Hydrogeology of Tunisia - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater use */ removed SEMIDE link

2024-01-23T10:12:06Z

Groundwater use: removed SEMIDE link

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 23 January 2024
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	Irrigation in Tunisia uses 2.14 billion m³/year (data from 2012), of which 74% comes from groundwater. Much irrigation is based on a system of family farms using thousands of shallow wells, many of which are uncontrolled by the Ministry of Agriculture. This is leading to aquifer over-exploitation, especially as wells and boreholes are increasingly converted to use electric pumps.		Irrigation in Tunisia uses 2.14 billion m³/year (data from 2012), of which 74% comes from groundwater. Much irrigation is based on a system of family farms using thousands of shallow wells, many of which are uncontrolled by the Ministry of Agriculture. This is leading to aquifer over-exploitation, especially as wells and boreholes are increasingly converted to use electric pumps.

	The Tunisian government portal of the Euro-Mediterranean information system on know-how in the water sector (~~[https://www.semide.net/fr~~ SEMIDE]) gives the following estimate of Tunisia’s groundwater potential and abstraction rate:		The Tunisian government portal of the Euro-Mediterranean information system on know-how in the water sector (SEMIDE) gives the following estimate of Tunisia’s groundwater potential and abstraction rate:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater management */ revised version of the law semide link removed

2024-01-23T10:10:06Z

Groundwater management: revised version of the law semide link removed

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 23 January 2024
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	The [https://www.sonede.com.tn/ '''Société National d’Exploitation et de Distribution des Eaux (SONEDE)'''] / National Water Distribution Utility. This institution has resposibility for exploiting and distributing domestic water supplies.		The [https://www.sonede.com.tn/ '''Société National d’Exploitation et de Distribution des Eaux (SONEDE)'''] / National Water Distribution Utility. This institution has resposibility for exploiting and distributing domestic water supplies.

	The legal framework for groundwater management falls under the Law No. 16-75 of 31 March 1975 on the promulgation of the Water Code. A ~~[https://www.semide.tn/CDE072014.pd~~ revised version of the Law] is under preparation.		The legal framework for groundwater management falls under the Law No. 16-75 of 31 March 1975 on the promulgation of the Water Code. A revised version of the Law is under preparation.

	A permit from the DGRE is required for drilling any borehole or well exceeding 50 m in depth. Private abstraction from shallow aquifers less than 50 m deep is not regulated, and as a result, many are over-exploited.		A permit from the DGRE is required for drilling any borehole or well exceeding 50 m in depth. Private abstraction from shallow aquifers less than 50 m deep is not regulated, and as a result, many are over-exploited.

LaurenGiles: /* References */ Gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines... link

2023-12-19T09:18:24Z

References: Gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines... link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 19 December 2023
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	===References ===		===References ===

	Agence Française de Développement. [https://www.~~cmimarseille~~.org/~~sites~~/~~default~~/~~files/newsite/library/files/fr/Etude%20Eaux%20Souterraines%20Tunisie~~.pdf Gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines comme biens communs]. Cas Tunisien (rédigé par SCET Tunisie)		Agence Française de Développement. [https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/afd_technical_sheet_management_of_groundwater_resources_as_commons_2016.pdf Gestion des ressources en eaux souterraines comme biens communs]. Cas Tunisien (rédigé par SCET Tunisie)

	Ben Ammar S, Zouari K, Leduc C et M'barek J. 2006. Caractérisation isotopique de la relation barrage-nappe dans le bassin du Merguellil (plaine de Kairouan, Tunisie centrale). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 51, 2, 272- 284.		Ben Ammar S, Zouari K, Leduc C et M'barek J. 2006. Caractérisation isotopique de la relation barrage-nappe dans le bassin du Merguellil (plaine de Kairouan, Tunisie centrale). Hydrological Sciences Journal, 51, 2, 272- 284.

LaurenGiles: /* References */ DGRE 2004 link

2023-12-19T09:16:28Z

References: DGRE 2004 link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 19 December 2023
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	Cary L, Casanova J, Mekni A, Gaaloul N, Guerrot C et Petelet-Giraud E. 2013. [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772743/document Effect of artificial recharge by treated wastewater on the quality of the Korba coastal aquifer (Cape Bon, Tunisia): insights from Boron isotopes].		Cary L, Casanova J, Mekni A, Gaaloul N, Guerrot C et Petelet-Giraud E. 2013. [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772743/document Effect of artificial recharge by treated wastewater on the quality of the Korba coastal aquifer (Cape Bon, Tunisia): insights from Boron isotopes].

	DGRE (Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau). 2004. [https://~~www~~.~~hydrosciences.fr~~/~~Sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/annales/TN~~/2003-~~2004~~.~~pdf~~ Annuaire Hydrologique de Tunisie 2003-2004].		DGRE (Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau). 2004. [https://dokumen.tips/documents/annuaire-hydrologique-de-tunisie-2003-annuaire-hydrologique-de-tunisie-.html?page=1 Annuaire Hydrologique de Tunisie 2003-2004].

	Ecole nationale d’ingénieurs de Sfax. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313314813_Mapping_Groundwater_Resources_Tunisia Mapping groundwater resources: Tunisia].		Ecole nationale d’ingénieurs de Sfax. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313314813_Mapping_Groundwater_Resources_Tunisia Mapping groundwater resources: Tunisia].

LaurenGiles: /* References */ Mapping groundwater resources tunisia link

2023-12-19T09:14:20Z

References: Mapping groundwater resources tunisia link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 19 December 2023
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	DGRE (Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau). 2004. [https://www.hydrosciences.fr/Sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/annales/TN/2003-2004.pdf Annuaire Hydrologique de Tunisie 2003-2004].		DGRE (Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau). 2004. [https://www.hydrosciences.fr/Sierem/Bibliotheque/biblio/annales/TN/2003-2004.pdf Annuaire Hydrologique de Tunisie 2003-2004].

	Ecole nationale d’ingénieurs de Sfax. [https://~~edusfax~~.~~com~~/~~sfaxreader~~/~~english/2004Groundwater.pdf~~ Mapping groundwater resources: Tunisia].		Ecole nationale d’ingénieurs de Sfax. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313314813_Mapping_Groundwater_Resources_Tunisia Mapping groundwater resources: Tunisia].

	Elloumi M. 2016. [https://gw-mena.iwmi.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/04/Rep.7-Groundwater-governance-in-Tunisia_final_cover.pdf La Gouvernance des eax souterraines en Tunisie]. IWMI Project Report No. 7: Groundwater Governance in the Arab World.		Elloumi M. 2016. [https://gw-mena.iwmi.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/04/Rep.7-Groundwater-governance-in-Tunisia_final_cover.pdf La Gouvernance des eax souterraines en Tunisie]. IWMI Project Report No. 7: Groundwater Governance in the Arab World.

LaurenGiles: /* References */ Systeme hydraulique de la tunisie a l'horizon 2030 link

2023-12-19T09:12:41Z

References: Systeme hydraulique de la tunisie a l'horizon 2030 link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:12, 19 December 2023
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	[https://ste.tn/fr/entreprise/semide-systeme-euro-mediterraneen-dinformation-dans-le-domaine-de-leau SEMIDE] (Systeme Euro Méditerranéen de l'Information sur les savoir-faire dans le Domaine de l'Eau). Carte des Ressources en Eau en Tunisie. https://www.semide.tn/loupe.htm		[https://ste.tn/fr/entreprise/semide-systeme-euro-mediterraneen-dinformation-dans-le-domaine-de-leau SEMIDE] (Systeme Euro Méditerranéen de l'Information sur les savoir-faire dans le Domaine de l'Eau). Carte des Ressources en Eau en Tunisie. https://www.semide.tn/loupe.htm

	Tunisian Institute for Strategic Studies. 2014. [https://www.~~onagri~~.nat.tn/~~uploads~~/~~Etudes~~/~~SYSTEME~~-~~HYDROLIQUE~~-DE-LA-~~TUNISIE~~-A-~~LHORIZON~~-2030~~.pdf~~ Système Hydraulique de la Tunisie à l’horizon 2030].		Tunisian Institute for Strategic Studies. 2014. [https://www.bibliotheque.nat.tn/KHNU/doc/SYRACUSE/1571971/systeme-hydraulique-de-la-tunisie-a-l-horizon-2030?_lg=fr-FR Système Hydraulique de la Tunisie à l’horizon 2030].

	Zebidi H. 1991. Carte des Ressources en Eau de la Tunisie; echelle 1:500,000. Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau.		Zebidi H. 1991. Carte des Ressources en Eau de la Tunisie; echelle 1:500,000. Direction Generale des Ressources en Eau.

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater management */ ONAS link

2023-12-19T09:08:37Z

Groundwater management: ONAS link

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:08, 19 December 2023
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	There is strict regulation of waste disposal or polluted water discharge, but in some cases overruns can occur.		There is strict regulation of waste disposal or polluted water discharge, but in some cases overruns can occur.

	Domestic water is treated by the [https://www.onas.nat.tn ONAS (Office National d’Assanissement)] / National Sanitation Utility.		Domestic water is treated by the [https://www.onas.nat.tn/Fr/index.php?code=3 ONAS (Office National d’Assanissement)] / National Sanitation Utility.

	Irrigation schemes are managed by Agricultural Development Groups, of which there were over 2800 in 2009. A minority of these deal only with groundwater irrigation.		Irrigation schemes are managed by Agricultural Development Groups, of which there were over 2800 in 2009. A minority of these deal only with groundwater irrigation.

LaurenGiles: /* Groundwater use */ SEMIDE link

2023-12-18T12:55:26Z

Groundwater use: SEMIDE link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:55, 18 December 2023
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	Irrigation in Tunisia uses 2.14 billion m³/year (data from 2012), of which 74% comes from groundwater. Much irrigation is based on a system of family farms using thousands of shallow wells, many of which are uncontrolled by the Ministry of Agriculture. This is leading to aquifer over-exploitation, especially as wells and boreholes are increasingly converted to use electric pumps.		Irrigation in Tunisia uses 2.14 billion m³/year (data from 2012), of which 74% comes from groundwater. Much irrigation is based on a system of family farms using thousands of shallow wells, many of which are uncontrolled by the Ministry of Agriculture. This is leading to aquifer over-exploitation, especially as wells and boreholes are increasingly converted to use electric pumps.

	The Tunisian government portal of the Euro-Mediterranean information system on know-how in the water sector ([https://www.semide.tn/ SEMIDE]) gives the following estimate of Tunisia’s groundwater potential and abstraction rate:		The Tunisian government portal of the Euro-Mediterranean information system on know-how in the water sector ([https://www.semide.net/fr SEMIDE]) gives the following estimate of Tunisia’s groundwater potential and abstraction rate:

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

LaurenGiles: /* Complex Terminal and Continental Intercalaire (Sedimentary - Intergranular (including unconsolidated) & Mixed Intergranular/Fracture Flow) */ OSS link - I give up!

2023-12-18T12:50:29Z

Complex Terminal and Continental Intercalaire (Sedimentary - Intergranular (including unconsolidated) & Mixed Intergranular/Fracture Flow): OSS link - I give up!

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 18 December 2023
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	Key references for the Complex Terminal aquifer are (see Hydrogeology: Key References, below, for more details):		Key references for the Complex Terminal aquifer are (see Hydrogeology: Key References, below, for more details):

	[www.oss-online.org OSS]		[https://www.oss-online.org OSS]

	Kamel et al (2005).		Kamel et al (2005).

LaurenGiles: /* Complex Terminal and Continental Intercalaire (Sedimentary - Intergranular (including unconsolidated) & Mixed Intergranular/Fracture Flow) */ OSS link

2023-12-18T12:50:06Z

Complex Terminal and Continental Intercalaire (Sedimentary - Intergranular (including unconsolidated) & Mixed Intergranular/Fracture Flow): OSS link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:50, 18 December 2023
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	Key references for the Complex Terminal aquifer are (see Hydrogeology: Key References, below, for more details):		Key references for the Complex Terminal aquifer are (see Hydrogeology: Key References, below, for more details):

	[~~https://~~www.oss-online.org OSS]		[www.oss-online.org OSS]

	Kamel et al (2005).		Kamel et al (2005).