Moray Firth - Revision history

Ajhil: /* Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations */

2026-06-24T08:46:58Z

Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:46, 24 June 2026
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	* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~pH_HCO3 (2)~~.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Mn_F2.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===

Ajhil: /* Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations */

2026-06-24T08:44:47Z

Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 24 June 2026
Line 60:		Line 60:
	* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~Mn_F2~~.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:pH_HCO3 (2).jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===

Ajhil: /* Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations */

2026-06-24T08:43:07Z

Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 24 June 2026
Line 60:		Line 60:
	* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~pH_HCO3 (3)~~.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Mn_F2.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===

Ajhil: /* Reports */

2026-06-24T08:40:39Z

Reports

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:40, 24 June 2026
Line 66:		Line 66:

	MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12230/ An overview of groundwater in Scotland]. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.		MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12230/ An overview of groundwater in Scotland]. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.
	~~Please contact [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/ BGS Enquiries] for more information.~~
	[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]		[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]

Ajhil: /* Middle Old Red Sandstone */

2026-06-17T13:11:00Z

Middle Old Red Sandstone

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:11, 17 June 2026
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	Dissolved oxygen and Eh measurements are available for only seven of the fourteen Middle Old Red Sandstone samples, of which four are oxic and three are anoxic. The groundwaters have a higher median pH than the Lower Old Red Sandstone waters, and the highest median HCO<sub>3</sub> concentration of the three aquifers. SEC and median Ca, Na, K and Cl concentrations are in between the average values for the Lower and the Upper Old Red Sandstone groundwaters. Concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub> are, as for the Lower Old Red Sandstone, relatively low, while magnesium concentrations are comparable to the other two aquifers.		Dissolved oxygen and Eh measurements are available for only seven of the fourteen Middle Old Red Sandstone samples, of which four are oxic and three are anoxic. The groundwaters have a higher median pH than the Lower Old Red Sandstone waters, and the highest median HCO<sub>3</sub> concentration of the three aquifers. SEC and median Ca, Na, K and Cl concentrations are in between the average values for the Lower and the Upper Old Red Sandstone groundwaters. Concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub> are, as for the Lower Old Red Sandstone, relatively low, while magnesium concentrations are comparable to the other two aquifers.

	[[Manganese (Mn) in Scottish Groundwater \| Iron and Mn concentrations]] are highly variable, from low (less than the detection limit for Fe) to high, although both show low median concentrations. The main control on the presence of high Fe and Mn is likely to be the presence of anoxic conditions within the aquifer (~~Homoncik~~ et al. 2010).		[[Manganese (Mn) in Scottish Groundwater \| Iron and Mn concentrations]] are highly variable, from low (less than the detection limit for Fe) to high, although both show low median concentrations. The main control on the presence of high Fe and Mn is likely to be the presence of anoxic conditions within the aquifer [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9665/ (Hominik et al. 2010)].

	===Upper Old Red Sandstone===		===Upper Old Red Sandstone===

Ajhil: /* Upper Old Red Sandstone */

2026-06-17T13:10:41Z

Upper Old Red Sandstone

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:10, 17 June 2026
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	===Upper Old Red Sandstone===		===Upper Old Red Sandstone===
	Groundwaters from the Upper Old Red Sandstone aquifer typically show very similar cation distribution, dominated by Ca in all but one case, and closely grouped. They show a wider anionic range, from HCO<sub>3</sub> towards Cl and SO<sub>4</sub>. Most of the samples for which DO and Eh measurements are available are anoxic; only three of fourteen samples showed clearly oxic conditions. The groundwaters have the highest median pH value of the three aquifers, and a slightly lower median HCO<sub>3</sub> concentration than the Middle Old Red Sandstone waters. The median SEC value and median concentrations of all of the major ions except Mg are also the highest of the three aquifers. SO<sub>4</sub> concentrations in particular are noticeably higher than the other two aquifers. Iron and Mn concentrations are also highly variable, from low (less than the detection limit for Fe) to very high. The median Fe concentration is not especially high, but the median Mn concentration is more than twice the drinking water limit. The high concentrations of both of these parameters are linked to the prevalence of anoxic conditions across much of the aquifer (~~Homoncik~~ et al. 2010).		Groundwaters from the Upper Old Red Sandstone aquifer typically show very similar cation distribution, dominated by Ca in all but one case, and closely grouped. They show a wider anionic range, from HCO<sub>3</sub> towards Cl and SO<sub>4</sub>. Most of the samples for which DO and Eh measurements are available are anoxic; only three of fourteen samples showed clearly oxic conditions. The groundwaters have the highest median pH value of the three aquifers, and a slightly lower median HCO<sub>3</sub> concentration than the Middle Old Red Sandstone waters. The median SEC value and median concentrations of all of the major ions except Mg are also the highest of the three aquifers. SO<sub>4</sub> concentrations in particular are noticeably higher than the other two aquifers. Iron and Mn concentrations are also highly variable, from low (less than the detection limit for Fe) to very high. The median Fe concentration is not especially high, but the median Mn concentration is more than twice the drinking water limit. The high concentrations of both of these parameters are linked to the prevalence of anoxic conditions across much of the aquifer [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/9665/ (Hominik et al. 2010)].

	===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===		===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===

Ajhil: /* Reports */

2026-06-17T13:05:22Z

Reports

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 17 June 2026
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	Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Smedley, P L, MacDonald, A M, and Darling, W G. 2010. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10293/ Baseline Scotland: groundwater chemistry of the Old Red Sandstone aquifers of the Moray Firth area]. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/10/031.		Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Smedley, P L, MacDonald, A M, and Darling, W G. 2010. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10293/ Baseline Scotland: groundwater chemistry of the Old Red Sandstone aquifers of the Moray Firth area]. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/10/031.

	MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. An overview of groundwater in Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.		MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/12230/ An overview of groundwater in Scotland]. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.
	Please contact [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/ BGS Enquiries] for more information.		Please contact [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/ BGS Enquiries] for more information.
	[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]		[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]

Ajhil: /* Reports */

2026-06-17T13:04:25Z

Reports

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 17 June 2026
Line 63:		Line 63:

	===Reports===		===Reports===
	Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Smedley, P L, MacDonald, A M, and Darling, W G. 2010. Baseline Scotland: groundwater chemistry of the Old Red Sandstone aquifers of the Moray Firth area. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/10/031.		Ó Dochartaigh, B É, Smedley, P L, MacDonald, A M, and Darling, W G. 2010. [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10293/ Baseline Scotland: groundwater chemistry of the Old Red Sandstone aquifers of the Moray Firth area]. British Geological Survey Open Report, OR/10/031.

	MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. An overview of groundwater in Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.		MacDonald, A M, Robins, N S, Ball, D F and Ó Dochartaigh, B É. 2005. An overview of groundwater in Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 41; 1, 3–11.
	Please contact [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/ BGS Enquiries] for more information.		Please contact [https://www.bgs.ac.uk/about-bgs/contact-us/ BGS Enquiries] for more information.
	[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]		[[category:Groundwater and shale gas]]

Ajhil: /* Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations */

2026-06-17T12:35:35Z

Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 17 June 2026
Line 55:		Line 55:
	===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===		===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===

	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|pH and HCO<sub>3</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:pH_HCO3 (2).jpg\|pH and HCO<sub>3</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Na_K (2).jpg\|Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Ca_Mg (2).jpg\|Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:pH_HCO3 (3).jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===

Ajhil: /* Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations */

2026-06-17T12:34:16Z

Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 17 June 2026
Line 54:		Line 54:

	===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===		===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===
	pH and ~~HCO3~~ — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration
	Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration		* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|pH and HCO<sub>3</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration		* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	Cl and ~~SO4~~ — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration		* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration		* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration		* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
			* [[Media:LowerOldRedSST.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 17 June 2026
Line 55:		Line 55:
	===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===		===Maps of regional variation in selected ion concentrations===

	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|pH and HCO<sub>3</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:pH_HCO3 (2).jpg\|pH and HCO<sub>3</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Na_K (2).jpg\|Na and K — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Ca_Mg (2).jpg\|Ca and Mg — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:Cl_SO4 (1).jpg\|Cl and SO<sub>4</sub> — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:TON_Fe.jpg\|TON and Fe — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]
	* [[Media:~~LowerOldRedSST~~.jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]		* [[Media:pH_HCO3 (3).jpg\|Mn and F — Maps illustrating spatial variation in the concentration]]

	===Reports===		===Reports===