Siting Boreholes - Revision history

LaurenGiles: /* Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying */ reconnaissance page link

2023-12-20T12:38:29Z

Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying: reconnaissance page link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 20 December 2023
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	===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===		===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===
	{\|		{\|
	\|Geophysical surveying to support water borehole siting is often needed because the information collected during [[~~Borehole Siting~~:Reconnaissance \| reconnaissance]] isn't enough to allow a confident assessment of where groundwater can be found. Geophysical surveying is a huge topic and only a very brief introduction is given here.		\|Geophysical surveying to support water borehole siting is often needed because the information collected during [[Siting_Boreholes:Reconnaissance \| reconnaissance]] isn't enough to allow a confident assessment of where groundwater can be found. Geophysical surveying is a huge topic and only a very brief introduction is given here.

	There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).		There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).

LaurenGiles: /* Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying */ MacDonald et al' link

2023-12-20T12:36:07Z

Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying: MacDonald et al' link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 20 December 2023
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	It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted incorrectly, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.		It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted incorrectly, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.

	A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://~~www~~.~~developmentbookshelf~~.~~com~~/~~doi~~/~~book~~/~~10.3362~~/~~9781780441290~~ MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.		A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7728/ MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.

LaurenGiles: /* Reconnaissance */ reconnaisance and MacDonald et al link

2023-12-20T12:34:21Z

Reconnaissance: reconnaisance and MacDonald et al link

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 20 December 2023
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	\|Reconnaissance is an essential first step in understanding groundwater resources and siting new water boreholes. It is a desk study: gathering any available relevant maps and information (e.g. from existing reports, academic papers etc) on geological and hydrogeological conditions.		\|Reconnaissance is an essential first step in understanding groundwater resources and siting new water boreholes. It is a desk study: gathering any available relevant maps and information (e.g. from existing reports, academic papers etc) on geological and hydrogeological conditions.

	An introduction to reconnaissance techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://~~www~~.~~developmentbookshelf~~.~~com~~/~~doi~~/~~abs~~/~~10.3362~~/~~9781780441290.004~~ '''Reconnaissance'''] in [https://~~www~~.~~developmentbookshelf~~.~~com~~/~~doi~~/~~book~~/~~10.3362~~/~~9781780441290~~ MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.		An introduction to reconnaissance techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7728/ '''Reconnaissance'''] in [https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7728/ MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.

LaurenGiles: /* Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying */ substituted 'wrongly' for 'incorrectly' as reads better

2023-11-29T09:10:10Z

Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying: substituted 'wrongly' for 'incorrectly' as reads better

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:10, 29 November 2023
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	There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).		There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).

	It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted ~~wrongly~~, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.		It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted incorrectly, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.

	A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.		A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.

Beod at 07:49, 16 June 2020

2020-06-16T07:49:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:49, 16 June 2020
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	==Siting Boreholes==		==Siting Boreholes==

	Siting boreholes and wells successfully requires a good understanding of where groundwater occurs and how it behaves in the local environment. Developing this understanding starts with '''reconnaissance''', and is refined by '''hydrogeological fieldwork''' and '''geophysical surveying'''. Only a very brief introduction is given here. More information can be found in the book ~~Developing~~ [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 Groundwater: A guide for rural water supply] by MacDonald et al. (2005) or the report [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/501046/ Simple methods for assessing groundwater resources in low permeability areas of Africa] by MacDonald et al. (2001), both of which are available online.		Siting boreholes and wells successfully requires a good understanding of where groundwater occurs and how it behaves in the local environment. Developing this understanding starts with '''reconnaissance''', and is refined by '''hydrogeological fieldwork''' and '''geophysical surveying'''. Only a very brief introduction is given here. More information can be found in the book [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 Developing Groundwater: A guide for rural water supply] by MacDonald et al. (2005) or the report [http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/501046/ Simple methods for assessing groundwater resources in low permeability areas of Africa] by MacDonald et al. (2001), both of which are available online.

	===Reconnaissance===		===Reconnaissance===
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	\|This involves making field observations of the local geology, hydrogeology and existing water sources, and gathering information from sources such as discussions with the local community. Local dry and wet season water sources should be visited, and discussions held with the community to find out more details: e.g. how much they yield; do yields fall or dry up in the dry season; are there water quality problems? Rock exposures(e.g. in river cuttings or cliffs) can give more information on local geology, as can chippings/cuttings from any local hand-dug wells or previously drilled boreholes (failed or working). It is also important to observe any local sources of pollution, such as pit latrines, burial grounds, cattle pens or market areas.		\|This involves making field observations of the local geology, hydrogeology and existing water sources, and gathering information from sources such as discussions with the local community. Local dry and wet season water sources should be visited, and discussions held with the community to find out more details: e.g. how much they yield; do yields fall or dry up in the dry season; are there water quality problems? Rock exposures(e.g. in river cuttings or cliffs) can give more information on local geology, as can chippings/cuttings from any local hand-dug wells or previously drilled boreholes (failed or working). It is also important to observe any local sources of pollution, such as pit latrines, burial grounds, cattle pens or market areas.

	An introduction to hydrogeological fieldwork techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter ~~[https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.005~~ '''Finding Groundwater'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.		An introduction to hydrogeological fieldwork techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.

	[[File:P1040903.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geologists examining a surface outcrop of a local aquifer. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:P1040903.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geologists examining a surface outcrop of a local aquifer. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
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	It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted wrongly, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.		It is important that geophysical techniques are carried out and interpreted carefully by well-trained personnel. If surveying is done wrongly or survey results interpreted wrongly, at best the information given will be of no help, and at worse it can lead to expensive mistakes in borehole siting.

	A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter ~~[https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.005~~ '''Finding Groundwater'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.		A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter '''Finding Groundwater''' in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.

Beod at 10:39, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T10:39:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:39, 2 July 2019
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	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Developing groundwater resources \| Developing groundwater resources]] >> [[Groundwater development techniques \| Groundwater Development Procedures]] >> Siting Boreholes		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Developing groundwater resources \| Developing groundwater resources]] >> [[Groundwater development techniques \| Groundwater Development Procedures]] >> Siting Boreholes

			Please cite page as: Africa Groundwater Atlas. 2019. Siting Boreholes. British Geological Survey. Accessed [date you accessed the information]. ''Weblink''.

	This page is still in development - please check back soon for updates.		This page is still in development - please check back soon for updates.

Beod at 09:30, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T09:30:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 2 July 2019
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	[[File:P1040903.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geologists examining a surface outcrop of a local aquifer. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:P1040903.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geologists examining a surface outcrop of a local aquifer. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
	[[File:P1040109.JPG\| ~~left~~\|thumb\| 400px\| Hydrogeologists on a training course in Ghana investigating a hand dug well close to where a new borehole is planned, and collecting information from local well users about groundwater levels and quality. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:P1040109.JPG\| right\|thumb\| 400px\| Hydrogeologists on a training course in Ghana investigating a hand dug well close to where a new borehole is planned, and collecting information from local well users about groundwater levels and quality. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
	\|}		\|}

Beod at 09:28, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T09:28:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 2 July 2019
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	===Siting Boreholes: Hydrogeological Fieldwork===		===Siting Boreholes: Hydrogeological Fieldwork===
			{\|
			\|This involves making field observations of the local geology, hydrogeology and existing water sources, and gathering information from sources such as discussions with the local community. Local dry and wet season water sources should be visited, and discussions held with the community to find out more details: e.g. how much they yield; do yields fall or dry up in the dry season; are there water quality problems? Rock exposures(e.g. in river cuttings or cliffs) can give more information on local geology, as can chippings/cuttings from any local hand-dug wells or previously drilled boreholes (failed or working). It is also important to observe any local sources of pollution, such as pit latrines, burial grounds, cattle pens or market areas.

	This involves making field observations of the local geology, hydrogeology and existing water sources, and gathering information from sources such as discussions with the local community. Local dry and wet season water sources should be ~~visited, and discussions held with~~ the ~~community to find out more details~~: e.g. ~~how much they yield; do yields fall or dry up~~ in ~~the dry season; are there water quality problems? Rock exposures(e~~.g. ~~in river cuttings or cliffs) can give more information on local geology, as can chippings~~/~~cuttings from any local hand-dug wells or previously drilled boreholes~~ (~~failed or working~~)~~. It is also important to observe any local sources of pollution~~, ~~such as pit latrines, burial grounds, cattle pens or market areas~~.		An introduction to hydrogeological fieldwork techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.005 '''Finding Groundwater'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.

	~~An introduction to hydrogeological fieldwork techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter~~ [~~https~~:~~//www~~.~~developmentbookshelf~~.~~com/doi/abs/10~~.~~3362/9781780441290.005 '''Finding Groundwater'''~~] in [~~https~~:~~//www~~.~~developmentbookshelf~~.~~com/doi/book/10~~.~~3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)~~]~~, which can be freely downloaded online.~~		[[File:P1040903.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geologists examining a surface outcrop of a local aquifer. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
			[[File:P1040109.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Hydrogeologists on a training course in Ghana investigating a hand dug well close to where a new borehole is planned, and collecting information from local well users about groundwater levels and quality. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
			\|}

	===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===		===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===

Beod at 09:23, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T09:23:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:23, 2 July 2019
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	===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===		===Siting Boreholes: Geophysical Surveying===
			{\|
	Geophysical surveying to support water borehole siting is often needed because the information collected during [[Borehole Siting:Reconnaissance \| reconnaissance]] isn't enough to allow a confident assessment of where groundwater can be found. Geophysical surveying is a huge topic and only a very brief introduction is given here.		\|Geophysical surveying to support water borehole siting is often needed because the information collected during [[Borehole Siting:Reconnaissance \| reconnaissance]] isn't enough to allow a confident assessment of where groundwater can be found. Geophysical surveying is a huge topic and only a very brief introduction is given here.

	There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).		There are many different geophysical techniques and countless types of equipment. Two of the main geophysical techniques used in borehole siting are electrical resistivity; and ground conductivity using FEM (frequency domain electromagnetic).
Line 33:		Line 33:
	A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.005 '''Finding Groundwater'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.		A detailed introduction to geophysical techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.005 '''Finding Groundwater'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be downloaded online.

	{\|
	[[File:P1040187.JPG \| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geophysical surveying for water borehole siting in Northern Ghana, using EM34. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:P1040187.JPG \| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Geophysical surveying for water borehole siting in Northern Ghana, using EM34. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
	[[File:P1040430.JPG \| right\|thumb\| 400px\|Resistivity surveying equipment for geophysical surveying. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:P1040430.JPG \| right\|thumb\| 400px\|Resistivity surveying equipment for geophysical surveying. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
	\|}		\|}

Beod at 09:22, 2 July 2019

2019-07-02T09:22:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:22, 2 July 2019
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	===Reconnaissance===		===Reconnaissance===
			{\|
	Reconnaissance is an essential first step in understanding groundwater resources and siting new water boreholes. It is a desk study: gathering any available relevant maps and information (e.g. from existing reports, academic papers etc) on geological and hydrogeological conditions.		\|Reconnaissance is an essential first step in understanding groundwater resources and siting new water boreholes. It is a desk study: gathering any available relevant maps and information (e.g. from existing reports, academic papers etc) on geological and hydrogeological conditions.

	An introduction to reconnaissance techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.004 '''Reconnaissance'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.		An introduction to reconnaissance techniques that are useful for borehole siting can be found in the chapter [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/abs/10.3362/9781780441290.004 '''Reconnaissance'''] in [https://www.developmentbookshelf.com/doi/book/10.3362/9781780441290 MacDonald et al. (2005)], which can be freely downloaded online.
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	[[File:MAP.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Using a hydrogeological map to assess the groundwater potential of an area as part of reconnaissance work for siting new water boreholes. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]		[[File:MAP.JPG\| left\|thumb\| 400px\| Using a hydrogeological map to assess the groundwater potential of an area as part of reconnaissance work for siting new water boreholes. Photo credit: British Geological Survey.]]
			\|}

	===Siting Boreholes: Hydrogeological Fieldwork===		===Siting Boreholes: Hydrogeological Fieldwork===
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	{\|










	[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Developing groundwater resources \| Developing groundwater resources]] >> [[Groundwater development techniques \| Groundwater Development Procedures]] >> Siting Boreholes		[[Africa Groundwater Atlas Home \| Africa Groundwater Atlas]] >> [[Additional resources \| Resource pages]] >> [[Developing groundwater resources \| Developing groundwater resources]] >> [[Groundwater development techniques \| Groundwater Development Procedures]] >> Siting Boreholes
	\|}

	[[Category:Additional resources]]		[[Category:Additional resources]]

	[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]		[[Category:Africa Groundwater Atlas]]