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Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:50,000 map tile: Sheet 13 Bellingham - data sources
Introduction (From memoir)
The Bellingham district includes much of the Roman Wall country, the Northumbrian lakes, North Tynedale and Redesdale—all areas of outstanding, unspoilt beauty. They are underlain by Carboniferous rocks, 1600 m thick which were laid down around 300 million years ago. In the south and east, 'Yoredale'; limestones, sandstones and shales with the intrusive dolerite of the Whin Sill form scarp and dip-slope features, but in the forested areas to the north and west thick boulder clay of Pleistocene age mantles most of the solid rock and forms its own distinctive drumlin topography. This memoir is the first comprehensive published account of the geology of the district. After an introductory chapter, the stratigraphy of the Carboniferous rocks is described in detail, with comprehensive correlation diagrams of sections and boreholes together with complementary palaeontological identifications.
Accounts of the igneous rocks and structure of the region are followed by chapters on the Pleistocene and economic geology. Appendices list boreholes, shafts, measured sections and geological photographs and conclude with a comprehensive bibliography.
Previous research
For full references see the "References"
Reference to the geology of the district can be found in many early works but the first systematic study was the primary six-inch geological survey by Hugh Miller Jnr., and D. Burns between 1875 and 1878. The solid edition of their one-inch map was published in 1881 followed by the drift edition in 1883. This map was not accompanied by a detailed geological succession nor were any major lithological subdivisions of the Carboniferous shown. A descriptive memoir written by Miller was not published. Small areas on the eastern and western edges of the district were resurveyed by G. A. Burnett (1932–35) and J. B. W. Day, D. H. Land and D. A. C. Mills (1954–58) respectively. This memoir is the first comprehensive description of the geology of the district (Figure 3), though a number of generalised descriptions have appeared in works which deal with wider regions (e.g. Lebour, 1889; Garwood, 1910; Smith, 1912; Hickling and others, 1931; Taylor and others, 1971). In addition, important contributions to knowledge of the Carboniferous rocks of the district include those by Tate (1867a), Lebour (1873, 1875a, b), Johnson (1959), Fowler (1966) and Frost (1969). Igneous rocks have been studied by Tate (1867a, b, 1870). Topley and Lebour (1877), Teall (1884a, b), Heslop and Smythe (1910), Weyman (1910), Holmes and Harwood (1928, 1929), Smythe (1930), Randall (1959a, b), and Ineson (1972). Mineral deposits have been described by Wilson and others (1922), Smith (1923) and Dunham (1948); and the drift deposits and glacial retreat phenomena by Dwerryhouse (1902) and Smythe (1908, 1912). Memoirs describing adjacent areas include those by Miller (1887), Clough (1889), Trotter and Hollingworth (1932), Fowler (1936) and Day (1970).
Maps
To view all published sheets for this areas visit the Maps Portal.
Latest published maps for this area
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| Drift sheet - View full map | Solid sheet - View full map |
Drift map details
| Map series: | Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:63,360/1:50,000 geological map series, New Series |
| Sheet number: | 13 |
| Sheet title: | Bellingham. |
| Map type: | Drift |
| Scale: | 1:50 000 |
| Publication year: | 1980 |
| Author statement: | Original geological survey on the Six-Inch scale by H. Miller and D. Burns in 1875-1878. Published on the One-Inch scale as Old Series Sheet 106 NE in 1881 (Solid Edition) and 1883 (Drift Edition). Eastern margin resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by G.A. Burnett in 1932-1935. Mineral Revision by K.C. Dunham in 1939-1945. Western margin resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by J.B.W. Day, D.H. Land and D.A.C. Mills in 1954-59. W. Anderson, District Geologist. Resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by D.V. Frost and D.W. Holliday in 1968-1975. |
| Published statement: | Published 1980. Print code: 3500/80. |
Solid map details
| Map series: | Geological Survey of England and Wales 1:63,360/1:50,000 geological map series, New Series |
| Sheet number: | 13 |
| Sheet title: | Bellingham. |
| Map type: | Solid |
| Scale: | 1:50 000 |
| Publication year: | 1980 |
| Author statement: | Original geological survey on the Six-Inch scale by H. Miller and D. Burns in 1875-1878. Published on the One-Inch scale as Old Series Sheet 106 NE in 1881 (Solid Edition) and 1883 (Drift Edition). Eastern margin resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by G.A. Burnett in 1932-1935. Mineral Revision by K.C. Dunham in 1939-1945. Western margin resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by J.B.W. Day, D.H. Land and D.A.C. Mills in 1954-59. W. Anderson, District Geologist. Resurveyed on the Six-Inch scale by D.V. Frost and D.W. Holliday in 1968-1975. |
| Published statement: | Published 1980. Print code: 3500/80. |
Six-inch maps
The following is a list of six-inch geological maps included in the area of 1:50000 Geological Sheet 13 with the date of survey for each map. The surveying officers are: G. A. Burnett, J. B. W. Day, D. V. Frost, D. W. Holliday, D. H. Land and D. A. C. Mills. Copies of the maps are deposited for public reference in the libraries of the London and Leeds Offices of the Institute of Geological Sciences. Uncoloured dyeline copies of those marked by an asterisk are available for purchase. Xerox copies of the remaining partially surveyed sheets are also available.
| NY 66 NE Tipalt Burn | Day | 1954 |
| NY 67 SE* Wileysike | Day | 1954 |
| NY 67 NE* Churnsike | Mills | 1954–58 |
| NY 68 SE* Christy's Crags | Mills | 1957–58 |
| NY 68 NE Whickhope | Land | 1958 |
| NY 76 NW Edges Green | Frost | 1973 |
| NY 76 NE Broomlee and Greenlee | Frost | 1973 |
| NY 77 SW* Grindon Green | Frost | 1970 |
| NY 77 SE* Shepherdshield | Frost | 1968–69 |
| NY 77 NW* Green Moor | Holliday | 1974 |
| NY 77 NE* Blackaburn and Stonehaugh | Frost | 1972–73 |
| NY 78.SW* Chirdon Burn | Holliday | 1973–74 |
| NY 78 NW Falstone | Holliday | 1973 |
| NY 78 NE Greenhaugh | Holliday | 1973 |
| NY 86 NW Grindon Hill | Frost and Holliday | 1968 |
| NY 86 NE Newbrough and Fourstones | Holliday | 1968 |
| NY 87 SW* Sewingshields | Frost | 1968 |
| NY 87 SE* Simonburn | Frost and Holliday | 1968–69 |
| NY 87 NW* Warksburn | Frost | 1971 |
| NY 87 NE* Birtley and Wark | Frost | 1970 |
| NY 88 SW* Bellingham | Frost | 1972–73 |
| NY 88 SE* Redesmouth | Frost | 1972 |
| NY 88 NW Hareshaw | Frost | 1973 |
| NY 88 NE West Woodburn | Frost | 1973 |
| NY 96 NW Wall | Holliday | 1971 |
| NY 96 NE Stagshaw | Burnett and Holliday | 1935, 1971 |
| NY 97 SW* Barrasford | Holliday | 1971 |
| NY 97 SE* Bingfield | Burnett and Holliday | 1934–35,1968,1971 |
| NY 97 NW* Gunnerton | Frost | 1971 |
| NY 97 NE* Hallington | Burnett and Holliday | 1932–34,1971–73 |
| NY 98 SW* Ridsdale | Frost | 1972–73 |
| NY 98 SE* Great Bavington | Burnett and Holliday | 1932–33,1972–73 |
| NY 98 NW East Woodburn | Frost | 1973 |
| NY 98 NE Raechester | Burnett and Holliday | 19,331,973 |
Memoir
Geology of the country around Bellingham. Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 13 by D.V. Frost and D.W. Holliday
Bibliographical reference: Frost, D.V. and Holliday, D.W. 1980. Geology of the country around Bellingham. Mem. Geol. Surv. G.B., Sheet 13, 112 pp.
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BGS175: 175th Anniversary Science Symposium of the founding of the British Geological Survey, 28th September, Royal Institution, London
The British Geological Survey is the world's oldest national geological survey and commemorated its 175th anniversary in 2010.
The event was marked by a one-day science symposium on 28 September 2010.
The symposium showcased our world-class science and technologies, demonstrating their relevance, societal benefits and positive impacts in addressing 21st century challenges; including living with environmental change, energy and natural resource security, rising CO2 emissions and geohazards.
- Peak metal: Scarcity of supply or scare story?
- Bronze Age Mediterraneans may have visited Stonehenge
- Modelling of Icelandic volcanic ash particles
The event was attended by influential stakeholders including representatives from government, industry, academia, international geological surveys, students and the national media.
Guest speakers included Dr Marcia McNutt, and Professor Iain Stewart.
Britain's best-known natural history film-maker, Sir David Attenborough, featured in the panel discussion to close the symposium.
About the British Geological Survey, 2010.
Win a place at BGS175
The winners of a VIP day at the science symposium, featuring Sir David Attenborough, are listed in the table below.
| Jonathan Wyatt, SHROPSHIRE | Paul Colinese, LONDON |
| John Williams, SURREY | Sophie Hibben, KENT |
| Lisa Allan, LONDON | Rob Flanders, CHESHIRE |
| Vince Piper, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE | Steven Cadman, SURREY |
| Sahja Haji, LONDON | Litsa Breingan, LONDON |
| Paul Dotteridge, HERTFORDSHIRE | Stephen Metheringham, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE |
| Milo Brook, OXFORDSHIRE | Catherine Unsworth, LONDON |
About the day
Symposium agenda
Download the oral programme 200 KB pdf
Keynote speakers and special guests
| Video presentation: About the British Geological Survey - 175 years of geoscience | |
| Sir David Attenborough wrote and narrated BBC's Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor | 
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| Marcia McNutt, USGS Director, Introduction to The National Map | 
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| Professor Iain Stewart in the BBC's How Earth Made Us. Iain tells the epic story of how the planet has shaped our history. | 
|
Presentations
Insert Video: Panel session
| Morning session A | |
| Opening address | John Ludden, Executive Director, BGS |
| About the BGS - 175 years of geoscience | |
| Twenty-first century survey | Denis Peach, Chief Scientist, BGS |
| Acuity, accuracy and application: from systematic geological mapping to responsive 3D+ surveys | Martin Smith, Head Geology & Landscape, BGS |
| From watercolour to web | Keith Westhead, Head Knowledge Exchange, BGS |
| Keynote: Facing tomorrow’s challenges with integrated science | Marcia McNutt, Director, USGS |
| Morning session B | |
| OneGeology: improving access to geoscience globally | Ian Jackson, Chief of Operations, BGS |
| North American liaisons | Garth Earls, Director, GSNI |
| Arabian adventures: geological mapping and climate change in Arabia | Andrew Farrant, Geologist, BGS |
| Groundwater animals: extending our understanding of biodiversity in the UK | Louise Maurice, Groundwater ecologist, BGS |
| Life just got complicated | Dr Phil Wilby, Geologist, BGS |
| Afternoon session A | |
| Predict or prepare: natural hazards and human disasters | David Kerridge, Head Earth Hazards & Systems, BGS |
| Groundwater, health and livelihoods in Africa | Alan MacDonald, Hydrogeologist, BGS |
| Marine exploration | Robert Gatliff, Head Marine Geoscience, BGS |
| Carbon capture and storage (CCS):demonstrating the concept | Andy Chadwick, Head CO2 Storage Research, BGS |
| Future energy: renewable energy dividends from our coal mining legacy | Diarmad Campbell, Chief Geologist, Scotland, BGS |
| Keynote: The human planet | Iain Stewart, Professor of Geosciences, Communication, University of Plymouth |
| Afternoon session B | |
| Malthus revisited? Population growth, environmental change and resource limits | Andrew Bloodworth, Head Minerals & Waste, BGS |
| Looking forward to making predictions: BGS’s role in the next decade and beyond. | Andrew Hughes, Hydrogeologist, BGS |
| Panel session | |
| Featuring: Sir David Attenborough, Marcia McNutt (Director, USGS) Iain Stewart (Chair), Randy Parrish (Head of NIGL), Kathryn Goodenough (Geologist, BGS), Mike Ellis (Head of Climate Science, BGS). | |
| Closing remarks | |
| Closing remarks by Jon Gluyas (BGS Board Chair), and BUFI poster prize presentation. |
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| © Natural Resources Wales. All rights reserved. For use contact: Natural Resources Wales |
Edward Greenly (1861–1951)
Cofir am Edward Greenly yn bennaf am ei arolwg daearegol o Ynys Môn, gwaith y bu wrthi am bron pum mlynedd ar hugain o’i fywyd.
Image caption: Edward Greenly. Llun trwy garedigrwydd Terry Williams
Edward Greenly (1861–1951)
Campwaith pennaf Edward Greenly oedd cwblhau arolwg daearegol manwl o Ynys Môn. Cyhoeddwyd The Geology of Anglesey (Volume 1 and Volume 2) mewn dwy gyfrol yn 1919 ac yna yn 1920 fap daearegol ar y raddfa un fodfedd i’r filltir. Er bod rhannau o’r gwaith wedi’u diweddaru yn ystod y degawdau dilynol, erys ei astudiaeth yn glasur o fri rhyngwladol.
Mapio Môn
Wrth fapio ynys Môn, gwnaeth Greenly ddefnydd mawr o syniadau tectonig a ddatblygodd wrth iddo fynd i’r afael â gwaith maes cynharach yn Ucheldiroedd yr Alban. Roedd tair prif broblem yn ei wynebu: prinder brigiadau da, yn enwedig mewn ardaloedd mewndirol allweddol bwysig; presenoldeb creigiau gorchuddiol clytiog yn cuddio yn aml y baslawr Cyn-Gambriaidd hŷn; a phresenoldeb toriadau tectonig megis ffawtiau a chylchfaoedd croesrym a oedd yn aml yn rhwystro’r gwaith o gydberthyn gwahanol ddilyniannau o greigiau. Chwaraeodd ei wraig Annie Greenly (Barnard gynt), a oedd yn rhannu ei ddiddordeb mewn daeareg a diwinyddiaeth, rôl hollbwysig drwy baratoi’r mynegai i’w gyfrol.
Ganed Greenly ym Mryste ac fe’i haddysgwyd yng Ngholeg Clifton. Bu’n fyfyriwr yng Ngholeg y Brifysgol, Llundain, cyn ymuno â’r Arolwg Daearegol yn 1889. Yn gyntaf, bu gofyn iddo baratoi arolwg o Ucheldiroedd gogledd-orllewin yr Alban. Daeth yn ffrind agos ac yn gydweithiwr i Ben Peach yr oedd ei archwiliadau wedi bod yn gyfrwng i ddatrys adeiledd cymhleth yr Alban (gan gynnwys adnabod a sylweddoli arwyddocâd Gwthiad Moine). Rhoddodd Greenly y gorau i’w waith gyda’r Arolwg yn 1895 er mwyn iddo, o’i ben a’i bastwn ei hun. roi cychwyn ar ei arolwg o Ynys Môn.
Cyfraniadau pwysig i ddaeareg
Yn gydnabyddiaeth am ei gyfraniadau pwysig i ddaeareg, cafodd Edward Greenly ei dderbyn yn aelod er anrhydedd o gymdeithasau daearegol Caeredin a Lerpwl, a Chymdeithas Hynafiaethwyr Môn. Dyfarnwyd iddo Fedal Lyell, fawr ei bri, y Gymdeithas Ddaearegol yn 1920, medal Cymdeithas Ddaearegol Lerpwl yn 1933 a doethuriaeth er anrhydedd Prifysgol Cymru yn 1920.
Ar y cyd â Howel Williams, cyhoeddodd Greenly Methods of Geological Surveying yn 1930 a’i hunangofiant A Hand through Time: Memories Romantic and Geological a ymddangosodd yn 1938. Bu farw ym Mangor yn 1951 ac yn briodol iawn fe’i claddwyd ym mynwent Llangristiolus, Ynys Môn. Mae ei fedd wedi’i gyfnodi’n Safle Geoamrywiaeth o Bwysigrwydd Rhanbarthol (RIGS).
| ft.& nbsp;in. | |||
| London Clay | a. Brown clay, with selenite (no fossils) | 9 0 | |
| Basement Bed | b. Brown sandy clay with selenite, numerous fossils, and at the bottom a layer of shells | 5 0 | |
| c. Flint pebbles, with sharks' teeth (Lamma and Otodus) | 0 3 | ||
| d. "Brown sandy clay, more sandy than the upper bed, with iron sandstone, and a little ironstone at the base. At the top, here and there, a bed of soft clayey sandstone, bored by Lithodomi, from 6 inches to a foot thick" | 7 0 | ||
| e. Flint pebbles with oyster shells (Ostrea Bellovacina, Lam.) | 0 3 | ||
| Reading Beds | f Grey and mottled clay, with a few small pebbles | 3 6 | |
| g Light-coloured sand | 16 0 | ||
| h. Sand, with beds of pebbles | 9 0 | ||
| i. Mixture of sand and clay, light coloured | 3 0 | ||
| Not shown—to the Chalk | 6 0 |
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