Lancashire and Cheshire Basin summary results - Revision history

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-10-21T11:43:19Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 21 October 2026
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	<center>'''Baseline quality data for the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester'''</center>		<center>'''Baseline quality data for the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester'''</center>


	The groundwaters of the Permo-Triassic aquifer of Manchester display a wide range of chemical characteristics with concentrations for most elements varying over several orders of magnitude. These characteristics are determined largely by natural reactions between the groundwater and the rocks through which it passes. This baseline has been modified by diffuse pollutants including agricultural fertilisers leading locally to high nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>.N) and increases in other major elements such as potassium (K), sodium (Na) and sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>). Most chemical parameters are highly variable due to the complex geology and the presence of drift deposits, which differ in thickness and type. These drift deposits have a significant effect on recharge of the aquifer but provide a degree of protection from diffuse or point source pollution.		The groundwaters of the Permo-Triassic aquifer of Manchester display a wide range of chemical characteristics with concentrations for most elements varying over several orders of magnitude. These characteristics are determined largely by natural reactions between the groundwater and the rocks through which it passes. This baseline has been modified by diffuse pollutants including agricultural fertilisers leading locally to high nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>.N) and increases in other major elements such as potassium (K), sodium (Na) and sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>). Most chemical parameters are highly variable due to the complex geology and the presence of drift deposits, which differ in thickness and type. These drift deposits have a significant effect on recharge of the aquifer but provide a degree of protection from diffuse or point source pollution.

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire */

2026-10-21T11:43:06Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:43, 21 October 2026
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	<center>'''Baseline quality data for the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Cheshire'''</center>		<center>'''Baseline quality data for the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Cheshire'''</center>


	The quality of groundwater in the Permo-Triassic sandstone is determined by natural reactions between rainwater and the bedrock, which creates a variable baseline. Chemical reactions take place during recharge, the most important being mineral dissolution and precipitation. The baseline in Lancashire and Cheshire has been modified by diffuse pollution including agricultural fertilisers, which has led to locally high levels of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>.N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na). Along the Mersey estuary, the ingress of saline water also has an impact on groundwater chemistry.		The quality of groundwater in the Permo-Triassic sandstone is determined by natural reactions between rainwater and the bedrock, which creates a variable baseline. Chemical reactions take place during recharge, the most important being mineral dissolution and precipitation. The baseline in Lancashire and Cheshire has been modified by diffuse pollution including agricultural fertilisers, which has led to locally high levels of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>.N), potassium (K) and sodium (Na). Along the Mersey estuary, the ingress of saline water also has an impact on groundwater chemistry.

Ajhil at 11:42, 21 October 2026

2026-10-21T11:42:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 21 October 2026
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	<center>'''Geology of Lancashire and Cheshire'''</center>		<center>'''Geology of Lancashire and Cheshire'''</center>


	* Permo-Triassic sandstone forms an important aquifer in this region, used extensively for public water supply. Groundwater flow occurs mainly through pore spaces in the rock due to its high porosity, although the presence of fractures is also important. Permo-Triassic sandstone is at the surface along the Lancashire coast and can be up to 600 m thick.		* Permo-Triassic sandstone forms an important aquifer in this region, used extensively for public water supply. Groundwater flow occurs mainly through pore spaces in the rock due to its high porosity, although the presence of fractures is also important. Permo-Triassic sandstone is at the surface along the Lancashire coast and can be up to 600 m thick.

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-06-05T09:18:28Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 5 June 2026
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	[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]		[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]
			<br>
	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"
	\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-06-05T09:17:19Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:17, 5 June 2026
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	A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.		A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.

	[[Image:~~NorthWestPTSst90BOX~~.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]		[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]

	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire */

2026-06-05T09:13:33Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:13, 5 June 2026
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	[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]		[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]
			<br>
	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"
	\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-06-05T09:03:23Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 5 June 2026
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	\| ! scope="col" style="width: 50px; background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Median'''		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 50px; background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Median'''
	\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Maximum'''		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Maximum'''
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" \| Ca		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" \| Ca

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-06-05T09:03:06Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 5 June 2026
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	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"
	\|-		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>
	\| '''Area'''		\| colspan="3" scope="col" style="width: 50px; background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff"><center>'''Concentration (mg/l)'''</center>
	\| colspan="3" \| '''~~Concentrations~~ (mg/l)'''		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Number of Samples'''</span>
	\| '''Number of ~~samples~~'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Minimum'''
	\| '''Minimum'''		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 50px; background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Median'''
	\| '''Median'''		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Maximum'''
	\| '''Maximum'''
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|Ca		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" \| Ca
	\|12		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" \| 12
	\| 86.2		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" \| 86.2
	\|350		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" \| 350
	\|90		\| ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" \| 90
	\|-		\|-
	\|Mg		\|Mg

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester */

2026-06-05T09:01:29Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:01, 5 June 2026
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	===Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester===		===Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester===
	A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [~~https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/~~groundwater~~/quality/BaselineUK/home.html/~~ baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]. The [~~https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/~~groundwater~~/quality/BaselineUK/home.html/~~ UK baseline study results] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.		A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.

	[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]		[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]

Ajhil: /* Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire */

2026-06-05T09:00:54Z

Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 5 June 2026
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	===Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire===		===Baseline groundwater quality data in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire===
	A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire is below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [~~https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/~~groundwater~~/quality/BaselineUK/home.html/~~ baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]. The [~~https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/~~groundwater~~/quality/BaselineUK/home.html/~~ UK baseline study results] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.		A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in the Permo-Triassic sandstone of Cheshire is below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.

	[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]		[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:18, 5 June 2026
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	[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]		[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]
			<br>
	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"
	\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:17, 5 June 2026
Line 152:		Line 152:
	A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.		A summary of the baseline quality of groundwater in Permo-Triassic sandstone in Manchester is presented below. These data were collected as part of a collaborative project between BGS and the Environment Agency to investigate the [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| baseline quality of groundwater in major UK aquifers]]. The [[Baseline chemistry of groundwater in UK aquifers \| UK baseline study results]] page provides downloads of all the reports produced by the project.

	[[Image:~~NorthWestPTSst90BOX~~.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]		[[Image:NorthWestPTSst90BOX1.jpg\|frameless\|center\|800px\|]]

	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:13, 5 June 2026
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	[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]		[[Image:CheshireBOX.jpg\|frameless\|center\|500px\|]]
			<br>
	{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"		{\|class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F0F8FF; margin:auto;"
	\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>		\| rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 100px;" style="background-color: #042e3f;" \| <span style="color:#ffffff">'''Area'''</span>