OR/14/009 Stratigraphy: Difference between revisions

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Line 58: Line 58:
| Bivalvia:  || ''?Cremnoceramus denselamellatus''
| Bivalvia:  || ''?Cremnoceramus denselamellatus''
|-
|-
| || ''Cremnoceramus'''' ''ex gr. ''waltersdorfensis''
| || ''Cremnoceramus''' ex gr. ''waltersdorfensis''
|-
|-
| Echinoidea: || ''Micraster? ''(test fragments)
| Echinoidea: || ''Micraster? ''(test fragments)
|-
|-
| || ''?Plesiocorys placenta''''
| || ''?Plesiocorys placenta''
|-
|-
| || ''''Plesiocorys? ''(test fragments)
| || ''Plesiocorys? ''(test fragments)
|-
|-
| Ichnofossils:||''Zoophycos ''(in marl preservation)
| Ichnofossils:||''Zoophycos ''(in marl preservation)
|}
|}


Most of the material was collected from distinctly soft chalk with ''Zoophycos''. The section also includes patchily hard, iron-stained, sponge-rich chalk, thin, anastomosing sheet flints, highly carious nodular flints and hollow-centred tubular flints.
Most of the material was collected from distinctly soft chalk with ''Zoophycos''. The section also includes patchily hard, iron-stained, sponge-rich chalk, thin, anastomosing sheet flints, highly carious nodular flints and hollow-centred tubular flints.


 
'''Interpretation''': The association of the above fauna with soft chalk containing marl-preserved ''Zoophycos ''suggests the equivalent of the Cuilfail Zoophycos in the upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.
 
'''Interpretation''': The association of the above fauna with soft chalk containing marl-preserved
 
 
 
''Zoophycos ''suggests the equivalent of the Cuilfail Zoophycos in the upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.
 
 


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, mid Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian, upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, mid Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian, upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.


{|
| '''(4)'''         
| colspan="3" | Old chalk pit near Hammond's End, just north of road to Checkendon, and c. 100 m NW of Wheeler's Farm, near Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16655 – 16659
| 1:10 000    SU68SE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 65495 83854
|}


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The fauna, includes a shell fragment of the bivalve ''Cremnoceramus? ''and the echinoid ''Micraster'' sp. (in patchily hard chalk).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(4)          '''!--[endif]-->Old chalk pit near Hammond's End, just north of road to Checkendon, and c. 100 m NW of Wheeler's Farm, near Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16655 – 16659                1:10 000    SU68SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65495 83854
 
 
 
The fauna, includes a shell fragment of the bivalve ''Cremnoceramus? ''and the echinoid ''Micraster''
 
 
 
sp. (in patchily hard chalk).
 
 


'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?upper  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk;  ?Coniacian,  ?''M.'''' cortestudinarium ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?upper  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk;  ?Coniacian,  ?''M.'''' cortestudinarium ''Zone.




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{|
 
| '''(5)'''
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(5)         '''!--[endif]-->Old chalk pit 270 m WNW of Wheeler's Farm, north of Woodcote, Oxfordshire. Specimen nos: WMD 16660 – 16672                                        1:10 000    SU68SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65287 83861
 


| colspan="3" | Old chalk pit 270 m WNW of Wheeler's Farm, north of Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16660 – 16672
| 1:10 000    SU68SE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 65287 83861
|}


The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Cremnoceramus'', including ''C. crassus''.
The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Cremnoceramus'', including ''C. crassus''.


'''Interpretation''': ''Cremnoceramus crassus ''is typical of the ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone, and the higher part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk can be inferred. However, the succession from which the material was collected is not typical of the Lewes Nodular Chalk, comprising soft, smooth- textured chalk with large nodular and semitabular flints.
'''Interpretation''': ''Cremnoceramus crassus ''is typical of the ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone, and the higher part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk can be inferred. However, the succession from which the material was collected is not typical of the Lewes Nodular Chalk, comprising soft, smooth- textured chalk with large nodular and semitabular flints.


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, equivalent to upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Coniacian, ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, equivalent to upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Coniacian, ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone.




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{|
 
|'''(6)'''
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(6)         '''!--[endif]-->Old chalk pit on Nuffield Hill, on north side of road, 500 m WNW of Nuffield church, Oxfordshire.


| colspan="3" | Old chalk pit on Nuffield Hill, on north side of road, 500 m WNW of Nuffield church, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16679 – 16694
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 66367 87634
|}


Specimen nos: WMD 16679 – 16694                1:10 000    SU68NE
NGR: SU 66367 87634
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
The fauna comprises the oyster ''Pycnodonte vesiculare'', common shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Platyceramus ''and the echinoid ''Micraster ''sp. (fragment). The material was collected from a c. 1 m interval of soft, flinty, locally very sponge-rich chalk.
The fauna comprises the oyster ''Pycnodonte vesiculare'', common shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Platyceramus ''and the echinoid ''Micraster ''sp. (fragment). The material was collected from a c. 1 m interval of soft, flinty, locally very sponge-rich chalk.


'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''occurs at and above the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone. Field relationships for nearby localities favour the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone (see ('''23''') to ('''26''') below), and the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.
'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''occurs at and above the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone. Field relationships for nearby localities favour the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone (see ('''23''') to ('''26''') below), and the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.


'''Conclusion''':                      White    Chalk          Subgroup,              Seaford        Chalk              Formation;        ?Coniacian,          ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':                      White    Chalk          Subgroup,              Seaford        Chalk              Formation;        ?Coniacian,          ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.


 
{| (7)
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| colspan="3" | SE face of large old quarry now used for storage of rubbish skips. 250 m SE of Potter's Farm, SE of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16695 – 16702
 
|  1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65600 89175
 
|}
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(7)         '''!--[endif]-->SE face of large old quarry now used for storage of rubbish skips. 250 m SE of Potter's Farm, SE of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16695 – 16702               1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65600 89175
 
 


The material was collected from a c. 5 m section comprising weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part, passing upwards into strongly nodular chalk capped by glauconitised hardgrounds (Fig. 1). Horizon details refere to Fig. 1.
The material was collected from a c. 5 m section comprising weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part, passing upwards into strongly nodular chalk capped by glauconitised hardgrounds (Fig. 1). Horizon details refere to Fig. 1.


{|
| <u>H</u>orizon: || I. cuvieri Horizon
|-
| Brachiopoda: || ''Terebratulina lata ''
|-
| Bivalvia: || ''Inoceramus cuvieri''
|}


 
{|
<u>H</u>orizon: I. cuvieri Horizon Brachiopoda:                            ''Terebratulina lata ''Bivalvia:                            ''Inoceramus cuvieri''
| <u>H</u>orizon: || Fognam Marl
 
|-
 
| Foramninifera: || ''Labyrinthydoma''''
 
|-
'' ''
| ''Bivalvia: || ''Inoceramus cuvieri''
 
|}
 
 
<u>H</u>orizon: Fognam Marl Foramninifera:                             ''Labyrinthydoma'''' ''Bivalvia:                             ''Inoceramus cuvieri''
 
 


There is a sharp downward change below the Fognam Marl to distinctly less nodular chalk.
There is a sharp downward change below the Fognam Marl to distinctly less nodular chalk.


'''Interpretation''': The presence of ''Labyrinthidoma ''confirms the identity of the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore, 1986) and the fauna is characteristic of the upper ''T. lata ''Zone. Lithologically, the section largely equates with the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation, although the weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part of the section is probably coeval with upper New Pit Chalk seen elsewhere in the Chilterns. The hardgrounds at the top of the section represent the lower part of the Chalk Rock Member.
'''Interpretation''': The presence of ''Labyrinthidoma ''confirms the identity of the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore, 1986) and the fauna is characteristic of the upper ''T. lata ''Zone. Lithologically, the section largely equates with the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation, although the weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part of the section is probably coeval with upper New Pit Chalk seen elsewhere in the Chilterns. The hardgrounds at the top of the section represent the lower part of the Chalk Rock Member.


'''Conclusion''': White Chalk Subgroup, ?topmost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation (including Chalk Rock Member); Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''': White Chalk Subgroup, ?topmost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation (including Chalk Rock Member); Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.




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{|
 
| '''(8)'''
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(8)         '''!--[endif]-->Burrow brash on west side of footpath (Grindon Lane), c. 560 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16703 – 16708                1:10 000    SU69SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65651 90058
 


| colspan="3" | Burrow brash on west side of footpath (Grindon Lane), c. 560 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16703 – 16708
| 1:10 000    SU69SE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 65651 90058
|}


The material comprises hard, shelly chalk with the bivalve ''Mytiloides'', including ''Mytiloides mytiloides''.
The material comprises hard, shelly chalk with the bivalve ''Mytiloides'', including ''Mytiloides mytiloides''.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian, ''Mytiloides ''spp. Zone.


 
{|
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian,
| (9)
 
| colspan="3" | Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
''Mytiloides ''spp. Zone.
| Specimen nos: WMD 16709 – 16714
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
| 1:10 000    SU69SE
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(9)          '''!--[endif]-->Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65800 90000
 
|}
Specimen nos: WMD 16709 – 16714               1:10 000    SU69SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65800 90000
 




The fauna is a generalised collection from the extensive spoil seen at this locality. Subsequent collections (see ('''10''') to ('''12''') below) are more localised. The material includes a thin-shelled inoceramid and the echinoid ''Cardiaster ''sp.
The fauna is a generalised collection from the extensive spoil seen at this locality. Subsequent collections (see ('''10''') to ('''12''') below) are more localised. The material includes a thin-shelled inoceramid and the echinoid ''Cardiaster ''sp.


'''Conclusion''':        None possible.
'''Conclusion''':        None possible.




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{|
 
| '''(10)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16715 – 16717
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65703 89932
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(10)     '''!--[endif]-->Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
|}
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16715 – 16717               1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65703 89932
 
 


The fauna includes the brachiopod ''Terebratulina lata ''and an indeterminate inoceramid shell fragment.
The fauna includes the brachiopod ''Terebratulina lata ''and an indeterminate inoceramid shell fragment.


'''Interpretation''': Field relationships wirh material collected at ('''8''') (above) suggest assignment to the basal ''T. lata ''Zone, and the basal New Pit Chalk Formation might be inferred.
'''Interpretation''': Field relationships wirh material collected at ('''8''') (above) suggest assignment to the basal ''T. lata ''Zone, and the basal New Pit Chalk Formation might be inferred.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
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| '''(11)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16718 – 16721
 
| 1:10 000    SU69SE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 66265 90504
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(11)     '''!--[endif]-->Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16718 – 16721               1:10 000    SU69SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 66265 90504
 
 


The material comprises chalk with shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Mytiloides''.
The material comprises chalk with shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Mytiloides''.


'''Interpretation''': The fauna, and field relationships with ('''8''') and ('''10''') above, suggest assignment to the ''Mytiloides ''spp. Zone and the Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation.
'''Interpretation''': The fauna, and field relationships with ('''8''') and ('''10''') above, suggest assignment to the ''Mytiloides ''spp. Zone and the Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian,
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian,


 
{|
 
| '''(12)'''
''Mytiloides ''spp. Zone.
| colspan="3" | Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
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| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16722 – 16724
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65837 89860
 
|}
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(12)     '''!--[endif]-->Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16722 – 16724               1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65837 89860
 
 


The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve ''Mytiloides ''ex gr. ''hercynicus ''– ''subhercynicus''.
The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve ''Mytiloides ''ex gr. ''hercynicus ''– ''subhercynicus''.


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal ''T. lata ''Zone.
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(13)      '''!--[endif]-->Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 1). Specimen nos: WMD 16725 – 16728                                        1:10 000    SU68NE
NGR: SU 65578 85631


{|
| '''(13)'''
| colspan="3" | Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 1).
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16725 – 16728
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 65578 85631
|}


The fauna is as follows:
The fauna is as follows:


 
{|
 
| Bivalvia: || ''Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis hannoverensis?''
Bivalvia:     ''Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis hannoverensis?''
|-
 
| || ''Cremnoceramus? ''(fragment)
 
|-
 
| ''Inoceramus lusatiae
''Cremnoceramus? ''(fragment) ''Inoceramus lusatiae Inoceramus ''sp.
|-
 
| || Inoceramus ''sp.
 
|}


'''Conclusion''': White Chalk Subgroup, middle Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; early Coniacian, basal ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone. The material probably represents a level at or slightly above the Navigation Marls of Sussex.
'''Conclusion''': White Chalk Subgroup, middle Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; early Coniacian, basal ''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone. The material probably represents a level at or slightly above the Navigation Marls of Sussex.


 
{|
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| '''(14)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 2).
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16729 – 16734
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: 65554 85619
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(14)     '''!--[endif]-->Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 2). Specimen nos: WMD 16729 – 16734                                       1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: 65554 85619
 
 


The  fauna  includes  the  bivalve  ''Cremnoceramus  waltersdorfensis  hannoverensis?  ''and  the echinoid ''Micraster ''sp.
The  fauna  includes  the  bivalve  ''Cremnoceramus  waltersdorfensis  hannoverensis?  ''and  the echinoid ''Micraster ''sp.


'''Conclusion''': As for ('''13''') above.


 
{|
'''Conclusion''':        As for ('''13''') above.
| '''(15)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 3).
 
|-
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| Specimen no.:
 
| WMD 16735
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65536 85616
 
|}
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(15)     '''!--[endif]-->Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 3). Specimen no.: WMD 16735                                                     1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65536 85616
 
 


The specimen is the echinoid ''Micraster ''(specifically indeterminate), glauconitised and associated with a hardground.
The specimen is the echinoid ''Micraster ''(specifically indeterminate), glauconitised and associated with a hardground.


'''Interpretation''': The hardground is inferred to represent the highest unit (Hitch Wood Hardground) of the Chalk Rock Member. In more basinal settings, the so-called 'large forms' of ''Micraster leskei ''(''M. leskei '''''magna''') are associated with a marl (Lewes Marl) that overlies strongly nodular chalks that are coeval with the Hitch Wood Hardground. The lowermost hardground of the inferred Chalk Rock was seen at [SU 65513 85602] (Locality 4), faulted, with a downthrow of c. 0.4 m into the hillside.
'''Interpretation''': The hardground is inferred to represent the highest unit (Hitch Wood Hardground) of the Chalk Rock Member. In more basinal settings, the so-called 'large forms' of ''Micraster leskei ''(''M. leskei '''''magna''') are associated with a marl (Lewes Marl) that overlies strongly nodular chalks that are coeval with the Hitch Wood Hardground. The lowermost hardground of the inferred Chalk Rock was seen at [SU 65513 85602] (Locality 4), faulted, with a downthrow of c. 0.4 m into the hillside.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian, ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.


{|
| '''(16)'''
| colspan="3" | Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 5).
|-
|
| Specimen no.:
| WMD 16736
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
|-
|
| NGR: SU 65509 85599
|}


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian,
The material, collected from a plastic-textured marl, includes the brachiopod ''Terebratulina lata'' and questionable specimens of the giant agglutinating foraminifer ''Labyrinthydoma''.
 
 
 
''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.
 
 
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(16)      '''!--[endif]-->Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 5). Specimen no.: WMD 16736                                                      1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65509 85599
 
 
 
The material, collected from a plastic-textured marl, includes the brachiopod ''Terebratulina lata''


and questionable specimens of the giant agglutinating foraminifer ''Labyrinthydoma''.
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
'''Interpretation''': The above fauna, lithology and field relationships strongly suggest that the marl seam is the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore 1986) in the upper ''T. lata ''Zone, and the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred.
'''Interpretation''': The above fauna, lithology and field relationships strongly suggest that the marl seam is the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore 1986) in the upper ''T. lata ''Zone, and the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk; upper ''T. lata ''Zone, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk; upper ''T. lata ''Zone, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation.


 
{|
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| '''(17)'''
 
| Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 6).
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16737 – 16739
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65504 85597
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(17)     '''!--[endif]-->Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 6). Specimen nos: WMD 16737 – 16739                                       1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65504 85597
 
 


The material comprises specimens of the inoceramid bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', collected from the succession just below the inferred Fognam Marl at ('''16''') (above).
The material comprises specimens of the inoceramid bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', collected from the succession just below the inferred Fognam Marl at ('''16''') (above).


'''Interpretation''': The record of common ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''at this locality and also ('''7''') (above) is notable. At some localities a hardground (Ogbourne Hardground) is present below the Fognam Marl, and was stated by Gale (1996) to eliminate the higher part of the New Pit Chalk containing the acme of ''I. cuvieri''. Slightly lower in the succession at this locality, at [SU 65492 85583], is a thick (0.17 m), grey marl associated with typical New Pit Chalk.
'''Interpretation''': The record of common ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''at this locality and also ('''7''') (above) is notable. At some localities a hardground (Ogbourne Hardground) is present below the Fognam Marl, and was stated by Gale (1996) to eliminate the higher part of the New Pit Chalk containing the acme of ''I. cuvieri''. Slightly lower in the succession at this locality, at [SU 65492 85583], is a thick (0.17 m), grey marl associated with typical New Pit Chalk.


'''Conclusion''':              White  Chalk  Subgroup,  basal  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk  Formation;  Turonian, uppermost ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White  Chalk  Subgroup,  basal  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk  Formation;  Turonian, uppermost ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
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| '''(18)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Tree roots exposure of Chalk adjacent to track in Icknieldbank Plantation, east of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16740 – 16744
 
| 1:10 000    SU69SE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 66870 91501
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(18)     '''!--[endif]-->Tree roots exposure of Chalk adjacent to track in Icknieldbank Plantation, east of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16740 – 16744               1:10 000    SU69SE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 66870 91501
 
 


The material comprises specimens of the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri?''.
The material comprises specimens of the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri?''.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?New Pit Chalk Formation; ?Turonian, ?''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?New Pit Chalk Formation; ?Turonian, ?''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
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| '''(19)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Overgrown exposure of Chalk adjacent to footpath on Watlington Hill, c. 200 m WSW of car park on Watlington Hill, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16745 – 16747
 
| 1:10 000    SU79SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 70771 93456
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(19)     '''!--[endif]-->Overgrown exposure of Chalk adjacent to footpath on Watlington Hill, c. 200 m WSW of car park on Watlington Hill, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16745 – 16747               1:10 000    SU79SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 70771 93456
 
 


The fauna is indeterminate.
The fauna is indeterminate.


'''Conclusion''':        None possible.
'''Conclusion''':        None possible.


 
{|
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| '''(20)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Small, overgrown quarry on Watlington Hill adjacent to footpath, c. 670 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16748 – 16762
 
| 1:10 000    SU79SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 70644 93430
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(20)     '''!--[endif]-->Small, overgrown quarry on Watlington Hill adjacent to footpath, c. 670 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16748 – 16762               1:10 000    SU79SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 70644 93430
 
 


The fauna, collected from patchily hard and soft chalk with nodular and thin sheet flints, is as follows:
The fauna, collected from patchily hard and soft chalk with nodular and thin sheet flints, is as follows:


{|
| Bryozoa: || bryozoan
|-
| Bivalvia: || ''Cremnoceramus? ''(shell fragments)
|-
| || ''?C. deformis erectus''
|-
| Echinoidea: || indeterminate test fragment
|-
| || cidarid spine


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone. The presence of thin sheet flints is consistent with this speculative conclusion.


Bryozoa:              bryozoan
{|
 
| '''(21)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Small overgrown quarry with good brash of hard, nodular chalk; c. 400 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
Bivalvia:              ''Cremnoceramus? ''(shell fragments)
|
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
| Specimen nos:
''?C. deformis erectus''
| WMD 16763 – 16766
 
| 1:10 000    SU79SW
 
|-
 
|
Echinoidea:          indeterminate test fragment
| NGR: SU 70368 93329
 
|}
 
 
cidarid spine
 
 
 
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian,
 
 
 
?''M. cortestudinarium ''Zone. The presence of thin sheet flints is consistent with this speculative conclusion.
 
 
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(21)      '''!--[endif]-->Small overgrown quarry with good brash of hard, nodular chalk; c. 400 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16763 – 16766               1:10 000    SU79SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 70368 93329
 
 


The fauna is as follows:
The fauna is as follows:


 
{|
 
| Bivalvia: || inoceramid shell fragments including ''Mytiloides?''
Bivalvia:             inoceramid shell fragments including ''Mytiloides?''
|-
 
| Echinoidea: || ''Cardiaster ''sp. (small)
 
 
Echinoidea:         ''Cardiaster ''sp. (small)
 
 


'''Interpretation''': Lithology and field relationships suggest a level around the middle part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation. The fauna is not biozonally diagnostic, but is compatible with a level in the upper part of the ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone, where ''Mytiloides ''and ''Cardiaster ''both occur.
'''Interpretation''': Lithology and field relationships suggest a level around the middle part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation. The fauna is not biozonally diagnostic, but is compatible with a level in the upper part of the ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone, where ''Mytiloides ''and ''Cardiaster ''both occur.


'''Conclusion''': White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?middle  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk  Formation;  ?late Turonian, ?upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.


 
{|
'''Conclusion''':              White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?middle  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk  Formation;  ?late Turonian, ?upper ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone.
| '''(22)'''
 
| colspan="3" | c. 280 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land [at SU 70010 93199], near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
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|
 
| Specimen no.:
 
| WMD 16767
 
| 1:10 000    SU79SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 70263 93313
 
|}
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(22)      '''!--[endif]-->c. 280 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land [at SU 70010 93199], near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen no.: WMD 16767                               1:10 000    SU79SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 70263 93313
 
 


The specimen is an inoceramid shell fragment, possibly representing ''Inoceramus cuvieri''. The specimen occurs in relatively soft chalk, but is associated with brash of hard, nodular chalk, and locally intensely hard chalkstone.
The specimen is an inoceramid shell fragment, possibly representing ''Inoceramus cuvieri''. The specimen occurs in relatively soft chalk, but is associated with brash of hard, nodular chalk, and locally intensely hard chalkstone.


'''Interpretation''': The specimen questionably suggests the upper part of the ''T. lata ''Zone, and the range of associated chalk brash is consistent with a level around the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations.
'''Interpretation''': The specimen questionably suggests the upper part of the ''T. lata ''Zone, and the range of associated chalk brash is consistent with a level around the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations.


'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?including  junction  of  New  Pit  Chalk  and  Lewes Nodular Chalk formations; ?Turonian, ?upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  ?including  junction  of  New  Pit  Chalk  and  Lewes Nodular Chalk formations; ?Turonian, ?upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
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| '''(23)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Grim's Ditch, c. 350 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16768 – 16780
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 66492 87121
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(23)     '''!--[endif]-->Grim's Ditch, c. 350 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire. Specimen nos: WMD 16768 – 16780                                       1:10 000    SU68NE NGR: SU 66492 87121
 
 


The fauna comprises shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Platyceramus'', including thick- shelled examples (>5 mm). The specimens occur in chalk that is patchily hard, with flints and sponge remains.
The fauna comprises shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve ''Platyceramus'', including thick- shelled examples (>5 mm). The specimens occur in chalk that is patchily hard, with flints and sponge remains.


 
'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''is most typical of the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone, although it also occurs at younger horizons. Field relationship with the occurrence of basal Lewes Nodular Chalk at ('''25''') below favours assignment to the lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the lower Seaford Chalk Formation. The record of hard, nodular chalk facies in the Seaford Chalk is not typical and may point to localised tectonic influence on lithofacies development.
 
'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''is most typical of the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone, although it also occurs at younger horizons. Field relationship with the occurrence of basal Lewes Nodular Chalk at ('''25''') below favours assignment to the lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the lower Seaford
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
Chalk Formation. The record of hard, nodular chalk facies in the Seaford Chalk is not typical and may point to localised tectonic influence on lithofacies development.
 
 


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.


 
{|
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| '''(24)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Grim's Ditch, c. 430 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos: WMD 16781 – 16783
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 66407 87118
 
|}
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(24)     '''!--[endif]-->Grim's Ditch, c. 430 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire. Specimen nos: WMD 16781 – 16783                                       1:10 000    SU68NE NGR: SU 66407 87118
 
 


The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Platyceramus''. This locality is close to ('''23''') above.
The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Platyceramus''. This locality is close to ('''23''') above.


'''Interpretation''':  As for ('''23''') above.
'''Interpretation''':  As for ('''23''') above.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(25)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Eastern end of exposure in Grim's Ditch just west of Morrell's Bottom, c. 600 m SSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16784 – 16796
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65457 87276
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(25)     '''!--[endif]-->Eastern end of exposure in Grim's Ditch just west of Morrell's Bottom, c. 600 m SSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16784 – 16796               1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65457 87276
 
 


The fauna, associated with intensely hard, nodular, grainey-textured chalk, includes the bivalves ''Spondylus spinosus ''and ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', an oyster and an echinoid test fragment. Chalk at the western end of this locality is firm and sponge-rich, and also contains ''I. cuvieri''.
The fauna, associated with intensely hard, nodular, grainey-textured chalk, includes the bivalves ''Spondylus spinosus ''and ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', an oyster and an echinoid test fragment. Chalk at the western end of this locality is firm and sponge-rich, and also contains ''I. cuvieri''.


'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''suggests the upper ''T. lata ''or basal ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology at the eastern end of the exposure favours the lower (probably basal) Lewes Nodular Chalk, in which the long-ranging ''S. spinosus ''has local acmes. The western part of the exposure is probably New Pit Chalk Formation
'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''suggests the upper ''T. lata ''or basal ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology at the eastern end of the exposure favours the lower (probably basal) Lewes Nodular Chalk, in which the long-ranging ''S. spinosus ''has local acmes. The western part of the exposure is probably New Pit Chalk Formation


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, uppermost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, uppermost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(26)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Grim's Ditch, c. 1 km WSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16797 – 16801
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 64852 87369
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(26)     '''!--[endif]-->Grim's Ditch, c. 1 km WSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire. Specimen nos: WMD 16797 – 16801                                       1:10 000    SU68NW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 64852 87369
 
 


The fauna, insoft, blocky chalk, includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri''.
The fauna, insoft, blocky chalk, includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri''.


'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''suggests the upper ''T. lata ''or lower ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology and field relations with ('''25''') (above) favour assignment to the New Pit Chalk and the ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''suggests the upper ''T. lata ''or lower ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology and field relations with ('''25''') (above) favour assignment to the New Pit Chalk and the ''T. lata ''Zone.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(27)'''
 
| colspan="3" | One of a series of old chalk pits on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16802 – 16803
 
| 1:10 000    SU68SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 64617 84356
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(27)     '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pits on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16802 – 16803               1:10 000    SU68SW
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
NGR: SU 64617 84356
 
 


The fauna comprises the brachiopod ''Orbirhynchia? ''and the inoceramid bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri''. The specimens were collected from a c. 1.5 m thick section of soft, marly chalk, capped by 0.7 m of nodular chalk overlain by soil brash of chalkstone including fragments of mineralised hardground.
The fauna comprises the brachiopod ''Orbirhynchia? ''and the inoceramid bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri''. The specimens were collected from a c. 1.5 m thick section of soft, marly chalk, capped by 0.7 m of nodular chalk overlain by soil brash of chalkstone including fragments of mineralised hardground.


'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone. The observed lithological variation in the section suggests that it straddles the boundary of the New Pit and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, in the upper ''T. lata ''Zone. The fragments of mineralised hardground in the soil brash almost certainly represent the Chalk Rock Member, but are probably not in situ.
'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone. The observed lithological variation in the section suggests that it straddles the boundary of the New Pit and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, in the upper ''T. lata ''Zone. The fragments of mineralised hardground in the soil brash almost certainly represent the Chalk Rock Member, but are probably not in situ.


'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  junction  of  New  Pit  and  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk formations; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  junction  of  New  Pit  and  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk formations; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(28)'''
 
| colspan="3" | One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16804 – 16807
 
| 1:10 000    SU68SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 64549 84402
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(28)     '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16804 – 16807               1:10 000    SU68SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 64549 84402
 
 


The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.
The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.


'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone. The lithology (soft, non-nodular chalk), and field relation with ('''27''') (above) suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation and the upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S''.) ''plana ''Zone. The lithology (soft, non-nodular chalk), and field relation with ('''27''') (above) suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation and the upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(29)'''
 
| colspan="3" | One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16808 – 16810
 
| 1:10 000    SU68SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 64525 84426
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(29)     '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16808 – 16810               1:10 000    SU68SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 64525 84426
 
 


The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.
The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.


'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above
'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


{|
| '''(30)'''
| colspan="3" |  One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16811 – 16814
| 1:10 000    SU68SW
|-
|
| NGR: SU 64519 84447
|}


!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
The  fauna  includes  the  brachiopod  ''Terebratulina  striatula  ''and  the  inoceramid  bivalve ''?Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(30)      '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16811 – 16814                1:10 000    SU68SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 64519 84447
 
 
 
The  fauna  includes  the  brachiopod  ''Terebratulina  striatula  ''and  the  inoceramid  bivalve
 
 
 
''?Inoceramus'''' cuvieri''.
 
 


'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above.
'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above.


'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':              White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(31)      '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16815 – 16819                1:10 000    SU68SW
NGR: SU 64511 84464


{|
| '''(31)'''
| colspan="3" | One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
|-
|
| Specimen nos:
| WMD 16815 – 16819
| 1:10 000    SU68SW
|-
|
| NGR: SU 64511 84464
|}


The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve ''?Inoceramus cuvieri''.
The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve ''?Inoceramus cuvieri''.


'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above.
'''Interpretation''':  As ('''28''') above.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| (32)
 
| colspan="3" | One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16820 – 16821
 
|  1:10 000    SU68SW
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 64502 84509
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(32)     '''!--[endif]-->One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen nos: WMD 16820 – 16821               1:10 000    SU68SW
 
 
 
NGR: SU 64502 84509
 
 


The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments.
The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments.


'''Interpretation''': Lithology, and field relations with ('''27''') (above), suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation.
'''Interpretation''': Lithology, and field relations with ('''27''') (above), suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| '''(33)'''
 
| colspan="3" | Lower part of cutting on Berins Hill, near Well Place, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen nos:
 
| WMD 16822 – 16825
 
| 1:10 000 SU68SE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65087 84910
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(33)     '''!--[endif]-->Lower part of cutting on Berins Hill, near Well Place, Oxfordshire. Specimen nos: WMD 16822 – 16825                                       1:10 000 SU68SE NGR: SU 65087 84910
 
 


The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', collected from soft, blocky chalk with occasional nodular flints forming the lower part of the section. Up-section there is a rapid transition into very hard, sponge-rich chalk.
The fauna includes the bivalve ''Inoceramus cuvieri'', collected from soft, blocky chalk with occasional nodular flints forming the lower part of the section. Up-section there is a rapid transition into very hard, sponge-rich chalk.


'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone. The strong lithological variation shown in the section suggests that it spans the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, and the upper ''T. lata'''' ''Zone can be inferred.
'''Interpretation''': ''Inoceramus'''' ''''cuvieri ''spans the upper ''T. lata ''Zone and lower ''P''. (''S.'') ''plana ''Zone. The strong lithological variation shown in the section suggests that it spans the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, and the upper ''T. lata'''' ''Zone can be inferred.


'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  junction  of  New  Pit  and  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk formations; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White  Chalk  Subgroup,  junction  of  New  Pit  and  Lewes  Nodular  Chalk formations; Turonian, upper ''T. lata ''Zone.


 
{|
!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]> SHAPE  \* MERGEFORMAT ![endif]-->!--[if gte vml 1]>      !--[if !vml]-->[[File:clip_image001.gif|630px]]!--[endif]-->!--[if mso & !supportInlineShapes & supportFields]>  ![endif]-->
| (34)
 
| colspan="3" | In ditch by track at south-west corner of Bixmoor Wood, 1.81 km ENE of Ipsden Church, near Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
 
|-
 
|
 
| Specimen no.:
 
| ARF 2688
 
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 65160 86120
 
|}
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(34)     '''!--[endif]-->In ditch by track at south-west corner of Bixmoor Wood, 1.81 km ENE of Ipsden Church, near Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
 
 
 
Specimen no.: ARF 2688                                   1:10 000    SU68NE
 
 
 
NGR: SU 65160 86120
 
 


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Platyceramus''.
The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalve ''Platyceramus''.


'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''is most typical of the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone, but also occurs at younger horizons. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, assignment to the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the Seaford Chalk Formation is questionably inferred.
'''Interpretation''': ''Platyceramus'''' ''is most typical of the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone, but also occurs at younger horizons. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, assignment to the ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the Seaford Chalk Formation is questionably inferred.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian, ?''M. coranguinum ''Zone.


 
{|
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian,
| (35)
 
| colspan="3" | >Old chalk pit on north side of road on Nuffield Hill, 500 m NW of Nuffield Church.
 
|-
 
|
?''M. coranguinum ''Zone.
| Specimen no.:
</div> <br clear="all">  <div>
| ARF 2689
!--[if !supportLists]-->'''(35)      '''!--[endif]-->Old chalk pit on north side of road on Nuffield Hill, 500 m NW of Nuffield Church. Specimen no.: ARF 2689                                                           1:10 000    SU68NE
| 1:10 000    SU68NE
 
|-
 
|
 
| NGR: SU 66360 87630
NGR: SU 66360 87630
|}
 
 


The  specimen  comprises  shell  fragments  of  the  bivalves  ''Platyceramus  ''and  ''Volviceramus involutus ''(right valve and ?left valve fragments).
The  specimen  comprises  shell  fragments  of  the  bivalves  ''Platyceramus  ''and  ''Volviceramus involutus ''(right valve and ?left valve fragments).


'''Interpretation''':  The  association  of  ''Platyceramus  ''and  ''V.  involutus  ''indicates  the  lower  ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the lower part of the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.
'''Interpretation''':  The  association  of  ''Platyceramus  ''and  ''V.  involutus  ''indicates  the  lower  ''M. coranguinum ''Zone and the lower part of the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.


'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.
'''Conclusion''':        White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower ''M. coranguinum ''Zone.

Revision as of 15:16, 27 March 2015

Woods, M A. 2014. Stratigraphical interpretations of Chalk Group macrosfossils from Sheet 254 (Henley-on-Thames) Autumn 2013. Nottingham, UK, British geological Survey. (OR/14/009)

Localities from which Chalk group macrofossils were collected, and their stratigraphical interpretations, are described below.

(1) Old chalk pit 430 m ENE of Homer Farm, south of Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16635 – 16639 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 66649 85892

The locality was also visited and collected in 2011 (WMD 15411 – 15433). The fauna includes the bivalves Platyceramus' and ?Volviceramus involutus (right valve fragment), and a cidarid echinoid spine fragment. The fauna occurs in soft and locally hard, nodular, sponge-bearing chalk.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?lower Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?lower M. coranguinum Zone.

A fauna suggestive of the mid to upper Seaford Chalk Formation was collected from a nearby locality by MAW in 2011 [SU 66125 85756].

(2) Old chalk pit adjacent to South Oxfordshire Way, 360 m NW of Watlington Hill farm, near Christmas Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16640 – 16644 1:10 000 SU79SW
NGR: SU 71190 93781

The fauna includes a cidarid echinoid spine fragment, the sponge Porosphaera and the bivalve Cremnoceramus?. The succession from which the material was collected comprises bands of hard, nodular, sponge-bearing chalk, and horizons of softer chalk, with carious nodular flints.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?upper Lewes Nodular Chalk; ?Coniacian, ?upper M. cortestudinarium Zone.

(3) Old chalk pit SW of Hammond's Wood and c. 200 m North of A4074, just north of Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16645 – 16654; 16673 – 16678; 16826 – 16828
1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64389 82952

The fauna is as follows:

Bivalvia: ?Cremnoceramus denselamellatus
Cremnoceramus' ex gr. waltersdorfensis
Echinoidea: Micraster? (test fragments)
?Plesiocorys placenta
Plesiocorys? (test fragments)
Ichnofossils: Zoophycos (in marl preservation)

Most of the material was collected from distinctly soft chalk with Zoophycos. The section also includes patchily hard, iron-stained, sponge-rich chalk, thin, anastomosing sheet flints, highly carious nodular flints and hollow-centred tubular flints.

Interpretation: The association of the above fauna with soft chalk containing marl-preserved Zoophycos suggests the equivalent of the Cuilfail Zoophycos in the upper P. (S.) plana Zone.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, mid Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian, upper P. (S.) plana Zone.

(4) Old chalk pit near Hammond's End, just north of road to Checkendon, and c. 100 m NW of Wheeler's Farm, near Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16655 – 16659 1:10 000 SU68SE
NGR: SU 65495 83854

The fauna, includes a shell fragment of the bivalve Cremnoceramus? and the echinoid Micraster sp. (in patchily hard chalk).

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?upper Lewes Nodular Chalk; ?Coniacian,  ?M.' cortestudinarium Zone.


(5) Old chalk pit 270 m WNW of Wheeler's Farm, north of Woodcote, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16660 – 16672 1:10 000 SU68SE
NGR: SU 65287 83861

The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve Cremnoceramus, including C. crassus.

Interpretation: Cremnoceramus crassus is typical of the M. cortestudinarium Zone, and the higher part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk can be inferred. However, the succession from which the material was collected is not typical of the Lewes Nodular Chalk, comprising soft, smooth- textured chalk with large nodular and semitabular flints.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, equivalent to upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Coniacian, M. cortestudinarium Zone.


(6) Old chalk pit on Nuffield Hill, on north side of road, 500 m WNW of Nuffield church, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16679 – 16694 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 66367 87634

The fauna comprises the oyster Pycnodonte vesiculare, common shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve Platyceramus and the echinoid Micraster sp. (fragment). The material was collected from a c. 1 m interval of soft, flinty, locally very sponge-rich chalk.

Interpretation: Platyceramus' occurs at and above the M. coranguinum Zone. Field relationships for nearby localities favour the M. coranguinum Zone (see (23) to (26) below), and the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, M. coranguinum Zone.

SE face of large old quarry now used for storage of rubbish skips. 250 m SE of Potter's Farm, SE of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16695 – 16702 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65600 89175

The material was collected from a c. 5 m section comprising weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part, passing upwards into strongly nodular chalk capped by glauconitised hardgrounds (Fig. 1). Horizon details refere to Fig. 1.

Horizon: I. cuvieri Horizon
Brachiopoda: Terebratulina lata
Bivalvia: Inoceramus cuvieri
Horizon: Fognam Marl
Foramninifera: Labyrinthydoma''
Bivalvia: Inoceramus cuvieri

There is a sharp downward change below the Fognam Marl to distinctly less nodular chalk.

Interpretation: The presence of Labyrinthidoma confirms the identity of the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore, 1986) and the fauna is characteristic of the upper T. lata Zone. Lithologically, the section largely equates with the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation, although the weakly nodular chalk with marl seams in the lower part of the section is probably coeval with upper New Pit Chalk seen elsewhere in the Chilterns. The hardgrounds at the top of the section represent the lower part of the Chalk Rock Member.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?topmost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation (including Chalk Rock Member); Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.


(8) Burrow brash on west side of footpath (Grindon Lane), c. 560 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16703 – 16708 1:10 000 SU69SE
NGR: SU 65651 90058

The material comprises hard, shelly chalk with the bivalve Mytiloides, including Mytiloides mytiloides.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian, Mytiloides spp. Zone.

(9) Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16709 – 16714 1:10 000 SU69SE
NGR: SU 65800 90000


The fauna is a generalised collection from the extensive spoil seen at this locality. Subsequent collections (see (10) to (12) below) are more localised. The material includes a thin-shelled inoceramid and the echinoid Cardiaster sp.

Conclusion: None possible.


(10) Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16715 – 16717 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65703 89932

The fauna includes the brachiopod Terebratulina lata and an indeterminate inoceramid shell fragment.

Interpretation: Field relationships wirh material collected at (8) (above) suggest assignment to the basal T. lata Zone, and the basal New Pit Chalk Formation might be inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal T. lata Zone.

(11) Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16718 – 16721 1:10 000 SU69SE
NGR: SU 66265 90504

The material comprises chalk with shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve Mytiloides.

Interpretation: The fauna, and field relationships with (8) and (10) above, suggest assignment to the Mytiloides spp. Zone and the Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation; lower Turonian,

(12) Brash from pipe trench dug along field margins adjacent to Swan's Way, Grindon Lane, and un-named track running E-W on southern boundary of field; c. 600 m NNE of Potter's Farm, near Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16722 – 16724 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65837 89860

The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve Mytiloides ex gr. hercynicus – subhercynicus.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, basal New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, basal T. lata Zone.

(13) Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 1).
Specimen nos: WMD 16725 – 16728 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65578 85631

The fauna is as follows:

Bivalvia: Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis hannoverensis?
Cremnoceramus? (fragment)
Inoceramus lusatiae
Inoceramus sp.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, middle Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; early Coniacian, basal M. cortestudinarium Zone. The material probably represents a level at or slightly above the Navigation Marls of Sussex.

(14) Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 2).
Specimen nos: WMD 16729 – 16734 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: 65554 85619

The fauna includes the bivalve Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensis hannoverensis? and the echinoid Micraster sp.

Conclusion: As for (13) above.

(15) Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 3).
Specimen no.: WMD 16735 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65536 85616

The specimen is the echinoid Micraster (specifically indeterminate), glauconitised and associated with a hardground.

Interpretation: The hardground is inferred to represent the highest unit (Hitch Wood Hardground) of the Chalk Rock Member. In more basinal settings, the so-called 'large forms' of Micraster leskei (M. leskei magna) are associated with a marl (Lewes Marl) that overlies strongly nodular chalks that are coeval with the Hitch Wood Hardground. The lowermost hardground of the inferred Chalk Rock was seen at [SU 65513 85602] (Locality 4), faulted, with a downthrow of c. 0.4 m into the hillside.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, lower Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; late Turonian, P. (S.) plana Zone.

(16) Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 5).
Specimen no.: WMD 16736 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65509 85599

The material, collected from a plastic-textured marl, includes the brachiopod Terebratulina lata and questionable specimens of the giant agglutinating foraminifer Labyrinthydoma.

Interpretation: The above fauna, lithology and field relationships strongly suggest that the marl seam is the Fognam Marl (= Southerham Marl 1 of Mortimore 1986) in the upper T. lata Zone, and the basal Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk; upper T. lata Zone, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation.

(17) Trench and spoil for new house development at Well Place, Oxfordshire (Locality 6).
Specimen nos: WMD 16737 – 16739 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65504 85597

The material comprises specimens of the inoceramid bivalve Inoceramus cuvieri, collected from the succession just below the inferred Fognam Marl at (16) (above).

Interpretation: The record of common Inoceramus cuvieri at this locality and also (7) (above) is notable. At some localities a hardground (Ogbourne Hardground) is present below the Fognam Marl, and was stated by Gale (1996) to eliminate the higher part of the New Pit Chalk containing the acme of I. cuvieri. Slightly lower in the succession at this locality, at [SU 65492 85583], is a thick (0.17 m), grey marl associated with typical New Pit Chalk.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Turonian, uppermost T. lata Zone.

(18) Tree roots exposure of Chalk adjacent to track in Icknieldbank Plantation, east of Ewelme, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16740 – 16744 1:10 000 SU69SE
NGR: SU 66870 91501

The material comprises specimens of the bivalve Inoceramus cuvieri?.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?New Pit Chalk Formation; ?Turonian, ?T. lata Zone.

(19) Overgrown exposure of Chalk adjacent to footpath on Watlington Hill, c. 200 m WSW of car park on Watlington Hill, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16745 – 16747 1:10 000 SU79SW
NGR: SU 70771 93456

The fauna is indeterminate.

Conclusion: None possible.

(20) Small, overgrown quarry on Watlington Hill adjacent to footpath, c. 670 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire
Specimen nos: WMD 16748 – 16762 1:10 000 SU79SW
NGR: SU 70644 93430

The fauna, collected from patchily hard and soft chalk with nodular and thin sheet flints, is as follows:

Bryozoa: bryozoan
Bivalvia: Cremnoceramus? (shell fragments)
?C. deformis erectus
Echinoidea: indeterminate test fragment
cidarid spine

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?M. cortestudinarium Zone. The presence of thin sheet flints is consistent with this speculative conclusion.

(21) Small overgrown quarry with good brash of hard, nodular chalk; c. 400 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land (at SU 70010 93199), near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16763 – 16766 1:10 000 SU79SW
NGR: SU 70368 93329

The fauna is as follows:

Bivalvia: inoceramid shell fragments including Mytiloides?
Echinoidea: Cardiaster sp. (small)

Interpretation: Lithology and field relationships suggest a level around the middle part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation. The fauna is not biozonally diagnostic, but is compatible with a level in the upper part of the P. (S.) plana Zone, where Mytiloides and Cardiaster both occur.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?middle Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; ?late Turonian, ?upper P. (S.) plana Zone.

(22) c. 280 m along path from SW edge of National Trust land [at SU 70010 93199], near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
Specimen no.: WMD 16767 1:10 000 SU79SW
NGR: SU 70263 93313

The specimen is an inoceramid shell fragment, possibly representing Inoceramus cuvieri. The specimen occurs in relatively soft chalk, but is associated with brash of hard, nodular chalk, and locally intensely hard chalkstone.

Interpretation: The specimen questionably suggests the upper part of the T. lata Zone, and the range of associated chalk brash is consistent with a level around the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?including junction of New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations; ?Turonian, ?upper T. lata Zone.

(23) Grim's Ditch, c. 350 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16768 – 16780 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 66492 87121

The fauna comprises shell fragments of the inoceramid bivalve Platyceramus, including thick- shelled examples (>5 mm). The specimens occur in chalk that is patchily hard, with flints and sponge remains.

Interpretation: Platyceramus' is most typical of the M. coranguinum Zone, although it also occurs at younger horizons. Field relationship with the occurrence of basal Lewes Nodular Chalk at (25) below favours assignment to the lower M. coranguinum Zone and the lower Seaford Chalk Formation. The record of hard, nodular chalk facies in the Seaford Chalk is not typical and may point to localised tectonic influence on lithofacies development.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower M. coranguinum Zone.

(24) Grim's Ditch, c. 430 m SW of Nuffield church, Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16781 – 16783 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 66407 87118

The fauna comprises shell fragments of the bivalve Platyceramus. This locality is close to (23) above.

Interpretation: As for (23) above.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower M. coranguinum Zone.

(25) Eastern end of exposure in Grim's Ditch just west of Morrell's Bottom, c. 600 m SSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16784 – 16796 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65457 87276

The fauna, associated with intensely hard, nodular, grainey-textured chalk, includes the bivalves Spondylus spinosus and Inoceramus cuvieri, an oyster and an echinoid test fragment. Chalk at the western end of this locality is firm and sponge-rich, and also contains I. cuvieri.

Interpretation: Inoceramus cuvieri suggests the upper T. lata or basal P. (S.) plana Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology at the eastern end of the exposure favours the lower (probably basal) Lewes Nodular Chalk, in which the long-ranging S. spinosus has local acmes. The western part of the exposure is probably New Pit Chalk Formation

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, uppermost New Pit Chalk Formation and basal Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(26) Grim's Ditch, c. 1 km WSW of Warren Hill Farm, near Nuffield, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16797 – 16801 1:10 000 SU68NW
NGR: SU 64852 87369

The fauna, insoft, blocky chalk, includes the bivalve Inoceramus cuvieri.

Interpretation: Inoceramus' 'cuvieri suggests the upper T. lata or lower P. (S.) plana Zone, from which the upper New Pit Chalk or lower Lewes Nodular Chalk might be inferred. The lithology and field relations with (25) (above) favour assignment to the New Pit Chalk and the T. lata Zone.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, T. lata Zone.

(27) One of a series of old chalk pits on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16802 – 16803 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64617 84356

The fauna comprises the brachiopod Orbirhynchia? and the inoceramid bivalve Inoceramus cuvieri. The specimens were collected from a c. 1.5 m thick section of soft, marly chalk, capped by 0.7 m of nodular chalk overlain by soil brash of chalkstone including fragments of mineralised hardground.

Interpretation: Inoceramus cuvieri spans the upper T. lata Zone and lower P. (S.) plana Zone. The observed lithological variation in the section suggests that it straddles the boundary of the New Pit and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, in the upper T. lata Zone. The fragments of mineralised hardground in the soil brash almost certainly represent the Chalk Rock Member, but are probably not in situ.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, junction of New Pit and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(28) One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16804 – 16807 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64549 84402

The fauna includes the bivalve Inoceramus' cuvieri.

Interpretation: Inoceramus' 'cuvieri spans the upper T. lata Zone and lower P. (S.) plana Zone. The lithology (soft, non-nodular chalk), and field relation with (27) (above) suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation and the upper T. lata Zone.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(29) One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16808 – 16810 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64525 84426

The fauna includes the bivalve Inoceramus' cuvieri.

Interpretation: As (28) above

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(30) One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16811 – 16814 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64519 84447

The fauna includes the brachiopod Terebratulina striatula and the inoceramid bivalve ?Inoceramus' cuvieri.

Interpretation: As (28) above.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(31) One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16815 – 16819 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64511 84464

The fauna includes the inoceramid bivalve ?Inoceramus cuvieri.

Interpretation: As (28) above.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(32) One of a series of old chalk pit on Garson's Hill, c. 600 m NNW of Itchens Farm, Braziers Common, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16820 – 16821 1:10 000 SU68SW
NGR: SU 64502 84509

The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments.

Interpretation: Lithology, and field relations with (27) (above), suggest assignment to the upper New Pit Chalk Formation.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper New Pit Chalk Formation.

(33) Lower part of cutting on Berins Hill, near Well Place, Oxfordshire.
Specimen nos: WMD 16822 – 16825 1:10 000 SU68SE
NGR: SU 65087 84910

The fauna includes the bivalve Inoceramus cuvieri, collected from soft, blocky chalk with occasional nodular flints forming the lower part of the section. Up-section there is a rapid transition into very hard, sponge-rich chalk.

Interpretation: Inoceramus' 'cuvieri spans the upper T. lata Zone and lower P. (S.) plana Zone. The strong lithological variation shown in the section suggests that it spans the junction of the New Pit Chalk and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations, and the upper T. lata' Zone can be inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, junction of New Pit and Lewes Nodular Chalk formations; Turonian, upper T. lata Zone.

(34) In ditch by track at south-west corner of Bixmoor Wood, 1.81 km ENE of Ipsden Church, near Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
Specimen no.: ARF 2688 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 65160 86120

The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalve Platyceramus.

Interpretation: Platyceramus' is most typical of the M. coranguinum Zone, but also occurs at younger horizons. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, assignment to the M. coranguinum Zone and the Seaford Chalk Formation is questionably inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian, ?M. coranguinum Zone.

(35) >Old chalk pit on north side of road on Nuffield Hill, 500 m NW of Nuffield Church.
Specimen no.: ARF 2689 1:10 000 SU68NE
NGR: SU 66360 87630

The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves Platyceramus and Volviceramus involutus (right valve and ?left valve fragments).

Interpretation: The association of Platyceramus and V. involutus indicates the lower M. coranguinum Zone and the lower part of the Seaford Chalk Formation might be inferred.

Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, lower Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, lower M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(36) !--[endif]-->In fallen tree roots at west edge of wood, on bank on south side of track, 40 m north of A4130 on Gangsdown Hill, 770 m N of Nuffield Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2690 1:10 000 SU68NE


NGR: SU 66870 88100


The specimen comprises inoceramid shell fragments, including Cremnoceramus.


Interpretation: Cremnoceramus' indicates the M. cortestudinarium Zone and basal M. coranguinum Zone, and the upper Lewes Nodular Chalk and basal Seaford Chalk might be inferred.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper Lewes Nodular Chalk or basal Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, upper M. cortestudinarium Zone or basal M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(37) !--[endif]-->In small pit in wood on north side of A4130 on Gangsdown Hill, 825 m NE of Nuffield Church


Specimen no.: ARF 2691 1:10 000 SU68NE


NGR: SU 67410 87850


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves Platyceramus and ?Volviceramus involutus (left valve fragment).


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?lower Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?lower


M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(38) !--[endif]-->Old pit in woods, Barley Hill, 350 m ESE of English Farm, 1.85 km SE of Nuffield Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2692 1:10 000 SU68NE


NGR: SU 67940 85920


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves Platyceramus?.


Interpretation: As for (34) above.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian,


?M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(39) !--[endif]-->Old pit in woods, Stockings Plantation, on north side of spur, 1.57 km NE of Nettlebed Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2693 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 70980 87810


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves Platyceramus?.


Interpretation: As for (34) above.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian,


?M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(40) !--[endif]-->Badger pits on fence line at top of steep slope, Little Cookley Hill, Upper Maidensgrove,


2.46 km NE of Nettlebed Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2694 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 71000 88900


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves Platyceramus and ?Volviceramus involutus (left valve fragment).


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?lower Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?lower


M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(41) !--[endif]-->North side of old pit in Stockings plantation, on north side of valley, 1.56 km NE of Nettlebed Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2695 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 71050 87730


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalve Platyceramus.


Interpretation: As for (34) above.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian or Santonian,


?M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(42) !--[endif]-->Fallen trees near base of steep slope in woods 65 m SW south of valley bottom track, Kitesgrove Wood, 1.80 km NE of Nettlebed Church.


Specimen no.: ARF 2696 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 71170 87930


The material is indeterminate.


Conclusion: None possible


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--[if !supportLists]-->(43) !--[endif]-->Badger scrapes on crest of ridge, Big Ashes Plantation, 2.01 km NE of Nettlebed Church. Specimen no.: ARF 2697 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 71260 88150


The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments.


Conclusion: None possible


--[if !supportLists]-->(44) !--[endif]-->Fallen tree just south of valley bottom track, Soundess Wood, 1.87 km ENE of Nettlebed Church


Specimen no.: ARF 2698 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 71490 87610


The material includes a shell fragment of the inoceramid bivalve Cremnoceramus.


Interpretation: Cremnoceramus' indicates the M. cortestudinarium Zone or very basal part of the M. coranguinum Zone, corresponding with the upper part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation and very basal part of the Seaford Chalk Formation.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, upper Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation or very basal Seaford Chalk Formation; Coniacian, M. cortestudinarium Zone or very basal


M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(45) !--[endif]-->Fallen trees on crest of ridge, Pishillbury Wood, Maidensgrove, 1.67 km WSW of Stonor Park Church, Stonor.


Specimen no.: ARF 2699 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 72620 88980


The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments.


Conclusion: None possible


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--[if !supportLists]-->(46) !--[endif]-->Fallen trees on north facing slope in Park Wood, Maidensgrove, 1.81 km WSW of Stonor Park Church, Stonor.


Specimen no.: ARF 2700 1:10 000 SU78NW


NGR: SU 72760 88140


The material comprises indeterminate inoceramid shell fragments and an asteroid plate.


Conclusion: None possible


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--[if !supportLists]-->(47) !--[endif]-->Badger scrapes in Grims Ditch, 362 m SW of Nuffield Church. Specimen no.: ARF 2701 1:10 000 SU68NE NGR: SU 66480 87100


The specimen comprises shell fragments of the bivalves ?Platyceramus and ?Volviceramus involutus (left valve fragment).


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?lower Seaford Chalk Formation; ?Coniacian, ?lower


M. coranguinum Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(48) !--[endif]-->Old pit on south side of road, near top of Berins Hill, Well Place, 2.16 km SE of Ipsden Church, Wallingford.


Specimen nos: ARF 2702 – 2703 1:10 000 SU68SE


NGR: SU 65360 84880


The specimens are of the inoceramid bivalve Cremnoceramus ex gr. walterdorfensis.


Interpretation: C. ex gr. waltersdorfensis is indicative of the uppermost P. (S.) plana Zone, from which the middle part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation might be inferred.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, middle Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; latest Turonian; uppermost P. (S.) plana Zone.


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--[if !supportLists]-->(49) !--[endif]-->Drainage ditch by side of road to Hollandridge Farm, 670 m NE of Pishill Church, near Stonor.


Specimen nos: ARF 2704 – 2712 1:10 000 SU79SW


NGR: SU 73000 90420


The fauna includes a terebratulid brachiopod, the bivalve Plagiostoma hoperi and thin-tested echinoids probably representing Plesiocorys' (Sternotaxis) plana.


Interpretation: P. (S.) plana is most common and characteristic of the uppermost T. lata Zone and P. (S.) plana Zone, corresponding with the lower part of the Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation. However, the lithology containing the material is rather smooth-textured and clean- splitting when hammered, which is uncharacteristic of the lower Lewes Nodular Chalk.


Conclusion: White Chalk Subgroup, ?lower Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation; ?Turonian,


?P. (S.) plana Zone.


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