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Replaced content with "Test link to https://geoscenic.bgs.ac.uk/asset-bank/action/viewHome https://geoscenic.bgs.ac.uk/asset-bank/action/viewHome https://scotfot.com/ == Geological Survey of Ireland 1:63,360 maps == {| class="wikitable" |- | align=center| '''Sheet number''' | align=center| '''Sheet name''' | align=center| '''Publication date''' | align=center| '''Statement of responsibility''' | align=center| '''Map''' |- ||  1 || Malin Head || December 1888 || R.J. Cruise. ||..."
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== Geological Survey of Ireland 1:63,360 maps ==
Test link to https://geoscenic.bgs.ac.uk/asset-bank/action/viewHome
 
https://geoscenic.bgs.ac.uk/asset-bank/action/viewHome


https://scotfot.com/




== Geological Survey of Ireland 1:63,360 maps ==


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= BGS175: 175th Anniversary Science Symposium of the founding of the British Geological Survey, 28th September, Royal Institution, London =
= BGS175: 175th Anniversary Science Symposium of the founding of the British Geological Survey, 28th September, Royal Institution, London =
Line 465: Line 466:
Ar y cyd â Howel Williams, cyhoeddodd [[Edward Greenly D.Sc.|Greenly]] ''Methods of Geological Surveying'' yn 1930 a’i hunangofiant ''A Hand through Time: Memories Romantic'' and ''Geological'' a ymddangosodd yn 1938. Bu farw ym Mangor yn 1951 ac yn briodol iawn fe’i claddwyd ym mynwent Llangristiolus, Ynys Môn. Mae ei fedd wedi’i gyfnodi’n Safle Geoamrywiaeth o Bwysigrwydd Rhanbarthol (RIGS).
Ar y cyd â Howel Williams, cyhoeddodd [[Edward Greenly D.Sc.|Greenly]] ''Methods of Geological Surveying'' yn 1930 a’i hunangofiant ''A Hand through Time: Memories Romantic'' and ''Geological'' a ymddangosodd yn 1938. Bu farw ym Mangor yn 1951 ac yn briodol iawn fe’i claddwyd ym mynwent Llangristiolus, Ynys Môn. Mae ei fedd wedi’i gyfnodi’n Safle Geoamrywiaeth o Bwysigrwydd Rhanbarthol (RIGS).
== Table ==
== Table ==
=Geologists' Association photograph albums [Green bound]=
These two key albums of the GA focus on photographs of members.
The first volume contains portraits of early GA members and then photographs of individuals or groups of members taken on GA field excursions 1922–1977.
The second volume contains photographs of individuals or groups of members taken on GA field excursions 1979 to 1996.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
= Marine deposits of chromite and olivine off Rum =
[[File:P936564.jpg|thumb|Geological sketch map of the Rum district, Sheet 60. Based on BGS 1:250 000 Series sheets Tiree and Little Minch, with some additions from the 3rd (1:50 000) edition of Sheet 60 (Rum).]]
[[File:P936665.jpg|thumb|Chromium and magnesium distribution in surficial marine sediments off Harris, Rum]]
[[File:P936666.jpg|thumb|Chromium and magnesium distribution in surficial marine sediments off Dibidil, Rum.]]
== Extract from the Rum Memoir ==
[https://pubs.bgs.ac.uk/publications.html?pubID=B01904 View original memoir]
[https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/Memoirs/docs/B01904.html View memoir on Text viewer]
As Rum is a National Nature Reserve, exploitation of chromite or other ore reserves on land could prove environmentally unacceptable. The marine dispersal of resistate minerals derived by glacial and fluvial erosion of the rocks of the Rum Central Complex has been investigated as a possible alternative for mineral exploitation. Black, heavy mineral sand occurs on the rocky beach in the bay at Harris, although well-defined high-water-mark bands such as are known from the Northumberland coast (Gallagher, 1974) are absent. The inshore area along 28 km of the southern coastline of Rum were surveyed in 1987, between A' Bhrideahach in the west and Loch Scresort in the east (Figure 1) and surficial marine sediment collected at 91 sites in water depths of 50 m or less within 3 km of the shore. After dissolution of shell calcite averaging 20% by weight, analysis of small shipboard samples yielded mean values of 0.12% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 3.5% Mg (Table 12).
(Table 12) Composition of 91 marine sediment samples, southern Rum, analysed by X-ray fluorescence (after calcite dissolution.
{| class="wikitable"
!  !! Mean(%) !! s (%) !! Max. (%) !! Min. (%)
|-
| Mg || 3.5 || 2.6 || 14 || 0
|-
| Ca || 1.7 || 0.82 || 5.3 || 0.47
|-
| Ti || 0.33 || 0.16 || 0.92 || 0.12
|-
| V || 0.009 || 0.005 || 0.29 || 0.001
|-
| Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> || 0.12 || 0.17 || 1.4 || 0
|-
| Fe || 4.0 || 1.8 || 10.6 || 0.72
|}
:s = Standard deviation.
(Table 13) Average composition of minerals in marine sediments from Harris Bay, Rum.
{| class="wikitable"
!  !! Chromite !! Olivine !! Clinopyroxene (Ca-rich) !! Orthopyroxene
|-
| N = || 82 || 141 || 40 || 6
|-
| SiO<sub>2</sub> || 0.03 || 40.20 || 51.22 || 54.67
|-
| TiO<sub>2</sub> || 2.69 || 0.03 || 0.94 || 0.38
|-
| Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> || 19.07 || 0.03 || 3.15 || 0.87
|-
| Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> || 32.49 ||  || 0.58 || 0.05
|-
| Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> || 13.40 || — || — || —
|-
| FeO || 20.60 || 12.33 || 6.07 || 14.25
|-
| MnO || 0.32 || 0.20 || 0.15 || 0.34
|-
| MgO || 10.52 || 47.35 || 16.02 || 28.02
|-
| CaO || 0.01 || 0.08 || 21.11 || 1.42
|-
| Total || 99.13 || 100.22 || 99.24 || 100.00
|-
| Mg* || 47.44 || 87.23 || 82.46 || 77.80
|-
| Cr* || 54.29 || — || — || —
|}
:N: number of analyses
:Mg*- 100 X Mg/ (Mg + Fe2+) Cr* = 100 X Cr/ (Cr + Al)
:Histograms of the compositional variation of olivine and chromite are given by Gallagher et al., 1989 (figs. 5 and 6)
Relatively high chromium and magnesium values were recognised from two areas representing submarine deltas off Harris and Dibidil; new analyses from these areas are presented in (Figure 64) and (Figure 65). In the bay off Harris, 3 km<sup>2</sup> of sand sampled from the sea-bed surface in a mean water depth of 23 m contained on average 0.24% Cr and 7% Mg after removal of some 18% of shell calcite. The grade of the heavy mineral sands is therefore about 1% of chromite and 25% of forsteritic olivine from the mineral analyses given in (Table 13). It is concluded that tens of thousands of tonnes of chromite and more than 1 million tonnes of olivine and of calcite are present in the topmost 1 m of the Harris delta (utilising 2.2 g.cm<sup>-1</sup> as the wet density). The peak anomaly of 4% chromite and 50% olivine lies 1.8 km offshore.
A smaller area of 1 km<sup>2</sup> of heavy mineral sand is present up to 1 km off the mouth of the Dibidil River in a mean water depth of 19 m (Figure 64). After dissolution of approximately 30% contained calcite a small number of surface samples from the submarine delta (Gallagher, 1989) average 0.19% Cr, equivalent to about 0.8% chromite, and 4.5% Mg (15–20% of forsteritic olivine). The peak anomaly of 1.2% chromite occurs only 350 m offshore of the mouth of the Dibidil river. The figures indicate 10 000 tonnes of chromite in the top metre of the delta. Other isolated sample sites off south-west and south-east Rum are somewhat anomalous in chromium and magnesium, as might be expected from tidal dispersion, but further sampling will be needed to properly assess their significance.
A full evaluation of the true lateral extent and thickness of the deposits will require geophysical surveys and drilling of the deltaic sands. Heavy minerals will most likely be concentrated towards the base of the sand accumulations.
=== Mineralogy ===
The deltaic sediments are well-sorted medium- to fine-grained sands (125–500 pm) highly suitable for beneficiation by density or magnetic methods. The total amount of heavy minerals present increases with decreasing content of shell calcite, a feature which is likely to occur with depth in the deltas, and of quartz and feldspar. In five representative samples the total heavy mineral content ranged from 36 to 94% with olivine dominant, followed by clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Chromite-type spinels, magnetite and ilmenite make up 10–15% of the overall heavy-mineral fraction. Traces of platinum, palladium and gold were detected in a few of the samples (Gallagher, 1989).
From analyses of the main heavy minerals (Table 13), it can be seen that chromite averages 32% Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (10.7–44.4%) and the olivine is forsterite-rich (FO<sub>87</sub>). Detailed investigation of 31 samples from and around the Harris and Dibidil deltas shows that the chromite and olivine, calculated on a calcite-free basis, form 0.22–3.98% and 5–41% respectively (Basham et al., 1989).
Benificiation trials yielded concentrates of 86% chromite and 78% olivine with recoveries of 60% and 50% respectively. The size range and composition of the olivine in the marine sands compared well with the desired range for refractory use (Griffith, 1984). The iron content of the chromite is higher on average than that of South African chromites (25% FeO); nevertheless, in ferro-chrome production the tendency is towards acceptance of increasingly higher iron content (Power, 1985).
== Samples ==
Insert list of samples here
== Archives ==
BGS Edinburgh Archive Drawer A10 has material relating to Rhum Offshore heavy minerals survey
== Dr. Mike Gallagher photograph collection of Rum (transparencies) (not online) ==
{| class="wikitable"
! BGS Image No.!! Caption !! Date
|-
| P100823 || Scotland mineral wealth talk. Coastline of Rhum. ||
|-
| P102341 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102342 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102343 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102344 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102345 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102346 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102347 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102348 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102349 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102350 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102351 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102352 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102353 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102354 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102355 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102356 || Graph showing make up of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102357 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102358 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102359 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102360 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102361 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102362 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102363 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102364 || Photomicrograph of the Rhum sands. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102365 || Chromite layer at base of peridotite above allivalite (white) on Hallival. Hallival, Rhum. || 01/04/1985
|-
| P102366 || Generalised map showing the Olivine - Chromium deltas of Rhum. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102368 || Harris Bay chromium-olivine marine sands. Harris Bay, south-west Rhum. ||
|-
| P102369 || Harris Bay chromium-olivine marine sands. Harris Bay, south-west Rhum. ||
|-
| P102370 || Harris Bay chromium-olivine marine sands. Harris Bay, south-west Rhum. ||
|-
| P102371 || Close up of igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102372 || Geologist takes a break in gorse on hillside. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102373 || Close up of igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102374 || Map of Scotland showing Rhum chromite. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102375 || Geologist on excursion through hills on Rhum. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102376 || Drainage basin of Allt nam Ba, Rhum from the sea. Askival (summit) and Askival plateau (in cloud). Allt nam Ba, Rhum. || 01/06/1987
|-
| P102377 || Close up of igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102378 || Rock outcrop on top of hill. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102379 || Close up of igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102380 || Geologists on the summit of Askival??? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102381 || Hallival?? Hallival, Rhum. ||
|-
| P102382 || View through valley. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102383 || View over Rhum to Eigg?? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102384 || View of Askival, Rhum. Askival, Rhum. ||
|-
| P102385 || View over Rhum to Eigg?? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102386 || View over Rhum to Eigg?? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102387 || Close up of Tertiary igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102388 || Close up of Tertiary igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102389 || View of raised beach. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102390 || View from summit of ????? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102391 || View through valley. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102392 || Geologists examine a rock outcrop showing layers. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102393 || Geologists examine a rock outcrop showing layers. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102394 || View of raised beach. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102395 || Bouguer Anomaly map of the islands of Rhum, Eigg, Canna and Sanday in the Inner Hebrides. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102396 || Aerial view of Rhum. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102397 || Outline geology map of Rhum, note Hallival in Eastern Layered Series. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102398 || Solid geology map of Rhum, 1:20,000 scale. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102399 || Map showing Precambrian structure. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102400 || Generalised section of outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102401 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102402 || Map of the geology of the Timmins area.???? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102403 || Geological map of Canada. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102404 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102405 || ELS geology map of eastern Rhum. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102406 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102407 || Flow map. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102408 || Map of the geology of the Timmins area.???? Rhum. ||
|-
| P102409 || Inlet on coast of Rhum. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102410 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102411 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102412 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. ||
|-
| P102413 || View from Harris Bay, Mausoleum in distance. Harris Bay, Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102414 || Harrisite, found in Harris Bay, Rhum. Harris Bay, Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102415 || View of Askival from shore. Askival, Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102416 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102417 || View over Rhum. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102418 || View of Askival from shore. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102419 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102420 || View across Rhum. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102421 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102422 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102423 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102424 || View of the hills, Askival and Hallival Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102425 || Geologists standing in front of Askival and Hallival. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102426 || View of Hallival. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102427 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102428 || View of Inbhir Ghil from cliffs. Inbhir Ghil, Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102429 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102430 || Close up of rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102431 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102432 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102433 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102434 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102435 || Geologists on excursion examine the rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102436 || Pier at Loch Scresort, Rhum. Pier, Loch Scresort, Rhum. || 1986
|-
| P102437 || Geologist on excursion to Rhum, Askival in the distance. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102438 || Offshore view of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102439 || View from Askival, Rhum out to sea. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102440 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102441 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102442 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102443 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102444 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102445 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102446 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102447 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102448 || Monitor image of offshore sand/mineral readings around coast of Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102449 || Presentation slide. Graph showing offshore sands - Cr spinels. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102450 || Presentation slide. Graph showing offshore sands - chromite. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102451 || Presentation slide. Graph showing offshore sands - Olivine. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102452 || View of Rhum from deck of ship. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102453 || View of Rhum from lab on ship. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102454 || View of Rhum from lab on ship. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102455 || Presentation slide. Graph of offshore sands showing percentages of calcite and olivine. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102456 || Presentation slide. Table of mineralogical analysis of samples TR1058 and TR1210. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102457 || Presentation slide. Table showing estimation of chromite content from whole-sand chemistry.  Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102458 || Presentation slide. Pi charts showing mineral composition. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102459 || Presentation slide. Section through Rhum shwing the different Layered Series. (Not BGS). Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102460 || Specimen of rock. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102461 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102462 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102463 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102464 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102465 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102466 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102467 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102468 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102469 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102470 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102471 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102472 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102473 || Members of excursion on boat to Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102474 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102475 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102476 || Members of excursion on boat to Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102477 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102478 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102479 || View of yacht, Rhum in distance. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102480 || Close up of igneous rock outcrop. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102481 || Bay at Harris with Bullough Mausoleum in distance, shallow dipping harrisites. Harris Bay, Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102482 || Generalised map of Scotland showing chromite areas (Rhum). Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102483 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102484 || Members of excursion on boat to Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102485 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102486 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102487 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102488 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102489 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102490 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102491 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102492 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102493 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102494 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102495 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102496 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102497 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102498 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102499 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102500 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102501 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102502 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102503 || View of Askival on Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102504 || View of Askival on Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102505 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102506 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102507 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102508 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102509 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102510 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102511 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102512 || View of Kinloch and harbour of Loch Scresort. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102513 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102514 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102515 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102516 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102517 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102518 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102519 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102520 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102521 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102522 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102523 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102524 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102525 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102526 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102527 || View of the lighthouse at Kinloch. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102528 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102529 || View of yacht, Rhum in distance. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102530 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102531 || Boat on Loch Scresort, Kinloch in distance Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102532 || View of Kinloch and harbour of Loch Scresort. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102533 || Cave on coast, Bagh na h-Uamha. Bagh na h-Uamha, Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102534 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102535 || View of yacht, Rhum in distance. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102536 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102537 || View of Rhum from offshore, Askival in middle of photograph. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102538 || View of Rhum from offshore, Hallival in middle of photograph. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102539 || Cave on coast, Bagh na h-Uamha. Bagh na h-Uamha, Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102540 || View of Rhum from offshore, Askival and Hallival on skyline. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102541 || View of Rhum from offshore, Askival and Hallival on skyline. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102542 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102543 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102544 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102545 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102546 || Excursion members relax on Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102547 || Small dinghy sails to Rhum from ship. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102548 || View of Rhum from offshore, Askival and Hallival on skyline. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102549 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102550 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102551 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102552 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102553 || View of Rhum from offshore. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102554 || Church at Kinloch on Rhum. Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102555 ||  Rhum. || 1987
|-
| P102556 ||  Rhum. || 1987
|}
== References ==
BASHAM, I R, BEDDOE-STEPHENS, B, and MACDONALD, A. 1989. Mineralogical assessment of submarine heavy mineral sands, southern Rhum. British Geological Survey Technical Report, WG/89/26. 12pp.
GALLAGHER, M J. 1974. Rutile and zircon in Northumbrian beach sands. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, (Section B. Applied earth science.), Vol. 83, B97–98.
GALLAGHER, M J. 1989. Marine deposits of olivine and chromite, Inner Hebrides. British Geological Survey Open File Data Package.
GALLAGHER, M J BASHAM, I R, and 10 others. 1989. [https://pubs.bgs.ac.uk/publications.html?pubID=B02868 Marine deposits of chromite and olivine, Inner Hebrides of Scotland. British Geological Survey Technical Report, WF/89/13]. British Geological Survey Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report, No. 106. 20pp.
GRIFFITHS, J. 1984. Olivine - exchanging new uses for old. Industrial Minerals, September 1984, 65–79.
POWER, T. 1985. Chromite - the non-metallurgical market. Industrial Minerals, April 1985, 17–51.
:Y are the Youngsters who have joined us of late,
:(Dr Lee has just whispered, “Mon Dieu! what a fate”.)
Z stands for Zeolite, Zircon or Zinc.
Mr Chairman, why damn it! it's time for a drink.

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Geological Survey of Ireland 1:63,360 maps

Sheet number Sheet name Publication date Statement of responsibility Map
 1 Malin Head December 1888 R.J. Cruise. View map
 2 Glengad Head December 1888 Geologically surveyed by Richard J. Cruise. View map
 3 Tory Island February 1889 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 4 Dunfanaghy July 1890 Geologically surveyed by S.B. Wilkinson, J. Nolan, R.J. Cruise F. Egan and A. McHenry. View map
 5 Carndonagh August 1890 Geologically surveyed by Richard J. Cruise. View map
 6 Moville June 1889 Geologically surveyed by J. Nolan, R.J. Cruise, F.W. Egan and A. McHenry. View map
 7 Giant's Causeway August 1887 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes, F.W. Egan and A. McHenry. View map
 8 Ballycastle August 1887 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes and Alex. McHenry. View map
 8 Ballycastle 1907 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes and Alex. McHenry. Carboniferous boundary revised in 1906 by Alex. McHenry (also minor revisions) Edition of 1907. View map
 9 Gweedore October 1889 Geologically surveyed by Joseph Nolan, F.W. Egan and J.R. Kilroe. View map
 10 Kilmacrenan August 1890 Geologically surveyed by G.H. Kinahan, S.B. Wilkinson, J. Nolan and A. McHenry. View map
 11 Londonderry February 1890 Geologically surveyed by G.H. Kinahan, J. Nolan and R.J. Cruise. View map
 12 Newtown Limavady October 1884 Geologically surveyed by J. Nolan and F.W. Egan. View map
 13 Coleraine November 1883 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan. View map
 13 Coleraine 1913 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan. No map image
 14 Cushendall June 1886 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes and A. McHenry. View map
 14 Cushendall 1913 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes and A. McHenry. Re-edited 1913. View map
 15 Dunglow April 1890 Geologically surveyed by J.R. Kilroe, A. McHenry and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 16 Letterkenny May 1890 Geologically surveyed by G.H. Kinahan, F.W. Egan, A. McHenry and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 17 Strabane December 1888 Geologically surveyed by G.H. Kinahan, S.B. Wilkinson, J. Nolan and F.W. Egan. View map
 18 Dungiven September 1884 Geologically surveyed by J. Nolan and F.W. Egan. View map
 19 Maghera December 1882 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan and W.A. Traill. View map
 20 Ballymena October 1883 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes and W.A. Traill. View map
 20 Ballymena 1969 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes and W.A. Traill. Reprinted for the Geological Survey of Northern Ireland [Print code] 50/69. View map
 21 Larne October 1869 Surveyed by G.V. Du Noyer. View map
 21 Larne 1883 Surveyed by Geo.V. Du Noyer. Revised 1883. Ordnance Survey, Revised Price 3/0 net. [In red ink.] View map
 21 Larne 1889 Surveyed by Geo.V. Du Noyer. No map image
 21 Larne 1947 Surveyed by G.V. Du Noyer. Revised 1883 [Print code] 60/4/47. View map
 22 Glen Bay August 1890 Geologically surveyed by J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 23 Glenties 1889 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes, J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 24 Donegal June 1887 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes, F.W. Egan, J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. Ordnance Survey, Revised Price 8/3 net. [In red ink.] View map
 24 Donegal 1891 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes, F.W. Egan, J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. Revised for Archaean rocks View map
 24 Donegal 1914 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes, F.W. Egan, J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. No map image
 24 Donegal 1965 Geologically surveyed by R.G. Symes, F.W. Egan, J.R. Kilroe and W.F. Mitchell. Re-edited 1914. Reprinted for the Geological Survey of Northern Ireland. 1965. [Print code] 60/65. View map
 25 Newtown Stewart December 1886 Geologically surveyed by S.B. Wilkinson, F.W. Egan and J.R. Kilroe. View map
 26 Draperstown October 1882 Geologically surveyed by J. Nolan. View map
 26 Draperstown 1963 Geologically surveyed by J. Nolan. Reprinted for the Geological Survey of Northern Ireland. [Print code] 60/63. View map
 27 Cookstown May 1880 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan. View map
 27 Cookstown 1966 Geologically surveyed by F.W. Egan. Reprinted for the Geological Survey of Northern Ireland. [Print code] 60/66 View map
 28 Antrim October 1874 Geologically surveyed by G.V. Du Noyer and W.E.L.E. Duffin. View map
 29 Carrickfergus December 1869 G.V. Du Noyer. Notes to the fossil localities by W.H. Baily. View map
 29 Carrickfergus 1883 G.V. Du Noyer. No map image
 29 Carrickfergus 1898 G.V. Du Noyer. Revised edition published 1883. The Silurian area revised by F.W. Egan 1898. View map
 29 Carrickfergus 1898 Revised edition published 1883. The Silurian area revised by F.W. Egan 1898. Ordnance Survey, Revised Price 3/9 net. [In red ink.] View map
 30 Kilcar August 1890 Geologically surveyed by W.F. Mitchell. View map
 31 Ballyshannon November 1888 Rich'd G. Symes and W.F. Mitchell. View map
 31 Ballyshannon 1890 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes and W.F. Mitchell. Metamorphic rocks east of Ballyshannon revised in 1890 by A. McHenry. View map
 31 Ballyshannon 1890 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes and W.F. Mitchell. Metamorphic rocks west of Ballyshannon revised in 1890 by A. McHenry. View map
 31 Ballyshannon 1913 Rich'd G. Symes and W.F. Mitchell. No map image
 32 Pettigoe November 1885 Geologically surveyed by Rich'd G. Symes, S.B. Wilkinson and W.F. Mitchell. View map

BGS175: 175th Anniversary Science Symposium of the founding of the British Geological Survey, 28th September, Royal Institution, London

The British Geological Survey is the world's oldest national geological survey and commemorated its 175th anniversary in 2010.

The event was marked by a one-day science symposium on 28 September 2010.

The symposium showcased our world-class science and technologies, demonstrating their relevance, societal benefits and positive impacts in addressing 21st century challenges; including living with environmental change, energy and natural resource security, rising CO2 emissions and geohazards.

  • Peak metal: Scarcity of supply or scare story?
  • Bronze Age Mediterraneans may have visited Stonehenge
  • Modelling of Icelandic volcanic ash particles

The event was attended by influential stakeholders including representatives from government, industry, academia, international geological surveys, students and the national media.

Guest speakers included Dr Marcia McNutt, and Professor Iain Stewart.

Britain's best-known natural history film-maker, Sir David Attenborough, featured in the panel discussion to close the symposium.

About the British Geological Survey, 2010.

Win a place at BGS175

The winners of a VIP day at the science symposium, featuring Sir David Attenborough, are listed in the table below.

Jonathan Wyatt, SHROPSHIRE Paul Colinese, LONDON
John Williams, SURREY Sophie Hibben, KENT
Lisa Allan, LONDON Rob Flanders, CHESHIRE
Vince Piper, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Steven Cadman, SURREY
Sahja Haji, LONDON Litsa Breingan, LONDON
Paul Dotteridge, HERTFORDSHIRE Stephen Metheringham, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
Milo Brook, OXFORDSHIRE Catherine Unsworth, LONDON

About the day

Symposium agenda

Download the oral programme 200 KB pdf

Keynote speakers and special guests

Video presentation: About the British Geological Survey - 175 years of geoscience
Sir David Attenborough wrote and narrated BBC's Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor
Marcia McNutt, USGS Director, Introduction to The National Map
Professor Iain Stewart in the BBC's How Earth Made Us. Iain tells the epic story of how the planet has shaped our history.

Presentations

Insert Video: Panel session

Morning session A
Opening address John Ludden, Executive Director, BGS
About the BGS - 175 years of geoscience
Twenty-first century survey Denis Peach, Chief Scientist, BGS
Acuity, accuracy and application: from systematic geological mapping to responsive 3D+ surveys Martin Smith, Head Geology & Landscape, BGS
From watercolour to web Keith Westhead, Head Knowledge Exchange, BGS
Keynote: Facing tomorrow’s challenges with integrated science Marcia McNutt, Director, USGS
Morning session B
OneGeology: improving access to geoscience globally Ian Jackson, Chief of Operations, BGS
North American liaisons Garth Earls, Director, GSNI
Arabian adventures: geological mapping and climate change in Arabia Andrew Farrant, Geologist, BGS
Groundwater animals: extending our understanding of biodiversity in the UK Louise Maurice, Groundwater ecologist, BGS
Life just got complicated Dr Phil Wilby, Geologist, BGS
Afternoon session A
Predict or prepare: natural hazards and human disasters David Kerridge, Head Earth Hazards & Systems, BGS
Groundwater, health and livelihoods in Africa Alan MacDonald, Hydrogeologist, BGS
Marine exploration Robert Gatliff, Head Marine Geoscience, BGS
Carbon capture and storage (CCS):demonstrating the concept Andy Chadwick, Head CO2 Storage Research, BGS
Future energy: renewable energy dividends from our coal mining legacy Diarmad Campbell, Chief Geologist, Scotland, BGS
Keynote: The human planet Iain Stewart, Professor of Geosciences, Communication, University of Plymouth
Afternoon session B
Malthus revisited? Population growth, environmental change and resource limits Andrew Bloodworth, Head Minerals & Waste, BGS
Looking forward to making predictions: BGS’s role in the next decade and beyond. Andrew Hughes, Hydrogeologist, BGS
Panel session
Featuring: Sir David Attenborough, Marcia McNutt (Director, USGS) Iain Stewart (Chair), Randy Parrish (Head of NIGL), Kathryn Goodenough (Geologist, BGS), Mike Ellis (Head of Climate Science, BGS).
Closing remarks
Closing remarks by Jon Gluyas (BGS Board Chair), and BUFI poster prize presentation.

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© Natural Resources Wales. All rights reserved. For use contact: Natural Resources Wales
Edward Greenly

Edward Greenly (1861–1951)

Cofir am Edward Greenly yn bennaf am ei arolwg daearegol o Ynys Môn, gwaith y bu wrthi am bron pum mlynedd ar hugain o’i fywyd.

Image caption: Edward Greenly. Llun trwy garedigrwydd Terry Williams

Edward Greenly (1861–1951)

Campwaith pennaf Edward Greenly oedd cwblhau arolwg daearegol manwl o Ynys Môn. Cyhoeddwyd The Geology of Anglesey (Volume 1 and Volume 2) mewn dwy gyfrol yn 1919 ac yna yn 1920 fap daearegol ar y raddfa un fodfedd i’r filltir. Er bod rhannau o’r gwaith wedi’u diweddaru yn ystod y degawdau dilynol, erys ei astudiaeth yn glasur o fri rhyngwladol.

Mapio Môn

Wrth fapio ynys Môn, gwnaeth Greenly ddefnydd mawr o syniadau tectonig a ddatblygodd wrth iddo fynd i’r afael â gwaith maes cynharach yn Ucheldiroedd yr Alban. Roedd tair prif broblem yn ei wynebu: prinder brigiadau da, yn enwedig mewn ardaloedd mewndirol allweddol bwysig; presenoldeb creigiau gorchuddiol clytiog yn cuddio yn aml y baslawr Cyn-Gambriaidd hŷn; a phresenoldeb toriadau tectonig megis ffawtiau a chylchfaoedd croesrym a oedd yn aml yn rhwystro’r gwaith o gydberthyn gwahanol ddilyniannau o greigiau. Chwaraeodd ei wraig Annie Greenly (Barnard gynt), a oedd yn rhannu ei ddiddordeb mewn daeareg a diwinyddiaeth, rôl hollbwysig drwy baratoi’r mynegai i’w gyfrol.

Ganed Greenly ym Mryste ac fe’i haddysgwyd yng Ngholeg Clifton. Bu’n fyfyriwr yng Ngholeg y Brifysgol, Llundain, cyn ymuno â’r Arolwg Daearegol yn 1889. Yn gyntaf, bu gofyn iddo baratoi arolwg o Ucheldiroedd gogledd-orllewin yr Alban. Daeth yn ffrind agos ac yn gydweithiwr i Ben Peach yr oedd ei archwiliadau wedi bod yn gyfrwng i ddatrys adeiledd cymhleth yr Alban (gan gynnwys adnabod a sylweddoli arwyddocâd Gwthiad Moine). Rhoddodd Greenly y gorau i’w waith gyda’r Arolwg yn 1895 er mwyn iddo, o’i ben a’i bastwn ei hun. roi cychwyn ar ei arolwg o Ynys Môn.

Cyfraniadau pwysig i ddaeareg

Yn gydnabyddiaeth am ei gyfraniadau pwysig i ddaeareg, cafodd Edward Greenly ei dderbyn yn aelod er anrhydedd o gymdeithasau daearegol Caeredin a Lerpwl, a Chymdeithas Hynafiaethwyr Môn. Dyfarnwyd iddo Fedal Lyell, fawr ei bri, y Gymdeithas Ddaearegol yn 1920, medal Cymdeithas Ddaearegol Lerpwl yn 1933 a doethuriaeth er anrhydedd Prifysgol Cymru yn 1920.

Ar y cyd â Howel Williams, cyhoeddodd Greenly Methods of Geological Surveying yn 1930 a’i hunangofiant A Hand through Time: Memories Romantic and Geological a ymddangosodd yn 1938. Bu farw ym Mangor yn 1951 ac yn briodol iawn fe’i claddwyd ym mynwent Llangristiolus, Ynys Môn. Mae ei fedd wedi’i gyfnodi’n Safle Geoamrywiaeth o Bwysigrwydd Rhanbarthol (RIGS).

Table

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