built on groundwater sources. Most sources consist of boreholes with electric or hand pumps.

	The ~~current~~ volume of groundwater used across Tanzania (1,265,000 m³/day~~) is estimated to be 12% of the total available volume~~. The main uses of groundwater are:		The estimated volume of groundwater used across Tanzania was estimated by the Ministry of Water in 2009 as 1,265,000 m³/day. The main uses of groundwater are (Source: Ministry of Water, 2009):

	*Urban water supply (10% of total volume)		*Urban water supply (10% of total volume)
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	*Other uses including livestock and dry land fishing (28% of total volume)		*Other uses including livestock and dry land fishing (28% of total volume)

	~~Source: Ministry of Water, 2009~~		Most groundwater use for industry is concentrated in urban areas, particularly in Dar es Salaam, where around 80% of Tanzania's industrial activity takes place.

	~~Groundwater~~ use in industry is ~~more~~ concentrated in urban areas, particularly in Dar es Salaam, where around 80% of Tanzania's industrial activity takes place.

	=== Groundwater management===		=== Groundwater management===
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	=== Groundwater monitoring ===		=== Groundwater monitoring ===

	There is currently no national groundwater monitoring programme in Tanzania, but groundwater levels are monitored in several areas of the country, in some places for ~~a very long time~~. Groundwater level monitoring of the Makutapora wellfield in the Dodoma region started in 1955; it continues with ten automatic water level recorders installed in monitoring boreholes in the Makutapora Basin. The Ministry of Water has established groundwater monitoring stations in four basins: Pangani, Wami/Ruvu, Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) and Rufiji. Some of these were established with the support of external organisations, including the World Bank and JICA. Groundwater level monitoring is also done in observation wells in Arusha by the Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority, and in TPC-Moshi. Most of these measurements are taken manually on a daily basis. Project-based groundwater level monitoring, which may only last for the duration of the project, has been carried out in various places, including starting in 2017 the Upper Great Ruaha Basin in the southern Highlands by the [https://grofutures.org/article/groundwater-monitoring-established-in-the-upper-great-ruaha-basin-of-tanzania/ UPGro GroFutures project].		There is currently no national groundwater monitoring programme in Tanzania, but groundwater levels are monitored in several areas of the country, and in some places have been monitored for decades. Groundwater level monitoring of the Makutapora wellfield in the Dodoma region started in 1955; it continues with ten automatic water level recorders installed in monitoring boreholes in the Makutapora Basin. The Ministry of Water has established groundwater monitoring stations in four basins: Pangani, Wami/Ruvu, Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) and Rufiji. Some of these were established with the support of external organisations, including the World Bank and JICA. Groundwater level monitoring is also done in observation wells in Arusha by the Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority, and in TPC-Moshi. Most of these measurements are taken manually on a daily basis. Project-based groundwater level monitoring, which may only last for the duration of the project, has been carried out in various places, including starting in 2017 the Upper Great Ruaha Basin in the southern Highlands by the [https://grofutures.org/article/groundwater-monitoring-established-in-the-upper-great-ruaha-basin-of-tanzania/ UPGro GroFutures project].

	The Ministry of Water, through its nine Lake/River Basins, also has a water quality monitoring network. Each Basin is responsible for the management and operation of its respective monitoring network and monitoring is generally carried out on a quarterly basis. Physical, chemical and biological monitoring is carried out through sampling of the following:		The Ministry of Water, through its nine Lake/River Basins, also has a water quality monitoring network. Each Basin is responsible for the management and operation of its respective monitoring network and monitoring is generally carried out on a quarterly basis. Physical, chemical and biological monitoring is carried out through sampling of the following:
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	=== Transboundary aquifers===		=== Transboundary aquifers===

	The main transboundary aquifers in Tanzania are:		The main transboundary aquifers in Tanzania are:
	*Kagera aquifer (Uganda)		*Kagera aquifer (Uganda)

Beod: /* Groundwater use and management */

2022-10-24T10:15:38Z

Groundwater use and management

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 24 October 2022
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	=== Groundwater use===		=== Groundwater use===

	Groundwater is a vital source for both rural and urban water supply schemes in Tanzania. ~~Towns such as~~ Dar es Salaam, Singida, Babati, Arusha, Moshi and Dodoma ~~depend largely on groundwater for public water supply~~. Many rural water schemes are also built on groundwater sources. Most sources consist of boreholes with electric or hand pumps.		Groundwater is a vital source for both rural and urban water supply schemes in Tanzania. Many cities and towns depend largely on groundwater for public water supply, including Dar es Salaam, Singida, Babati, Arusha, Moshi and Dodoma. Many rural water schemes are also built on groundwater sources. Most sources consist of boreholes with electric or hand pumps.

	The current volume of groundwater used across Tanzania (1,265,000 m³/day) is estimated to be 12% of the total available volume. The main uses of groundwater are:		The current volume of groundwater used across Tanzania (1,265,000 m³/day) is estimated to be 12% of the total available volume. The main uses of groundwater are:
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	=== Groundwater monitoring ===		=== Groundwater monitoring ===

	There is currently no national groundwater monitoring programme in Tanzania, but groundwater levels are monitored in several areas of the country, in some places for a very long time. Groundwater level monitoring of the Makutapora wellfield in the Dodoma region started in 1955; it continues with ten automatic water level recorders installed in monitoring boreholes in the Makutapora Basin. The Ministry of Water has established groundwater monitoring stations in four basins: Pangani, Wami/Ruvu, Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) and Rufiji. Some of these were established with the support of external organisations, including the World Bank and JICA. Groundwater level monitoring is also done in observation wells in Arusha by the Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority, and in TPC-Moshi. Most of these measurements are taken manually on a daily basis. Project-based groundwater level monitoring, which may only last for the duration of the project, has been carried out in various places, including starting in 2017 the Upper Great Ruaha Basin in the southern Highlands by the [~~http~~://grofutures.org/article/groundwater-monitoring-established-in-the-upper-great-ruaha-basin-of-tanzania/ UPGro GroFutures project].		There is currently no national groundwater monitoring programme in Tanzania, but groundwater levels are monitored in several areas of the country, in some places for a very long time. Groundwater level monitoring of the Makutapora wellfield in the Dodoma region started in 1955; it continues with ten automatic water level recorders installed in monitoring boreholes in the Makutapora Basin. The Ministry of Water has established groundwater monitoring stations in four basins: Pangani, Wami/Ruvu, Internal Drainage Basin (IDB) and Rufiji. Some of these were established with the support of external organisations, including the World Bank and JICA. Groundwater level monitoring is also done in observation wells in Arusha by the Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority, and in TPC-Moshi. Most of these measurements are taken manually on a daily basis. Project-based groundwater level monitoring, which may only last for the duration of the project, has been carried out in various places, including starting in 2017 the Upper Great Ruaha Basin in the southern Highlands by the [https://grofutures.org/article/groundwater-monitoring-established-in-the-upper-great-ruaha-basin-of-tanzania/ UPGro GroFutures project].

	The Ministry of Water, through its nine Lake/River Basins, also has a water quality monitoring network. Each Basin is responsible for the management and operation of its respective monitoring network and monitoring is generally carried out on a quarterly basis. Physical, chemical and biological monitoring is carried out through sampling of the following:		The Ministry of Water, through its nine Lake/River Basins, also has a water quality monitoring network. Each Basin is responsible for the management and operation of its respective monitoring network and monitoring is generally carried out on a quarterly basis. Physical, chemical and biological monitoring is carried out through sampling of the following:

Beod: /* Groundwater use and management */

2021-09-21T12:40:43Z

Groundwater use and management

@@ Line 424: / Line 424: @@
 *9 Lake/River Basin Water Boards – act as a point for data collection, assessment, monitoring and management;
 *Drilling and Dam Construction Agency – responsible for government agency drilling of boreholes;
 * Higher Learning Institutions – responsible for providing groundwater water related courses:
 **University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM)
 **Ardhi University
 **Sokoine University of Agriculture and Water Development and Management Institute (Formerly Rwegulurila Water Institute)
 === Transboundary aquifers===
@@ Line 439: / Line 452: @@
 For more general information about transboundary aquifers, please see the [[Transboundary aquifers | Transboundary aquifers resource page]]
 ==References==

Beod at 12:25, 21 September 2021

2021-09-21T12:25:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 21 September 2021
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	==Geology==		==Geology==

	This section provides a summary of the geology of Tanzania. More detail can be found in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the [http://~~www~~.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].		This section provides a summary of the geology of Tanzania. More detail can be found in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the [http://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].

	The geology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the geology of Tanzania at a national scale (see the [[Geology \| Geology resource page]] for more details).		The geology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the geology of Tanzania at a national scale (see the [[Geology \| Geology resource page]] for more details).
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	==Hydrogeology==		==Hydrogeology==

	This section provides a summary of the hydrogeology of the main aquifers in Tanzania. More information is available in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the [http://~~www~~.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].		This section provides a summary of the hydrogeology of the main aquifers in Tanzania. More information is available in the references listed at the bottom of this page. Many of these references can be accessed through the [http://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].

	The hydrogeology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the type and productivity of the main aquifers in Tanzania, at 1:5,000,000 scale (see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map resource page]] for more details).		The hydrogeology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the type and productivity of the main aquifers in Tanzania, at 1:5,000,000 scale (see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map resource page]] for more details).
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	[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map'''].		[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	Tanzania is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://~~ggis.un~~-~~igrac~~.org/~~ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default~~ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].		Tanzania is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal].


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	==References==		==References==

	Many of the references below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Tanzania, can be seen in the [https://~~www~~.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=TZ&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].		Many of the references below, and others relating to the hydrogeology of Tanzania, can be seen in the [https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/africaGroundwaterAtlas/atlas.cfc?method=listResults&title_search=&author_search=&category_search=&country_search=TZ&placeboolean=AND&singlecountry=1 Africa Groundwater Literature Archive].

	===General online resources===		===General online resources===

	[https://~~ggis.un~~-~~igrac~~.org/~~ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default~~ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]		[https://sadc-gip.org/ SADC Groundwater Information Portal]

	[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]		[http://www.sadc.int/themes/natural-resources/water/ General information on surface water and groundwater resources in SADC]
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			Return to: [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]]

	<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->		<!-- PLEASE DO NOT DELETE BELOW THIS LINE -->
	[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|t]]		[[Category:Hydrogeology by country\|t]]
	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]

Dbk: Removed protection from "Hydrogeology of Tanzania"

2020-01-07T11:16:56Z

Removed protection from "Hydrogeology of Tanzania"

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:16, 7 January 2020
(No difference)

Beod at 11:07, 2 September 2019

2019-09-02T11:07:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 2 September 2019
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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Tanzania		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Hydrogeology by country \| Hydrogeology by country]] >> Hydrogeology of Tanzania

			[[File:CC-BY-SA_logo_88x31.png \| frame \| This work is licensed under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License]]]

	The area of present-day Tanzania has been inhabited since pre-historic times, first by hunter-gatherers, and since at least 2000 years ago by farmers. Travellers and traders from the Persian Gulf and India began visiting coastal areas in the early 1st millennium AD, and Arab trading posts were set up long before the 14th century. Portugal took control of some coastal areas and parts of Zanzibar from the 15th century, before Omani Arabs claimed Zanzibar in the mid 19th century, which subsequently played an important role in Arab-controlled slave and spice trades. The mainland part of Tanzania was part of German East Africa from 1884, while Britain took control of Zanzibar. After World War I, the part of German East Africa that became Tanzania (then called Tanganyika) was claimed by Britain. Tanganyika became independent in 1961, and Zanzibar in 1963, and they merged in 1964 to become Tanzania.		The area of present-day Tanzania has been inhabited since pre-historic times, first by hunter-gatherers, and since at least 2000 years ago by farmers. Travellers and traders from the Persian Gulf and India began visiting coastal areas in the early 1st millennium AD, and Arab trading posts were set up long before the 14th century. Portugal took control of some coastal areas and parts of Zanzibar from the 15th century, before Omani Arabs claimed Zanzibar in the mid 19th century, which subsequently played an important role in Arab-controlled slave and spice trades. The mainland part of Tanzania was part of German East Africa from 1884, while Britain took control of Zanzibar. After World War I, the part of German East Africa that became Tanzania (then called Tanganyika) was claimed by Britain. Tanganyika became independent in 1961, and Zanzibar in 1963, and they merged in 1964 to become Tanzania.
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	The geology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the geology of Tanzania at a national scale (see the [[Geology \| Geology resource page]] for more details).		The geology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the geology of Tanzania at a national scale (see the [[Geology \| Geology resource page]] for more details).

			[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	Other geological maps at various scales are produced by the [http://www.gst.go.tz/ Geological Survey of Tanzania], which hosts a [http://www.gmis-tanzania.com/ '''Geological and Mineral Information System'''] that shows paper geological maps available for sale, and also provides a '''digital geology map''' at a scale of 1:2 million, which is downloadable in shapefile format.		Other geological maps at various scales are produced by the [http://www.gst.go.tz/ Geological Survey of Tanzania], which hosts a [http://www.gmis-tanzania.com/ '''Geological and Mineral Information System'''] that shows paper geological maps available for sale, and also provides a '''digital geology map''' at a scale of 1:2 million, which is downloadable in shapefile format.


	[[File:Tanzania_Geology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 400px \| Geology of Tanzania at 1:5 million scale. Based on map described by Persits et al. 2002/Furon and Lombard 1964. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geology \| geology resource page]].]]		[[File:Tanzania_Geology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 400px \| Geology of Tanzania at 1:5 million scale. Based on map described by Persits et al. 2002/Furon and Lombard 1964. For more information on the map development and datasets see the [[Geology \| geology resource page]]. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map].]]

	{\| class = "wikitable"		{\| class = "wikitable"
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	The hydrogeology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the type and productivity of the main aquifers in Tanzania, at 1:5,000,000 scale (see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map resource page]] for more details).		The hydrogeology map on this page shows a simplified overview of the type and productivity of the main aquifers in Tanzania, at 1:5,000,000 scale (see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map resource page]] for more details).

			[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html '''Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map'''].

	Tanzania is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://ggis.un-igrac.org/ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default SADC Groundwater Information Portal].		Tanzania is also covered by the SADC hydrogeological map and atlas (2010), available through the [https://ggis.un-igrac.org/ggis-viewer/viewer/sadcgip/public/default SADC Groundwater Information Portal].


	[[File:Tanzania_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Map of hydrogeology (aquifer type and productivity) of Tanzania at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page]].		[[File:Tanzania_Hydrogeology3.png \| center \| thumb\| 500px \| Map of hydrogeology (aquifer type and productivity) of Tanzania at 1:5 million scale. For more information on how the map was developed see the [[Africa Groundwater Atlas Hydrogeology Maps \| Hydrogeology map]] resource page. [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/downloadGIS.html Download a GIS shapefile of the Tanzania geology and hydrogeology map].]].