OR/13/015 Building stone quarries in the Falkirk area - Revision history

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	None of the written records examined for this assessment explicitly link sandstone from the Bantaskine quarries with Falkirk buildings; however, a local authority (Bailey) has suggested anecdotally that sandstone from Bantaskine was a source of building stone for Falkirk. Building stone was probably sourced from these quarries for constructing the canals and railways.		None of the written records examined for this assessment explicitly link sandstone from the Bantaskine quarries with Falkirk buildings; however, a local authority (Bailey) has suggested anecdotally that sandstone from Bantaskine was a source of building stone for Falkirk. Building stone was probably sourced from these quarries for constructing the canals and railways.

	By 1860 several other quarries in the area — including Haining, Maddiston and Mannelrig - were supplying building stone (Hunt, 1860<ref name="Hunt 1860">HUNT, R. 1860. ''Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Part II for 1858. (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.) 290–293.</ref>; and OS maps). All quarries were inactive by the turn of the 20th Century with the exception of Maddiston quarry, which was still active when the 1899 OS map was published but had closed by the time the 1922 OS map was published.		By 1860 several other quarries in the area — including Haining, Maddiston and Mannelrig — were supplying building stone (Hunt, 1860<ref name="Hunt 1860">HUNT, R. 1860. ''Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Part II for 1858. (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.) 290–293.</ref>; and OS maps). All quarries were inactive by the turn of the 20th Century with the exception of Maddiston quarry, which was still active when the 1899 OS map was published but had closed by the time the 1922 OS map was published.

	Sandstone from quarries in the Callendar House policies was used for the Union Canal and in Falkirk buildings (Bailey). The 1864 OS map shows two quarries: Callendar Park Quarry and Callendar House Quarry (north-east of Callendar Loch); both had closed by 1899 (OS maps). The former is infilled and used as a car park; the latter is partly infilled and overgrown.		Sandstone from quarries in the Callendar House policies was used for the Union Canal and in Falkirk buildings (Bailey). The 1864 OS map shows two quarries: Callendar Park Quarry and Callendar House Quarry (north-east of Callendar Loch); both had closed by 1899 (OS maps). The former is infilled and used as a car park; the latter is partly infilled and overgrown.

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	None of the written records examined for this assessment explicitly link sandstone from the Bantaskine quarries with Falkirk buildings; however, a local authority (Bailey) has suggested anecdotally that sandstone from Bantaskine was a source of building stone for Falkirk. Building stone was probably sourced from these quarries for constructing the canals and railways.		None of the written records examined for this assessment explicitly link sandstone from the Bantaskine quarries with Falkirk buildings; however, a local authority (Bailey) has suggested anecdotally that sandstone from Bantaskine was a source of building stone for Falkirk. Building stone was probably sourced from these quarries for constructing the canals and railways.

	By 1860 several other quarries in the area - including Haining, Maddiston and Mannelrig - were supplying building stone (Hunt, 1860<ref name="Hunt 1860">HUNT, R. 1860. ''Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Part II for 1858. (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.) 290–293.</ref>; and OS maps). All quarries were inactive by the turn of the 20th Century with the exception of Maddiston quarry, which was still active when the 1899 OS map was published but had closed by the time the 1922 OS map was published.		By 1860 several other quarries in the area — including Haining, Maddiston and Mannelrig - were supplying building stone (Hunt, 1860<ref name="Hunt 1860">HUNT, R. 1860. ''Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland''. Part II for 1858. (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.) 290–293.</ref>; and OS maps). All quarries were inactive by the turn of the 20th Century with the exception of Maddiston quarry, which was still active when the 1899 OS map was published but had closed by the time the 1922 OS map was published.

	Sandstone from quarries in the Callendar House policies was used for the Union Canal and in Falkirk buildings (Bailey). The 1864 OS map shows two quarries: Callendar Park Quarry and Callendar House Quarry (north-east of Callendar Loch); both had closed by 1899 (OS maps). The former is infilled and used as a car park; the latter is partly infilled and overgrown.		Sandstone from quarries in the Callendar House policies was used for the Union Canal and in Falkirk buildings (Bailey). The 1864 OS map shows two quarries: Callendar Park Quarry and Callendar House Quarry (north-east of Callendar Loch); both had closed by 1899 (OS maps). The former is infilled and used as a car park; the latter is partly infilled and overgrown.

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Introduction

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	<span style="font-size:86%">''Some of the sources listed above are also referred to in Table ~~A4_1~~ ([[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]).''</span>		<span style="font-size:86%">''Some of the sources listed above are also referred to in Table A4.1 ([[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]).''</span>

	== Outcomes ==		== Outcomes ==

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Introduction

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	<span style="font-size:86%">''Some of the sources listed above are also referred to in Table A4_1 (Appendix 4).''</span>		<span style="font-size:86%">''Some of the sources listed above are also referred to in Table A4_1 ([[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]).''</span>

	== Outcomes ==		== Outcomes ==

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Outcomes

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	The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>		The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>

	[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:~~OR/13/015fig4~~.jpg\|Figure 4]]), [[Media:~~OR/13/015fig5~~.jpg\|Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]		[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR13015fig4.jpg\|Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR13015fig5.jpg\|Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]

	Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.		Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.

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Outcomes

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	The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>		The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>

	[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR/13/015fig4.jpg \|Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR/13/015fig5.jpg \|Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]		[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR/13/015fig4.jpg\|Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR/13/015fig5.jpg\|Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]

	Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.		Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.

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Outcomes

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	The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>		The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>

	[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR/13/015fig4.jpg \| Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR/13/015fig5.jpg \| Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]		[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR/13/015fig4.jpg \|Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR/13/015fig5.jpg \|Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]

	Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.		Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.

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Outcomes

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	The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>		The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>

	[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See Figure 4, Figure 5 and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]		[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See ([[Media:OR/13/015fig4.jpg \| Figure 4]]), [[Media:OR/13/015fig5.jpg \| Figure 5]] and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]

	Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.		Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.

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Outcomes

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	The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>		The assessment identified 156 quarries within the search area that have produced sandstone for building stone. The locations and names of these quarries are shown in Figure 15, and summary details for them are presented in [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]]. No record was found of any stone type other than sandstone (e.g. granite, whinstone, limestone) having been produced within the search area for use as building stone. Basalt for kerb and paving stones has been extracted from quarries near Kilsyth, several kilometres west of the search area.<ref group=note>Garrel Glen Quarry and Auchinstarry Quarry, Kilsyth, were recorded to be supplying ‘inexhaustible’ amounts of paving stone during the late 18th Century. The paving stone would have been sent predominantly to Glasgow along the Forth & Clyde Canal. (Rennie, 1796; page 230).</ref>

	[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See Figure 4, Figure 5 and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context# Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]		[[Image:OR13015fig15.jpg\|thumb\|center\|700px\| '''Figure 15'''    Quarries in the Falkirk area that have produced sandstone building stone.<br>Red outline is the Falkirk Council area (approximate). See Figure 4, Figure 5 and ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for details of the bedrock geology, and [[OR/13/015 Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district\|Appendix 4 - Sandstone quarries in the Falkirk district]] for a table of summary quarry details. ]]

	Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.		Sixty-six quarries are within the area administered by Falkirk Council. The remainder are in areas administered by neighbouring councils: twenty-nine are in Stirling, seventeen in West Lothian, sixteen in North Lanarkshire, and twenty-eight in Fife.

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	''Bedrock geology''<br>		''Bedrock geology''<br>
	The quarries are relatively evenly distributed across the main sedimentary bedrock units in the search area (Figure 15; see also ~~section 2.2~~ for a description of the bedrock units mentioned below). Eleven quarries are in the West Lothian Oil Shale Formation, and twelve are in the Lower Limestone Formation; both these units occupy a relatively small proportion of the search area. Twenty-seven are in the Limestone Coal Formation, which also underlies a relatively small proportion of the search area. Thirty-one are in the Upper Limestone Formation, forty-three are in the Passage Formation, and thirty-two are in the Scottish Lower Coal Measures Formation; these units underlie larger proportions of the search area. Thick deposits of unconsolidated sediment (deposited during and since the last glaciation), including sand, gravel, silt and clay, are present in some areas, notably in low ground around the River Forth and Forth Estuary. These deposits will have limited or prevented access to bedrock; hence there are few, or no, quarries in some areas (e.g. around Grangemouth and Stenhousemuir).		The quarries are relatively evenly distributed across the main sedimentary bedrock units in the search area (Figure 15; see also ([[OR/13/015 Geographical and geological context#Geological setting\|see Geological setting]]) for a description of the bedrock units mentioned below). Eleven quarries are in the West Lothian Oil Shale Formation, and twelve are in the Lower Limestone Formation; both these units occupy a relatively small proportion of the search area. Twenty-seven are in the Limestone Coal Formation, which also underlies a relatively small proportion of the search area. Thirty-one are in the Upper Limestone Formation, forty-three are in the Passage Formation, and thirty-two are in the Scottish Lower Coal Measures Formation; these units underlie larger proportions of the search area. Thick deposits of unconsolidated sediment (deposited during and since the last glaciation), including sand, gravel, silt and clay, are present in some areas, notably in low ground around the River Forth and Forth Estuary. These deposits will have limited or prevented access to bedrock; hence there are few, or no, quarries in some areas (e.g. around Grangemouth and Stenhousemuir).

	''Influence of transport infrastructure''<br>		''Influence of transport infrastructure''<br>