OR/14/068 Appendix 1

Lapworth, D J, Gopal, K, Rao, M S, and MacDonald, A M. 2014. Intensive groundwater exploitation in the Punjab — an evaluation of resource and quality trends. British Geological Survey Internal Report, OR/14/068.

Long-term trends in groundwater level in the bist-doab

Figure 1 Long-term groundwater level trends for CGWB monitoring sites with records >20 years.

Summary statistics for groundwater chemistry

Table 1    Summary statistics for dissolved groundwater chemistry including field parameters. Mean values estimated using either the Kaplan-meier (KM) or maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method

Element	Unit	%cens	min	mean	max	sd	P5	P10	P25	P50	P70	P75	P80	P90	P95
Temp	°C	0	24	26.0	30.8	1.4	24	24	25	26	26.4	26.8	27	27.9	29
SEC	us/cm	0	85	748.3	1816	379.6	226	424	456	648	885	924	981	1262	1675
pH		0	6.31	7.2	8.22	0.4	6.61	6.78	6.95	7.2	7.34	7.4	7.43	7.61	8.04
Eh	mV	0	25	256.4	533	111.0	83.1	108	161	258.6	316	329	343	395	448
DO	mg/L	9	<0.01	1.2	7.8	1.8	NA	0.05	0.14	0.4	0.75	1.13	1.94	4.3	5.9
HCO3	mg/L	0	87.8	393.1	859.4	158.5	152.4	212.1	263.3	395.0	459.6	474.2	490.0	616.8	653.4
Ca	mg/L	0	11.6	59.6	167.6	30.9	19.9	22.6	35.9	57	69.2	70.8	78.3	92.4	128.8
Mg	mg/L	0	5.13	22.9	46.48	11.9	5.87	8.88	12.15	21.22	31.88	32.72	34.69	38.85	43.48
Na	mg/L	0	5.8	66.9	262.3	56.1	7.5	15	29.7	46	76.5	85.8	96.8	158.2	179.4
K	mg/L	0	1.25	5.2	27.29	3.9	1.74	1.95	3.16	4.57	6.02	6.5	6.59	7.44	11.06
Cl	mg/L	0	1.3	31.4	225.5	45.4	2.7	3.1	5.6	13.5	31.8	39.6	41.4	87.0	151.2
SO4	mg/L	3	<0.05	24.6	154.6	30.9	2.6	3.2	5.3	11.1	28.7	29.4	36.6	63.1	79.1
NO3	mg/L	18	<0.03	14.1	72.7	18.4	NA	NA	0.0	3.0	19.0	26.2	30.8	38.8	59.0
Br	mg/L	11	<0.02	0.09	0.40	0.1	NA	0.01	0.03	0.06	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.23	0.29
NO2	mg/L	41	<0.01	0.14	3.19	0.5	NA	NA	NA	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.28	1.15
F	mg/L	0	0.08	0.40	1.20	0.2	0.11	0.17	0.21	0.35	0.45	0.48	0.52	0.61	1.03
DOC	mg/L	6	<0.5	2.49	21.64	3.4	NA	0.59	0.81	1.26	2.26	2.64	2.82	5.12	9.08
Si	mg/L	0	3.58	12.1	17.55	2.9	5.54	8.38	10.74	12.2	13.81	14.16	14.45	15.3	16.28
Ba	μg/L	0	54.7	240.4	568.2	132.8	68.6	77.7	109.6	205.1	319.4	336.9	351.2	436.7	476.2
Sr	μg/L	0	95.6	542.7	1588.3	322.7	112.4	175	243.9	493.8	718.2	771	871	988.1	1060.5
Mn	μg/L	0	0.5	84.0	1050.3	175.8	1.7	3.1	8.9	21.1	57.9	71.9	93.6	227.5	410.9
Fe	μg/L	0	0.5	270.5	5441	815.5	2	5	12	44	78	101	128	477	1686
Li	μg/L	0	4	20.8	63	10.8	7	8	12	22	26	27	28	31	40
Be	μg/L	100	<0.01	0.0	<0.01	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
B	μg/L	0	15	121.7	380	85.5	18	25	47	112	164	174	194	248	265
Al	μg/L	14	<1	3.0	24	3.6	NA	NA	1	2	3	4	4	6	7
Ti	μg/L	42	<0.05	0.2	1.87	0.3	NA	NA	NA	0.07	0.1	0.11	0.14	0.21	0.6
V	μg/L	11	<0.2	1.8	12.1	2.0	NA	0.1	0.7	1.6	2.1	2.2	2.4	3.4	3.5
Cr	μg/L	0	0.02	0.3	3.51	0.7	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.11	0.13	0.23	1.23	1.86
Co	μg/L	14	<0.01	0.1	0.75	0.1	NA	NA	0.01	0.03	0.07	0.08	0.14	0.23	0.37
Ni	μg/L	0	0.05	0.6	5.8	1.1	0.05	0.05	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.9	3.6
Cu	μg/L	0	0.2	15.0	226.4	33.6	0.4	0.8	1.7	5.1	12	13.3	15.5	24.3	70.7
Zn	μg/L	0	2	380.1	7474.1	1013.9	3.8	6.5	17.4	41	154.9	276.5	455.8	864.7	1749.3
As	μg/L	0	0.1	1.2	9.83	1.8	0.15	0.19	0.34	0.69	1.03	1.11	1.37	1.87	5.8
Se	μg/L	0	0.05	2.3	41.6	6.0	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.4	1.2	1.2	1.7	4.9	12.3
Rb	μg/L	0	0.1	0.7	2.81	0.5	0.15	0.22	0.41	0.59	0.8	0.84	0.94	1.18	1.38
Y	μg/L	7	<0.005	0.0	0.172	0.0	NA	0.006	0.009	0.015	0.023	0.024	0.026	0.044	0.055
Zr	μg/L	100	<0.05	0.0	<0.05	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Nb	μg/L	100	<0.02	0.0	<0.02	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Mo	μg/L	0	0.04	3.2	18.48	3.4	0.1	0.31	0.91	2.14	3.65	3.82	4.53	8.68	10.37
Cd	μg/L	0	0.005	0.0	0.33	0.0	0.005	0.005	0.005	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.1
Pb	μg/L	0	0.06	3.8	49.95	8.5	0.1	0.14	0.23	0.72	2.44	3.19	3.46	6.81	21.97
Ag	μg/L	82	<0.05	0.04	0.56	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.13
Sn	μg/L	11	<0.02	0.2	1.88	0.3	NA	NA	0.05	0.07	0.16	0.19	0.25	0.43	0.52
Sb	μg/L	0	0.01	0.19	2.92	0.42	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.08	0.13	0.16	0.18	0.37	0.68
Cs	μg/L	57	<0.005	0.0	0.021	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.007	0.007	0.008	0.014	0.017
La	μg/L	7	<0.002	0.0	0.036	0.0	NA	0.003	0.004	0.006	0.008	0.009	0.01	0.014	0.018
Ce	μg/L	32	<0.002	0.0	0.042	0.0	NA	NA	NA	0.003	0.006	0.007	0.01	0.014	0.028
Sm	μg/L	36	<0.002	0.0	0.014	0.0	NA	NA	NA	0.003	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.005	0.006
Tb	mg/L	97	<0.002	0.0	0.002	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tm	μg/L	100	<0.002	0.0	<0.002	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Yb	μg/L	55	<0.002	0.0	0.008	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.004	0.004
Lu	μg/L	100	<0.002	0.0	<0.002	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Tl	μg/L	99	<0.01	0.0	0.01	0.0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ga	μg/L	86	<0.07	0.0205	0.0500	0.0311	0.0069	0.0084	0.0119	0.0175	0.0235	0.0256	0.0282	0.0362	0.0444
Pr	μg/L	89	<0.002	0.0009	0.0070	0.0018	0.0001	0.0001	0.0003	0.0005	0.0009	0.0011	0.0013	0.0021	0.0030
Nd	μg/L	95	<0.01	0.0030	0.0200	0.0063	0.0002	0.0004	0.0007	0.0016	0.0029	0.0034	0.0041	0.0068	0.0104
Sm	μg/L	36	<0.002	0.0030	0.0140	0.0033	0.0009	0.0012	0.0017	0.0025	0.0035	0.0038	0.0042	0.0055	0.0069
Eu	μg/L	86	<0.002	0.0012	0.0040	0.0018	0.0003	0.0004	0.0006	0.0010	0.0014	0.0016	0.0017	0.0023	0.0029
Gd	μg/L	70	<0.002	0.0019	0.0140	0.0035	0.0002	0.0003	0.0006	0.0012	0.0020	0.0023	0.0027	0.0043	0.0061
Dy	μg/L	71	<0.002	0.0018	0.0130	0.0032	0.0002	0.0003	0.0006	0.0012	0.0019	0.0022	0.0025	0.0038	0.0054
Ho	μg/L	96	<0.002	0.0008	0.0030	0.0009	0.0002	0.0003	0.0004	0.0006	0.0009	0.0010	0.0011	0.0015	0.0019
Er	μg/L	80	<0.002	0.0014	0.0110	0.0027	0.0002	0.0002	0.0004	0.0008	0.0014	0.0017	0.0019	0.0030	0.0043
Th	μg/L	92	<0.005	0.0025	0.0100	0.0033	0.0007	0.0009	0.0014	0.0021	0.0029	0.0031	0.0035	0.0046	0.0058
U	μg/L	0	0.93	16.9	70.389	14.8	1.193	1.981	5.43	15.124	21.37	23.1	25.441	31.48	47.38

Figure 2 Water level logger data from shallow sites in the Bist-Doab: Tanda, Bhogpur, Karpurthala, Sultanpur, Saroya and Nakodar.