Kingsley Charles Dunham Sir - Revision history

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Publications

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	[https://envirolib.apps.nerc.ac.uk/olibcgi?infile=authk.glue&style=authk&nh=20&calling_page=hitlist.glu&key=79422 277 works in the BGS Library catalogue]		[https://envirolib.apps.nerc.ac.uk/olibcgi?infile=authk.glue&style=authk&nh=20&calling_page=hitlist.glu&key=79422 277 works in the BGS Library catalogue]

	[[~~File~~:KingsleyDunhamBibliography.pdf\|Kingsley Charles Dunham — Bibliography]]		[[Media:KingsleyDunhamBibliography.pdf\|Kingsley Charles Dunham — Bibliography]]

	== BGS archives ==		== BGS archives ==

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Publications

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	[https://envirolib.apps.nerc.ac.uk/olibcgi?infile=authk.glue&style=authk&nh=20&calling_page=hitlist.glu&key=79422 277 works in the BGS Library catalogue]		[https://envirolib.apps.nerc.ac.uk/olibcgi?infile=authk.glue&style=authk&nh=20&calling_page=hitlist.glu&key=79422 277 works in the BGS Library catalogue]

			[[File:KingsleyDunhamBibliography.pdf\|Kingsley Charles Dunham — Bibliography]]

	== BGS archives ==		== BGS archives ==

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Biographies and obituaries

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	Sabine P. Dunham, Sir Kingsley Charles Oxford Dictionary of National Biography https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/75702		Sabine P. Dunham, Sir Kingsley Charles Oxford Dictionary of National Biography https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/75702

			[https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/About/History/Obituaries-2001-onwards/Obituaries-2001/Sir-Kingsley-Charles-Dunham-1910-2001 Sir Kingsley Charles Dunham, 1910 - 2001] Obituaries. Geological Society of London

	== Publications ==		== Publications ==

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Kingsley Charles Dunham as Director of the Survey

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	== Kingsley Charles Dunham as Director of the Survey ==		== Kingsley Charles Dunham as Director of the Survey ==
	'''
	Extract from: From: Wilson, H.E. Down to earth - one hundred and fifty years of the British Geological Survey. Edinburgh:Scottish Academic Press, 1985. [In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors]'''		'''Extract from: From: Wilson, H.E. Down to earth - one hundred and fifty years of the British Geological Survey. Edinburgh:Scottish Academic Press, 1985. [In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors]'''

	He was succeeded by Kingsley Charles Dunham who had left the Survey in 1950 for the Chair of Geology in Durham. Dunham was a very extrovert character who had been much involved in geological 'politics' over the previous decade as a member of the Geological Survey Board, President of the Geological Society, a member of the Council for Scientific Policy, and a council member of the Royal Society. He became Director at the time when the 'white heat of technical innovation', as propounded by Prime Minister Harold Wilson, was at its peak and, for a few years, Government funding of scientific projects allowed a dramatic increase in scientific work, including geological research.		He was succeeded by Kingsley Charles Dunham who had left the Survey in 1950 for the Chair of Geology in Durham. Dunham was a very extrovert character who had been much involved in geological 'politics' over the previous decade as a member of the Geological Survey Board, President of the Geological Society, a member of the Council for Scientific Policy, and a council member of the Royal Society. He became Director at the time when the 'white heat of technical innovation', as propounded by Prime Minister Harold Wilson, was at its peak and, for a few years, Government funding of scientific projects allowed a dramatic increase in scientific work, including geological research.

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	When offered the post of Professor in 1950, he could not resist a move back to his former department at Durham. During this time he expanded the department and worked with industry on both the North Pennines and the Permian evaporites of north-east England. In 1967 he accepted the post as Director of the Geological Survey (then called the Institute of Geological Sciences after being attached to NERC). His time as Director saw great expansion of the Geological Survey with staff numbers around 1200. He was a prolific author of more than 100 papers and was presented with numerous scientific accolades with the civil accolade of a knighthood in 1972. He retired in 1975, but never gave up his studies of the Pennines and in 1985, with A A Wilson, published the Geology of the North Pennine Orefield Volume. 2 covering the area north of Settle to Stainmore; he also revised Volume 1, which was republished in 1990. His son Ansell Dunham born in 1938 was also a geologist, the Professor of Industrial Mineralogy at Hull University. Sadly both his wife and son died in 1998 followed by Sir Kingsley a few years later in 2001.		When offered the post of Professor in 1950, he could not resist a move back to his former department at Durham. During this time he expanded the department and worked with industry on both the North Pennines and the Permian evaporites of north-east England. In 1967 he accepted the post as Director of the Geological Survey (then called the Institute of Geological Sciences after being attached to NERC). His time as Director saw great expansion of the Geological Survey with staff numbers around 1200. He was a prolific author of more than 100 papers and was presented with numerous scientific accolades with the civil accolade of a knighthood in 1972. He retired in 1975, but never gave up his studies of the Pennines and in 1985, with A A Wilson, published the Geology of the North Pennine Orefield Volume. 2 covering the area north of Settle to Stainmore; he also revised Volume 1, which was republished in 1990. His son Ansell Dunham born in 1938 was also a geologist, the Professor of Industrial Mineralogy at Hull University. Sadly both his wife and son died in 1998 followed by Sir Kingsley a few years later in 2001.

			== Kingsley Charles Dunham as Director of the Survey ==
			'''
			Extract from: From: Wilson, H.E. Down to earth - one hundred and fifty years of the British Geological Survey. Edinburgh:Scottish Academic Press, 1985. [In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors In all directions: developments under Sir Henry's fourteen successors]'''

			He was succeeded by Kingsley Charles Dunham who had left the Survey in 1950 for the Chair of Geology in Durham. Dunham was a very extrovert character who had been much involved in geological 'politics' over the previous decade as a member of the Geological Survey Board, President of the Geological Society, a member of the Council for Scientific Policy, and a council member of the Royal Society. He became Director at the time when the 'white heat of technical innovation', as propounded by Prime Minister Harold Wilson, was at its peak and, for a few years, Government funding of scientific projects allowed a dramatic increase in scientific work, including geological research.

			The assimilation of the home and overseas surveys continued, a number of outside groups, particularly in geophysics, were incorporated, and the effects of commissioned research began to be significant in the early years of the Dunham era.

			In 1968 Steve Buchan was made Deputy Director and the new Divisional organisation of IGS had four field divisions — two in England and Wales, one in Scotland and Northern Ireland and one Overseas — and three specialist divisions — Geochemical, Geophysical and Mineral Resources, — plus Museum, Hydrogeological, Palaentological and Petrographical Departments and, a legacy from Overseas Geological Surveys, an Editorial and Publications Unit. At this stage Overseas Division and Mineral Resources Division were headed by Senior Principal Scientific Officers, the old District Geologist grade having been incorporated into the Scientific Civil Service grading.

			Since the end of DSIR the Geological Survey Board had disappeared but for five years there was an outside 'buffer' between the Director and NERC in the form of a Geology and Geophysics Advisory Committee, until it was abolished in 1970. In 1971 Dunham established a Director's Advisory Committee of representatives from Industry, the Universities and Government Departments, to monitor IGS programmes. This group of distinguished and influential people was a useful forum for discussion but had no teeth, and no influence with NERC, who were,increasingly intolerant of outside advice.

			In 1969 the Head of Overseas Division was raised to Assistant Director rank and in 1972 a seventh AD post was approved as Head of a new Special Services Division, which included the four separate departments mentioned above, while the Head of Mineral Resources Division became an Assistant Director in 1973, when a new Mineral Statistics and Economics Unit was formed to join the existing Mineral Intelligence and Mineral Assessment Units.

			In 1974 the two Continental Shelf Units were transferred from their Field Divisions to the Geophysics Division, now retitled Continental Shelf and Geophysics, but this only lasted until 1976 when the Shelf Units and Marine Geophysics were transferred to a new Continental Shelf Division. At the same time the Special Services Division was broken up. Hydrogeology and the remaining geophysical units became Geophysics and Hydrogeology Division, Petrology was transferred to the Geochemistry and Petrography Division, and the Museum joined Mineral Resources in a retitled Minerals Strategy and Museum Division.

			The euphoria of the early years of Dunham's directorate began to cool with the implementation of the Rothschild 'reforms' and by 1973 he was spelling out, in his Annual Report, the dangers of the new system of commissioned research as applied to IGS:

			The transfer of additional programmes could only bring under their (outside Departmental sponsors) control parts of the basic or "strategic" work of the Institute, a possibility not really contemplated in the White Paper.

			In his final report, for 1975, Dunham said: 'it is important that this process should not be carried so far that the whole health of the organisation is threatened, as it would be if the whole programme had to be devoted to short term ad hoc investigations' — and, the first published comment on the new dispensation, the complexities of financing call for an excessive emphasis upon financial rather than technical control, and upon administrative direction rather than on scientific leadership'.

			Dunham was a good Director whose initial enthusiasm for a much more comprehensive organisation was quenched by the realisation that the commercial outlook forced upon his extended Survey was going to be painful, if not traumatic.

			Dunham was succeeded in 1976 by Austin Woodland who had been Deputy Director since 1971. Woodland was a traditional field geologist who had spent many of his early years mapping the South Wales Coalfield and whose evidence was important in the enquiry into the Aberfan disaster in the sixties. He was not wholly sympathetic with some of the directions in which the Institute had expanded over the previous decade and left NERC headquarters in no doubt about his views.
	[[Category:Pioneers of the British Geological Survey]]		[[Category:Pioneers of the British Geological Survey]]

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BGS archives

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	\| KCD/I/3/4 \|\| Copy of a pencil sketch of Kingsley Dunham \|\|		\| KCD/I/3/4 \|\| Copy of a pencil sketch of Kingsley Dunham \|\|
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			== Sir Kingsley Charles Dunham 1910-2001 ==

			'''Extract with permission of the author from: Cooper A.H. Yorkshire geology as seen through the eyes of notable British Geological Survey geologists 1862-200046-67 in Myerscough, R and Wallace, V. Famous Geologists of Yorkshire. York. ISBN 978-1-906604-58-5. [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/514376/1/Cooper%202016%20Yorkshire%20geology%20by%20notable%20British%20Geological%20Survey%20geologists%20NORA.pdf PDF on NORA]'''

			The son of an estate manager, Kingsley Dunham gained his education at Durham Johnston School, moving on to Hatfield College at Durham University. A talented musician he gained an organ scholarship and played the organ at his college. He had intended to read Chemistry, but came under the spell of Professor Arthur Holmes a renowned geologist and changed to a degree in geology. On graduation he continued with Arthur Holmes supervising his PhD (gained in 1932) on the distribution of vein minerals in the Northern Pennine Orefield, a topic he studied for the rest of his life. After a brief spell at Harvard University and the New Mexico Bureau of Mines he returned to England in 1934 to join the Geological Survey.

			He worked initially around Chepstow, then in south Cumbria investigating the hematite ores of that area. During the Second World War, he was engaged on detailed investigations of the mineral resources of his former field area, the Northern Pennines (with the help of a Canadian Army drilling rig and crew). During the war he identified a forthcoming shortage of the mineral fluorspar, essential for iron ore smelting and helped look for further resources to support the war effort. While based in London he was also a Captain in the Home Guard in charge of E company, 4th Battalion. His wartime work in northern England culminated in the publication of The Geology of the Northern Pennine Orefield, Volume 1, 1948 an encyclopaedic account of the origin and development of the mineral field between the Tyne Valley and Stainmore. He was awarded an Honorary D.Sc. by Durham University in 1946 and became Chief Petrographer of the Survey in 1948.

			When offered the post of Professor in 1950, he could not resist a move back to his former department at Durham. During this time he expanded the department and worked with industry on both the North Pennines and the Permian evaporites of north-east England. In 1967 he accepted the post as Director of the Geological Survey (then called the Institute of Geological Sciences after being attached to NERC). His time as Director saw great expansion of the Geological Survey with staff numbers around 1200. He was a prolific author of more than 100 papers and was presented with numerous scientific accolades with the civil accolade of a knighthood in 1972. He retired in 1975, but never gave up his studies of the Pennines and in 1985, with A A Wilson, published the Geology of the North Pennine Orefield Volume. 2 covering the area north of Settle to Stainmore; he also revised Volume 1, which was republished in 1990. His son Ansell Dunham born in 1938 was also a geologist, the Professor of Industrial Mineralogy at Hull University. Sadly both his wife and son died in 1998 followed by Sir Kingsley a few years later in 2001.
	[[Category:Pioneers of the British Geological Survey]]		[[Category:Pioneers of the British Geological Survey]]

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			{{Pioneers}}
	== Images ==		== Images ==
	<gallery>		<gallery>

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BGS archives

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	\| KCD/A/1/3/16 \|\| 'Crowning moment of King Dunham's career \|\| Three newspaper cuttings commemerating Dunham's 75th birthday. Papers not known		\| KCD/A/1/3/16 \|\| 'Crowning moment of King Dunham's career \|\| Three newspaper cuttings commemerating Dunham's 75th birthday. Papers not known
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Timeline

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	\| 1935 \|\| Joined Survey Geologist		\| 1935 \|\| Joined Survey Geologist
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1946 \|\| ~~Pricipal~~ Geologist and Head of Petrographic Department		\| 1946 \|\| Principal Geologist and Head of Petrographic Department
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1950\|\| Professor of Geology Durham University		\| 1950\|\| Professor of Geology Durham University

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Timeline

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	File:P008777.jpg\| K.C. Dunham in centre.		File:P008777.jpg\| K.C. Dunham in centre.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			== Kingsley Charles Dunham ==
			Kingsley Charles Dunham was born in Sturminster, Dorset on 2 January 1910. He went to the University of Durham in 1927 planning to read chemistry but transferred to geology. He was awarded his BSc in 1930 and his PhD in 1932. Dunham went to Harvard in 1932 and was awarded an MS in 1933 and SD in 1935. He Joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1935 and by 1946 was Principal Geologist and Head of the Petrographic Department. In 1950 he was appointed Professor of Geology at the University of Durham. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955 and was President of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 1958-59. In 1967 he became Director of the Institute of Geological Sciences, a post which he held until 1975. Dunham was Knighted in 1972. He died on 5 April 2001 at the age of 91. His son Ansel (1938-1998) was Professor of Geology at the University of Hull and later Leicester University.

	== Timeline ==		== Timeline ==
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	\| 1930\|\| 1st Class degree Durham University		\| 1930\|\| 1st Class degree Durham University
	\|-		\|-
	\| \|\| Harvard University ~~Masters degree~~		\| 1932 \|\| PhD Durham University
			\|-
			\| 1933 \|\| MS Harvard University
			\|-
			\| 1935 \|\| Joined Survey Geologist
			\|-
			\| 1946 \|\| Pricipal Geologist and Head of Petrographic Department
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1950\|\| Professor of Geology Durham University		\| 1950\|\| Professor of Geology Durham University
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1967\|\| Director of ~~British~~ Geological ~~Survey~~		\| 1955 \|\| Elected Fellow of the Royal Society
			\|-
			\|1958–1959 \|\| President of the Yorkshire Geological Society
			\|-
			\| 1967\|\| Director of Institute of Geological Sciences
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1972\|\| Knighted		\| 1972\|\| Knighted
	\|-		\|-
	\| 1975\|\| Retired		\| 1975\|\| Retired

	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~1935~~ \|\| ~~Geologist~~		\|5 April 2001 \|\| Died
	\|}		\|}